{
 "$schema": "https://orvik.app/api/v1/openapi.json",
 "id": "key-entries",
 "title": "Orvik identification key entries",
 "description": "Every specimen in Orvik's 23 identification keys: 749 entries with their trait coding, field measurements, diagnostic sentence and lookalikes, joined where possible to GBIF and iNaturalist occurrence counts. The trait coding is the part that cannot be generated — it is what makes a key a key rather than a list.",
 "url": "https://orvik.app/api/v1/key-entries.json",
 "documentation": "https://orvik.app/api/",
 "generated": "2026-09-17",
 "publisher": {
  "name": "Orvik",
  "legal_name": "Vast Flow, LLP",
  "url": "https://orvik.app/",
  "documentation": "https://orvik.app/api/",
  "contact": "support@orvik.app",
  "compiled_by": {
   "name": "Merey Tleugazin",
   "url": "https://orvik.app/about/",
   "note": "Not a biologist, geologist or veterinarian. The compilation work, the sourcing and the method are his; the taxonomy and the published standards are cited to the bodies that set them."
  }
 },
 "licence": {
  "id": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Orvik (https://orvik.app)",
  "covers": "The compilation: the key structure, the entry list, the trait coding, the joins and every derived column. Use it commercially, modify it, redistribute it; credit Orvik with a link."
 },
 "upstream_sources": [
  {
   "id": "gbif",
   "name": "GBIF — Global Biodiversity Information Facility",
   "url": "https://www.gbif.org/",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "supplies": "Georeferenced occurrence counts, month histograms, country splits, accepted name and rank."
  },
  {
   "id": "inaturalist",
   "name": "iNaturalist",
   "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
   "licence": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
   "supplies": "Research-grade observation counts and month histograms.",
   "restriction": "NonCommercial. This is the one upstream term that is not CC BY, and it travels with any redistribution of the iNaturalist columns. Orvik's own compilation is CC BY 4.0; the iNaturalist figures inside it are not."
  }
 ],
 "scope_limits": {
  "no_identification": "No endpoint identifies a specimen. The keys narrow possibilities from traits a reader has observed; they never return a determination, and a filtered list is not an answer.",
  "no_safety_clearance": "Nothing here certifies that anything is safe to eat, touch or handle. The toxicity, mushroom, wild berry, snake and caterpillar keys flag risk and name the poison centre; they do not clear anything.",
  "no_prices": "No market prices, appraisals or valuations. The coin endpoint publishes metal content only, and the spot price is supplied by the caller."
 },
 "not_published": [
  {
   "what": "The competitor app snapshot behind /compare/ and /alternatives/.",
   "why": "The metadata and in-app purchase lists come from the Apple App Store and are Apple's to license, not ours. The positioning is each publisher's own marketing. Republishing either keyless and CC BY would relicense content we do not own and distribute our competitors' copy at our own cost.",
   "instead": "https://orvik.app/compare/"
  },
  {
   "what": "Individual occurrence records — coordinates, dates, observer, photographs.",
   "why": "Orvik holds only aggregate counts and month histograms. The records themselves are the upstream databases' to distribute, and they already do so properly.",
   "instead": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search"
  },
  {
   "what": "Any identification made by the Orvik app, and any user photograph.",
   "why": "None is retained in a form that could be published, and publishing it is not something a user agreed to.",
   "instead": "https://orvik.app/privacy/"
  }
 ],
 "count": 749,
 "key_count": 23,
 "with_occurrence_data": 749,
 "risk_flagged": 190,
 "how_to_read": {
  "traits": "An object keyed by facet id; the value is the list of option ids that specimen satisfies. A specimen may satisfy several options of one facet — \"brown or grey\" is two options, not a missing value. Filter by intersection across facets, union within one.",
  "tell": "The single field-checkable character that separates this entry from its nearest lookalike. It is the sentence to show a reader, not the name.",
  "risk": "\"danger\" and \"caution\" flag harm to a person, not rarity or legal status. Absent means the key does not track risk for that subject, NOT that the specimen is safe.",
  "species_rank": "false means the occurrence figures are for a genus, family or order and already contain their species. Never add a false row into a total."
 },
 "data": [
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Sago palm",
   "scientific_name": "Cycas revoluta",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "seed",
     "leaf",
     "root"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Landscape plant across the US South; sold everywhere as a houseplant and as bonsai.",
   "tell": "Not a true palm — a cycad with a stout pineapple-like trunk and stiff, spiny, deep-green fronds. The orange-brown seeds at the crown are the most poisonous part and dogs chew them.",
   "confused_with": "Real palms (parlor, areca, ponytail) are all non-toxic. The give-away is the woody, scaly trunk and the seed cone.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cycasin causes acute liver failure. Survival rates are poor even with treatment. One or two seeds can kill a dog.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cycas revoluta Thunb.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1291,
    "gbif_months": [
     65,
     95,
     86,
     122,
     128,
     88,
     79,
     102,
     88,
     114,
     67,
     73
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 22917,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "True lily",
   "scientific_name": "Lilium and Hemerocallis species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "bulb"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part",
     "root"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Cut-flower bouquets are the single most common exposure route indoors.",
   "tell": "Easter, tiger, Asiatic, Oriental, Japanese show and day lilies are in a class of their own for cats — every part including the pollen is lethal, and there is a treatment window of roughly 18 hours.",
   "confused_with": "Peace lily, calla lily and lily of the valley are not true lilies and do something completely different. Check the genus, not the shop label.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cats only: acute kidney failure. Pollen on the fur, two petals, or the vase water are all enough.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-lily-of-the-valley-poisonous-to-dogs/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lilium Tourn. ex L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 300815,
    "gbif_months": [
     8120,
     2407,
     3152,
     10020,
     23439,
     73255,
     90662,
     23012,
     9078,
     3754,
     1957,
     3110
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 186266,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Lily of the valley",
   "scientific_name": "Convallaria majalis",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part",
     "berry",
     "root"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Shaded borders and old gardens across the northern US, Canada and Europe.",
   "tell": "Two broad basal leaves and an arching stem of small white bells, followed by orange-red berries. Shade-loving, spreads into dense colonies, smells strongly sweet.",
   "confused_with": "Wild garlic has the same leaf shape but smells of onion when crushed. This is the classic foraging mix-up and it is fatal.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cardiac glycosides. Slow or irregular heart rate, collapse, seizures.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-lily-of-the-valley-deadly/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Convallaria majalis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 476918,
    "gbif_months": [
     8469,
     1393,
     4948,
     34947,
     91377,
     79831,
     65473,
     55358,
     29412,
     9970,
     2236,
     1776
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 77411,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Oleander",
   "scientific_name": "Nerium oleander",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Highway medians and hedges across the US Sun Belt and the whole Mediterranean.",
   "tell": "Evergreen shrub with narrow leathery leaves in whorls of three and clusters of pink, white or red five-lobed flowers. Milky sap.",
   "confused_with": "Nothing safe looks much like it, but hedge trimmings raked into a horse paddock are the classic accident.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cardiac glycosides in every part, including dried clippings and smoke from burning them.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-oleander-plant-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Nerium oleander L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 110514,
    "gbif_months": [
     7696,
     2494,
     3770,
     5944,
     9217,
     11491,
     11938,
     10470,
     6404,
     4887,
     2989,
     2211
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 81454,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Autumn crocus",
   "scientific_name": "Colchicum autumnale",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "bulb",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "flower-part",
     "seed"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Lawns, orchards and damp meadows; widely planted in Europe and the northern US.",
   "tell": "Leafless lilac goblets pushing straight out of bare ground in September and October, with the strappy leaves arriving the following spring.",
   "confused_with": "Spring crocus (Crocus species) is only a mild stomach upset. Season is the fastest test: spring crocus flowers with its leaves, autumn crocus flowers naked.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Colchicine. Bloody vomiting and diarrhoea, then multi-organ failure that can start days later.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Colchicum autumnale L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 170376,
    "gbif_months": [
     5303,
     1268,
     3579,
     12399,
     30107,
     32001,
     13520,
     11727,
     23797,
     7161,
     1319,
     1769
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 22019,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Yew",
   "scientific_name": "Taxus baccata and T. cuspidata",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "seed"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Churchyards, formal hedging and foundation planting throughout the temperate world.",
   "tell": "Dark evergreen needles set in two flat rows, flaking red-brown bark, and a soft red berry-like aril that is open at the end like a cup.",
   "confused_with": "The red aril flesh itself is harmless; the seed inside it is not. Never treat \"the bird ate it\" as evidence of safety.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Taxine alkaloids stop the heart. Horses die from a few mouthfuls of hedge clippings and are often found dead with leaves still in the mouth.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Taxus baccata L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 308901,
    "gbif_months": [
     10574,
     7639,
     12701,
     19297,
     22056,
     36964,
     32865,
     34373,
     20969,
     12891,
     6919,
     5862
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 42272,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Castor bean",
   "scientific_name": "Ricinus communis",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "seed"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Ornamental bedding in cool climates, a roadside weed across the warm South and the tropics.",
   "tell": "Fast-growing plant to three metres with huge star-shaped leaves, often bronze-red, and spiky red seed capsules holding glossy mottled beans that look like ticks.",
   "confused_with": "The mottled seeds are sold as jewellery beads. Treat any strung \"lucky bean\" necklace as poison.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Ricin. A single well-chewed seed can kill a dog; swallowed whole and intact, seeds often pass through.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ricinus communis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 94344,
    "gbif_months": [
     6442,
     6674,
     7414,
     13013,
     9241,
     6985,
     6838,
     6365,
     7037,
     7769,
     6581,
     5847
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 81256,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Foxglove",
   "scientific_name": "Digitalis purpurea",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part",
     "seed"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Woodland edges, roadside cuttings and cottage borders across Europe and the US Pacific Northwest.",
   "tell": "A tall one-sided spire of thimble-shaped purple or white flowers, spotted inside, over a rosette of soft grey-green downy leaves.",
   "confused_with": "The first-year rosette looks like comfrey and has been eaten in salad by mistake. Foxglove leaf edges are finely toothed; comfrey is not.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Digitalis glycosides. Vomiting, then a dangerously slow or erratic heartbeat.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-foxglove-toxic/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Digitalis purpurea L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 557582,
    "gbif_months": [
     19233,
     9051,
     16299,
     30230,
     64010,
     99076,
     71229,
     40951,
     23821,
     16324,
     9906,
     9138
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 109968,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Water hemlock",
   "scientific_name": "Cicuta maculata",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Ditches, stream banks and wet pasture across the whole of North America.",
   "tell": "Umbrella of small white flowers, purple-streaked hollow stem, and — the diagnostic feature — a chambered rootstock that oozes yellow oily sap when cut.",
   "confused_with": "Wild parsnip, elderflower and wild carrot all carry white umbels. Never dig a wild root on flower shape alone.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cicutoxin. Violent seizures within an hour. This is the most poisonous plant in North America.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cicuta maculata L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12532,
    "gbif_months": [
     33,
     28,
     75,
     391,
     877,
     2404,
     5143,
     2398,
     776,
     194,
     30,
     23
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 20714,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Rhododendron and azalea",
   "scientific_name": "Rhododendron species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Foundation planting everywhere with acidic soil; wild across Appalachia and the Pacific Northwest.",
   "tell": "Evergreen or deciduous shrub with leathery oval leaves and trusses of funnel-shaped flowers; the upper petal usually carries a freckled blotch.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Grayanotoxins. Drooling, vomiting, weakness, then heart rhythm problems. A few leaves matter in a small dog.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rhododendron L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 706341,
    "gbif_months": [
     11167,
     7307,
     13956,
     32020,
     66826,
     100508,
     115704,
     87637,
     40633,
     21372,
     10044,
     5874
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 449103,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Cyclamen",
   "scientific_name": "Cyclamen persicum",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A supermarket winter houseplant; naturalised outdoors in mild climates.",
   "tell": "Heart-shaped leaves marbled silver, and swept-back flowers on bare stems that look like small shuttlecocks.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Terpenoid saponins concentrated in the tuber. Heavy vomiting; large tuber doses cause heart rhythm changes and seizures.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cyclamen persicum Mill.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 10334,
    "gbif_months": [
     1547,
     1992,
     2628,
     1311,
     296,
     64,
     33,
     17,
     29,
     126,
     630,
     1575
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7283,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Kalanchoe",
   "scientific_name": "Kalanchoe blossfeldiana",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Sold in every garden centre as a gift plant; a garden escape in warm climates.",
   "tell": "Succulent with thick scallop-edged leaves and dense flat-topped clusters of tiny four-petalled flowers in hot pink, orange or yellow.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Bufadienolide cardiac glycosides. Usually just vomiting, but large amounts affect the heart.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 325,
    "gbif_months": [
     28,
     14,
     27,
     15,
     19,
     27,
     17,
     21,
     24,
     12,
     15,
     7
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 27097,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Dieffenbachia",
   "scientific_name": "Dieffenbachia seguine",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "One of the most common office and household plants in the world.",
   "tell": "Thick cane with large paddle leaves splashed cream and white down the midrib. Also sold as dumb cane, for what it does to the tongue.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals fire into the mouth lining. Intense pain, drooling, and occasionally swelling that blocks the airway.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/dieffenbachia-is-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3665,
    "gbif_months": [
     294,
     297,
     292,
     439,
     379,
     275,
     269,
     226,
     264,
     247,
     345,
     226
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 12122,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Philodendron",
   "scientific_name": "Philodendron species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Trailing types are the default hanging-basket plant in the US and Europe.",
   "tell": "Glossy leaves, heart-shaped in the trailing kinds and deeply cut in the tree kinds, on stems that produce aerial roots at each node.",
   "confused_with": "Almost indistinguishable from pothos at a glance. Pothos leaves are thicker and often gold-flecked; philodendron has a papery sheath at each new leaf.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Insoluble calcium oxalates: burning mouth, pawing at the face, drooling, vomiting. Rarely dangerous but genuinely painful.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Philodendron Schott",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 74611,
    "gbif_months": [
     5321,
     6536,
     7461,
     6482,
     5343,
     5885,
     8487,
     6341,
     5190,
     5174,
     5396,
     4376
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 43357,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Pothos",
   "scientific_name": "Epipremnum aureum",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The most widely sold houseplant on earth; an invasive climber in Florida and the tropics.",
   "tell": "Trailing vine with waxy heart-shaped leaves marbled or streaked in yellow or white, tolerating near-darkness and neglect.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Insoluble calcium oxalates. Mouth pain and vomiting; serious cases are rare.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-a-pothos-plant-poisonous-to-dogs/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G.S.Bunting",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8105,
    "gbif_months": [
     702,
     611,
     914,
     1370,
     793,
     513,
     519,
     482,
     447,
     455,
     621,
     642
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 38545,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Peace lily",
   "scientific_name": "Spathiphyllum species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A standard low-light office plant worldwide.",
   "tell": "Glossy dark ribbed leaves rising straight from the soil with a white hooded spathe around a cream spike.",
   "confused_with": "Constantly confused with true lilies in cat-poisoning panics. Look for the hood-and-spike flower: that is an arum, not a lily.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Insoluble calcium oxalates — a burning mouth, not kidney failure. This matters: peace lily is not a true lily.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-a-peace-lily-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Spathiphyllum Schott",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 7732,
    "gbif_months": [
     474,
     712,
     801,
     670,
     639,
     675,
     719,
     671,
     621,
     544,
     542,
     374
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 29186,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Monstera",
   "scientific_name": "Monstera deliciosa",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The signature houseplant of the last decade; wild in Central American rainforest.",
   "tell": "Huge glossy leaves with natural holes and deep splits, on a thick climbing stem hung with cord-like aerial roots.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Insoluble calcium oxalates. Mouth irritation and drooling.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Monstera deliciosa Liebm.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5752,
    "gbif_months": [
     408,
     424,
     532,
     823,
     626,
     435,
     461,
     441,
     398,
     380,
     375,
     319
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 21544,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "ZZ plant",
   "scientific_name": "Zamioculcas zamiifolia",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Ubiquitous in low-light offices and rental flats.",
   "tell": "Stiff upright stalks of thick, waxy, symmetrical dark-green leaflets growing from a potato-like rhizome.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Calcium oxalates. Mouth and stomach irritation; the reputation for extreme toxicity is not supported.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Zamioculcas zamiifolia (G.Lodd.) Engl.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 188,
    "gbif_months": [
     19,
     11,
     13,
     30,
     13,
     11,
     21,
     15,
     9,
     15,
     9,
     14
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10149,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Snake plant",
   "scientific_name": "Dracaena trifasciata",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Sold everywhere as mother-in-law's tongue.",
   "tell": "Upright sword leaves banded in grey-green with a yellow margin, growing in a tight clump.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Saponins. Vomiting, drooling and diarrhoea; rarely more than that.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2951,
    "gbif_months": [
     171,
     214,
     208,
     478,
     320,
     188,
     215,
     215,
     188,
     215,
     237,
     162
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Aloe vera",
   "scientific_name": "Aloe barbadensis",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Windowsills everywhere; naturalised in warm dry regions.",
   "tell": "Thick grey-green spear leaves with soft white teeth on the edges, in a rosette, oozing clear gel when cut.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The yellow latex under the skin contains anthraquinones — vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy. The clear inner gel is not the problem part.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aloe barbadensis Mill.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 98,
    "gbif_months": [
     4,
     10,
     28,
     7,
     5,
     4,
     11,
     7,
     3,
     3,
     4,
     2
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48174,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Jade plant",
   "scientific_name": "Crassula ovata",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A classic windowsill succulent worldwide.",
   "tell": "Small tree-like succulent with a thick trunk and glossy oval jade-green pads, often edged red in strong light.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The toxin is still unidentified. Reported effects include vomiting, unsteady walking and a slowed heart rate.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2321,
    "gbif_months": [
     139,
     184,
     208,
     350,
     214,
     163,
     280,
     176,
     136,
     175,
     119,
     162
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 28409,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Dracaena",
   "scientific_name": "Dracaena marginata and D. fragrans",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Sold as dragon tree and corn plant in every garden centre.",
   "tell": "Thin woody canes topped with a fountain of narrow strap leaves, usually edged red or striped cream.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Saponins. Vomiting — sometimes with blood — plus drooling; cats often show dilated pupils.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-a-dracaena-plant-poisonous-to-cats/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dracaena marginata Lem.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 15,
    "gbif_months": [
     1,
     0,
     2,
     0,
     0,
     0,
     0,
     0,
     0,
     1,
     8,
     0
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5396,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "English ivy",
   "scientific_name": "Hedera helix",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "vine",
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "berry"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Walls, woodland and fences across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "Evergreen climber with three- to five-lobed leaves on juvenile shoots and plain oval leaves on the flowering wood, clinging by root hairs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Triterpenoid saponins, strongest in the leaves rather than the berries. Vomiting, drooling, belly pain.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hedera helix L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1274719,
    "gbif_months": [
     73004,
     43390,
     73971,
     125164,
     141108,
     130182,
     113141,
     99442,
     95152,
     67691,
     36444,
     34673
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 180225,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Chinese evergreen",
   "scientific_name": "Aglaonema species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A standard mall and lobby plant.",
   "tell": "Broad lance-shaped leaves marbled silver, cream or pink on short stems; tolerates deep shade.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Insoluble calcium oxalates — mouth pain, drooling, vomiting.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/aglaonema-common-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aglaonema Schott",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1617,
    "gbif_months": [
     94,
     104,
     142,
     182,
     118,
     132,
     116,
     102,
     95,
     136,
     95,
     97
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 16564,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Arrowhead plant",
   "scientific_name": "Syngonium podophyllum",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A common hanging-basket plant; invasive in Florida.",
   "tell": "Young leaves are neat arrowheads, often with a pale centre; mature climbing shoots split into three to five lobes.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Calcium oxalates. Burning mouth and vomiting.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Syngonium podophyllum Schott",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6979,
    "gbif_months": [
     534,
     540,
     538,
     968,
     674,
     510,
     520,
     570,
     478,
     460,
     542,
     467
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 18319,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Schefflera",
   "scientific_name": "Schefflera arboricola",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Sold as umbrella plant; a landscape shrub in Florida and Hawaii.",
   "tell": "Leaflets radiate from one point like the spokes of an umbrella, five to nine per stalk, glossy and often gold-variegated.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Calcium oxalates. Mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Schefflera arboricola Hayata, 1916",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 328,
    "gbif_months": [
     13,
     16,
     21,
     18,
     15,
     15,
     15,
     4,
     24,
     22,
     24,
     30
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Caladium and elephant ear",
   "scientific_name": "Caladium, Alocasia and Colocasia species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "root",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Summer bedding across the US South; grown indoors elsewhere.",
   "tell": "Enormous arrow- or heart-shaped leaves on long stalks, in caladiums painted pink, white and red between the veins.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Very high oxalate load. Severe mouth swelling that can make swallowing and breathing difficult.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Caladium Vent.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 7587,
    "gbif_months": [
     441,
     600,
     502,
     878,
     890,
     719,
     654,
     518,
     418,
     543,
     765,
     454
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 27698,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Begonia",
   "scientific_name": "Begonia species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The most planted bedding genus in the world.",
   "tell": "Asymmetric leaves — one half of the blade is always larger than the other — with waxy flowers in white, pink or red.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Soluble oxalates concentrated in the tubers. Mouth burning and vomiting; kidney damage reported in grazing livestock.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/begonia-common-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Begonia L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 105694,
    "gbif_months": [
     8697,
     9871,
     9576,
     8182,
     7433,
     6046,
     7301,
     8176,
     8046,
     8671,
     8620,
     6473
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Daffodil",
   "scientific_name": "Narcissus species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "bulb",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Naturalised in lawns and verges throughout the temperate world.",
   "tell": "Yellow or white six-petalled flower with a central trumpet, on a hollow leafless stem over strap leaves.",
   "confused_with": "Dogs dig up dormant bulbs in autumn and eat them like onions. Store bulbs where they cannot be reached.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Lycorine, most concentrated in the bulb. Severe vomiting, low blood pressure, tremors; bulbs cause the worst cases.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/daffodil-latin-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Narcissus L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 348109,
    "gbif_months": [
     13765,
     20206,
     60216,
     66981,
     42687,
     14143,
     4778,
     2060,
     1845,
     2961,
     3272,
     6162
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 154319,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Tulip and hyacinth",
   "scientific_name": "Tulipa and Hyacinthus species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "bulb",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Spring bedding and forced indoor pots everywhere.",
   "tell": "Both grow from a papery-skinned bulb with fleshy strap leaves; tulips carry one cup-shaped flower per stem, hyacinths a dense fragrant spike.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Tulipalin A and B, concentrated in the bulb. Heavy drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea; large bulb doses raise heart rate and depress breathing.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tulipa L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 101943,
    "gbif_months": [
     3579,
     2277,
     13286,
     33733,
     19828,
     4418,
     1432,
     561,
     492,
     415,
     317,
     812
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Amaryllis",
   "scientific_name": "Hippeastrum species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "bulb",
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The standard Christmas gift bulb across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "A single thick hollow stem carrying two to six huge trumpet flowers, from a large bulb sitting half out of the compost.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Lycorine and related alkaloids. Vomiting, drooling, low blood pressure, tremors.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hippeastrum Herb.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 4873,
    "gbif_months": [
     266,
     255,
     276,
     344,
     249,
     128,
     187,
     308,
     661,
     1024,
     544,
     367
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 28549,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Chrysanthemum",
   "scientific_name": "Chrysanthemum species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The autumn pot plant of the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Dense domed heads of many small ray flowers over deeply lobed aromatic leaves that smell sharp when crushed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Pyrethrins and sesquiterpene lactones. Vomiting, drooling, wobbliness, and skin inflammation on contact.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/botanical-name-of-chrysanthemum/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Chrysanthemum L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 18212,
    "gbif_months": [
     562,
     153,
     212,
     383,
     542,
     631,
     1806,
     2144,
     1290,
     2311,
     1938,
     524
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Hydrangea",
   "scientific_name": "Hydrangea macrophylla",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Front gardens across the temperate world.",
   "tell": "Big rounded or flat heads of four-petalled flowers, blue on acid soil and pink on alkaline, over coarse toothed leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin in the buds and leaves. Vomiting and diarrhoea; genuine cyanide poisoning needs an implausible quantity.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/hydrangea-latin-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12798,
    "gbif_months": [
     316,
     250,
     332,
     769,
     961,
     1360,
     1878,
     1345,
     718,
     477,
     356,
     356
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48852,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Wisteria",
   "scientific_name": "Wisteria sinensis and W. floribunda",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "seed",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "House fronts and pergolas across Europe, the US and East Asia.",
   "tell": "Woody twining climber with hanging chains of lilac pea flowers before the leaves, followed by velvety green bean-like pods.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Lectin and wisterin in the seed pods. Repeated vomiting, sometimes bloody, and dehydration; a handful of seeds is a vet visit.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-wisteria-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5595,
    "gbif_months": [
     70,
     53,
     909,
     1198,
     650,
     369,
     326,
     347,
     345,
     264,
     182,
     89
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 23854,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Onion, garlic, leek and chive",
   "scientific_name": "Allium species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edible",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Kitchen, veg patch, and ornamental alliums in flower borders.",
   "tell": "Hollow round leaves or flat strap leaves that smell unmistakably of onion when crushed, over a bulb or bulblet cluster.",
   "confused_with": "Anaemia from onion appears three to five days after the meal, long after anyone connects it to the food.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "N-propyl disulphide destroys red blood cells. Cats are far more sensitive than dogs, and cooked, dried and powdered forms are all still toxic.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Allium L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1395158,
    "gbif_months": [
     32981,
     22028,
     78246,
     210390,
     218132,
     193071,
     177600,
     100660,
     40617,
     18587,
     8458,
     9321
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Grape and raisin vine",
   "scientific_name": "Vitis vinifera",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "vine",
     "edible"
    ],
    "part": [
     "berry"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Garden pergolas and vineyards; dried fruit in the kitchen is the more common exposure.",
   "tell": "Woody climber with lobed maple-like leaves, curling tendrils, and hanging bunches of round fruit.",
   "confused_with": "Raisins, sultanas, currants and grape juice are all implicated. Christmas cake and flapjacks poison dogs every December.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Tartaric acid causes acute kidney injury in dogs. There is no reliable safe dose — some dogs are unaffected, others fail on a handful.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vitis vinifera L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 108424,
    "gbif_months": [
     1676,
     557,
     797,
     2020,
     6202,
     5941,
     5325,
     4725,
     4423,
     2641,
     782,
     591
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 19323,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Nightshade",
   "scientific_name": "Solanum species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wild",
     "edible"
    ],
    "part": [
     "berry",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Waste ground, hedges and veg patches across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Star-shaped flowers with a protruding yellow cone of anthers, followed by shiny berries that ripen black or red.",
   "confused_with": "Tomato and potato are the same genus. Green potatoes, sprouts and tomato foliage carry the same alkaloid.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Solanine. Drooling, vomiting, dilated pupils, weakness, slowed heart. Unripe green berries carry the most.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-nightshade-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Solanum L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2156584,
    "gbif_months": [
     91010,
     64591,
     78789,
     114419,
     154748,
     210843,
     246063,
     255525,
     218155,
     151252,
     86890,
     60078
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 829150,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Milkweed",
   "scientific_name": "Asclepias species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wild",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Prairie, roadside and pollinator gardens across North America.",
   "tell": "Opposite leaves on a stem that bleeds white latex when broken, umbels of small crown-shaped flowers, and warty pods full of silk-tufted seeds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cardenolides. Vomiting, weakness, seizures and heart rhythm changes; the narrow-leaved species are the most potent.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-milkweed-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Asclepias L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 518914,
    "gbif_months": [
     5975,
     5803,
     10699,
     38962,
     61638,
     121446,
     121886,
     70095,
     37741,
     22250,
     10062,
     6737
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 681879,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Mistletoe",
   "scientific_name": "Phoradendron and Viscum album",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "berry",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "On apple, poplar and oak across Europe and North America; cut sprigs indoors at Christmas.",
   "tell": "An evergreen ball of forked green stems and paired leathery leaves growing out of a host tree branch, with sticky white berries.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Phoratoxin and viscotoxin. Usually vomiting and diarrhoea; large quantities affect blood pressure and heart rate.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-mistletoe-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Phoradendron Nutt.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 68407,
    "gbif_months": [
     6324,
     6851,
     8565,
     6920,
     4885,
     4092,
     4200,
     3830,
     4190,
     5191,
     5555,
     5773
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 50283,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Holly",
   "scientific_name": "Ilex species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "berry",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Hedges and woodland across Europe and eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Glossy dark evergreen leaves with hard spiny margins and clusters of red berries on female plants only.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Saponins plus mechanically spiny leaves. Drooling, vomiting, head shaking and lip smacking.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ilex L.L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1043006,
    "gbif_months": [
     55693,
     39780,
     73201,
     95524,
     94551,
     83849,
     81790,
     76533,
     69957,
     65501,
     45508,
     38713
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 403501,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Poinsettia",
   "scientific_name": "Euphorbia pulcherrima",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "sap"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The Christmas pot plant of the western world.",
   "tell": "Red, pink or cream \"petals\" are actually bracts around a cluster of tiny yellow true flowers; stems bleed milky sap.",
   "confused_with": "Every December it is blamed for poisonings caused by lilies, holly or chocolate. It is the least dangerous plant on this list.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Mildly irritating latex only. The plant's deadly reputation traces to a single unverified 1919 report and is wrong.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3385,
    "gbif_months": [
     318,
     222,
     230,
     232,
     388,
     273,
     201,
     166,
     153,
     237,
     389,
     425
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 21204,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Chinaberry",
   "scientific_name": "Melia azedarach",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub",
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "berry"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A weedy street tree across the US South, Australia and southern Europe.",
   "tell": "Fast-growing tree with lacy twice-divided leaves, lilac fragrant flowers, and hanging clusters of hard yellow berries that persist bare through winter.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Meliatoxins in the fruit. Vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, seizures; a few berries can kill a small dog.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-a-chinaberry-tree-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Melia azedarach L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 59079,
    "gbif_months": [
     3040,
     3165,
     5180,
     9444,
     8334,
     3758,
     3303,
     3367,
     4240,
     4758,
     3917,
     2980
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 55325,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Virginia creeper",
   "scientific_name": "Parthenocissus quinquefolia",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "berry",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Walls and woodland across eastern North America, widely planted in Europe.",
   "tell": "Climber with five leaflets radiating from one point, brilliant scarlet in autumn, clinging by adhesive pads and carrying blue-black berries.",
   "confused_with": "Poison ivy has three leaflets, not five. Counting leaflets settles it.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Oxalate crystals in the berries. Mouth pain, vomiting; heavy berry meals have caused kidney damage.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-a-virginia-creeper-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 118892,
    "gbif_months": [
     849,
     523,
     2893,
     21072,
     21605,
     17974,
     13983,
     11631,
     12345,
     8237,
     2029,
     855
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 162515,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Wolfsbane",
   "scientific_name": "Aconitum napellus",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Cottage borders and damp mountain meadows in Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "Tall spire of hooded deep-blue flowers, each shaped like a monk's cowl, over glossy deeply cut palmate leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Aconitine is absorbed through skin as well as gut. Numbness, vomiting, then heart arrhythmia. The root is the most concentrated part.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-wolfsbane-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aconitum napellus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 56812,
    "gbif_months": [
     2167,
     220,
     2995,
     984,
     2179,
     4855,
     12390,
     15068,
     4533,
     1333,
     301,
     494
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 9233,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Buckeye and horse chestnut",
   "scientific_name": "Aesculus species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub",
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "seed",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Parks and streets across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "Palmate leaves of five to seven leaflets from one point, upright candle-like flower spikes, and a leathery capsule splitting to reveal a glossy brown nut with a pale eye.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Aesculin. Vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors; the whole nut also obstructs a dog's gut mechanically.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aesculus L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 429086,
    "gbif_months": [
     6538,
     6510,
     16056,
     48062,
     62005,
     32207,
     26859,
     23917,
     20659,
     13551,
     5889,
     3640
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 226651,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Red maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer rubrum",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "fatal"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub",
     "wild"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The most abundant tree in eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Three- to five-lobed leaves with shallow sinuses and a silver underside, red leaf stalks, and red twigs and buds in winter.",
   "confused_with": "Fresh green leaves on the tree are not the hazard. Wilted leaves after a storm or pruning are.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Horses only, and only from wilted or dried leaves: gallic acid destroys red blood cells. A storm-broken branch in a paddock is the classic case.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/maple-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer rubrum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 133130,
    "gbif_months": [
     1402,
     2271,
     5318,
     11145,
     10251,
     10366,
     9561,
     9126,
     10704,
     13862,
     4989,
     3437
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 162550,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Black walnut",
   "scientific_name": "Juglans nigra",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wild",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "seed"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Woodland and old farmyards across eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Long leaves of 15 to 23 toothed leaflets, deeply furrowed dark bark, and a green tennis-ball husk that stains hands black.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Mouldy hulls carry tremorgenic mycotoxins that cause seizures in dogs; shavings used as horse bedding cause laminitis within hours.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-a-walnut-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Juglans nigra L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 39932,
    "gbif_months": [
     736,
     750,
     1149,
     2293,
     3030,
     4630,
     6563,
     5949,
     6335,
     5470,
     1115,
     603
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 85701,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Yucca",
   "scientific_name": "Yucca species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "root"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Dry gardens across the US Southwest, and a common indoor cane plant.",
   "tell": "Rosette of rigid sword leaves ending in a needle point, on a woody trunk, with a tall panicle of creamy bells in summer.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Steroidal saponins. Vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling; sharp leaf tips also cause eye injuries.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Yucca L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 140277,
    "gbif_months": [
     9635,
     10622,
     15166,
     22057,
     15470,
     11867,
     7827,
     8062,
     8417,
     9844,
     9215,
     8806
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 280512,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Boxwood",
   "scientific_name": "Buxus sempervirens",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat",
     "toxic-horse"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Formal hedging and topiary across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "Dense shrub with small opposite oval leaves, glossy above and notched at the tip, giving off a distinctive musty cat-like smell.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Steroidal alkaloids. Vomiting and diarrhoea; horses eating a hedge can develop respiratory failure.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Buxus sempervirens L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 172248,
    "gbif_months": [
     10699,
     6043,
     10186,
     16404,
     22705,
     19100,
     13153,
     9656,
     7724,
     6467,
     4571,
     3750
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 28104,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Morning glory",
   "scientific_name": "Ipomoea species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "serious"
    ],
    "where": [
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "seed"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Fences and trellises worldwide; a serious crop weed in warm regions.",
   "tell": "Twining annual vine with heart-shaped leaves and wide trumpet flowers that open at dawn and collapse by afternoon.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Seeds contain lysergic alkaloids. Large amounts cause hallucination, agitation, tremors and diarrhoea.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ipomoea L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 403563,
    "gbif_months": [
     22938,
     20556,
     25627,
     34812,
     27510,
     24513,
     30821,
     36632,
     45931,
     43022,
     29403,
     21801
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 415588,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Bird of paradise",
   "scientific_name": "Strelitzia reginae",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "seed",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Frost-free gardens in California, Florida and the Mediterranean; indoors elsewhere.",
   "tell": "Paddle-shaped grey-green leaves on long stalks, with an orange and blue flower emerging sideways from a green boat-shaped bract.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Hydrocyanic-type glycosides in the seeds. Vomiting, drowsiness; the leaves are largely inert.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Strelitzia reginae Banks",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1562,
    "gbif_months": [
     82,
     111,
     150,
     261,
     157,
     92,
     94,
     104,
     159,
     149,
     114,
     64
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 19206,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Asparagus fern",
   "scientific_name": "Asparagus densiflorus",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "vine"
    ],
    "part": [
     "berry",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A hanging-basket standard; invasive in Florida, Hawaii and Australia.",
   "tell": "Not a fern — feathery bright-green needle-like cladodes on wiry arching stems, with small red berries.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Sapogenins in the berries cause vomiting and diarrhoea; repeated contact with the foliage causes dermatitis.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1817,
    "gbif_months": [
     138,
     128,
     144,
     177,
     152,
     155,
     123,
     127,
     118,
     132,
     182,
     133
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 13661,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Croton",
   "scientific_name": "Codiaeum variegatum",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": [
     "sap",
     "leaf"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Indoor colour plant everywhere; a landscape shrub in the tropics.",
   "tell": "Thick leathery leaves splashed and veined in yellow, orange and scarlet, in shapes from strap to corkscrew.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Irritant latex. Mouth burning, vomiting, and skin inflammation on handling.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5988,
    "gbif_months": [
     423,
     445,
     499,
     644,
     583,
     469,
     528,
     420,
     416,
     422,
     502,
     375
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48488,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Iris",
   "scientific_name": "Iris species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "bulb"
    ],
    "part": [
     "root"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Borders and pond margins throughout the temperate world.",
   "tell": "Flat fans of sword leaves and six-part flowers with three upright standards and three drooping falls, often bearded.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Irisin and pentacyclic terpenoids concentrated in the rhizome. Drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Marigold",
   "scientific_name": "Tagetes species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "toxic-dog",
     "toxic-cat"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "mild"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": [
     "leaf",
     "flower-part"
    ]
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The default annual bedding plant worldwide.",
   "tell": "Strongly scented pinnate leaves and dense orange or yellow pompons; the smell is what most people notice first.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Mild stomach upset and skin irritation from the foliage. Not a serious poisoning risk.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/botanical-name-of-marigold/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tagetes L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 43339,
    "gbif_months": [
     1370,
     1119,
     1707,
     3716,
     2460,
     1777,
     2593,
     4403,
     6268,
     7598,
     4292,
     1815
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 82823,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Spider plant",
   "scientific_name": "Chlorophytum comosum",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "One of the most widely grown houseplants in the world.",
   "tell": "Listed non-toxic for dogs and cats. It does contain mild opioid-like compounds that make some cats chew it and then vomit — an upset stomach, not poisoning.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3275,
    "gbif_months": [
     240,
     239,
     223,
     248,
     212,
     195,
     144,
     296,
     214,
     271,
     227,
     202
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 19833,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Boston fern",
   "scientific_name": "Nephrolepis exaltata",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Hanging baskets and shaded porches everywhere.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. A genuine fern, unlike asparagus fern, which is toxic — check the label.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1584,
    "gbif_months": [
     126,
     114,
     147,
     186,
     121,
     103,
     116,
     110,
     94,
     115,
     105,
     105
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 11129,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Parlor palm and areca palm",
   "scientific_name": "Chamaedorea elegans, Dypsis lutescens",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The standard indoor palms in Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "True palms are non-toxic. If you want the palm look in a house with a dog, these are the safe substitutes for sago palm.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Chamaedorea elegans Mart.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 714,
    "gbif_months": [
     51,
     75,
     56,
     111,
     65,
     28,
     37,
     35,
     41,
     89,
     49,
     42
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 2861,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Ponytail palm",
   "scientific_name": "Beaucarnea recurvata",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Sold everywhere as an easy sculptural houseplant.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic. A swollen water-storing base topped with a fountain of thin curling leaves — technically an agave relative, not a palm.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Beaucarnea recurvata (K.Koch & Fintelm.) Lem.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 551,
    "gbif_months": [
     36,
     16,
     22,
     71,
     71,
     49,
     34,
     141,
     30,
     23,
     11,
     29
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4645,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Calathea and prayer plant",
   "scientific_name": "Calathea and Maranta species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Popular indoor foliage plants worldwide.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic to dogs and cats. The obvious safe replacement when someone wants patterned foliage without oxalates.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Calathea G.Mey.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 9890,
    "gbif_months": [
     603,
     901,
     1094,
     758,
     784,
     812,
     1025,
     732,
     783,
     727,
     654,
     497
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7244,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Peperomia",
   "scientific_name": "Peperomia species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A large, easy houseplant genus grown all over the world.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic across the genus. Thick succulent-ish leaves, often ridged or watermelon-striped, on short stems.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Peperomia Ruiz & Pav.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 130213,
    "gbif_months": [
     9305,
     11290,
     11709,
     10078,
     10281,
     8970,
     10951,
     10178,
     9752,
     10054,
     10391,
     7881
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 49228,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "African violet",
   "scientific_name": "Saintpaulia ionantha",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Windowsills across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic. A flowering windowsill plant that is safe in a house with cats.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 76,
    "gbif_months": [
     4,
     5,
     10,
     2,
     5,
     7,
     8,
     4,
     2,
     4,
     8,
     5
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Moth orchid",
   "scientific_name": "Phalaenopsis species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "The best-selling flowering houseplant in the world.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic to dogs and cats. The bark chips in the pot are a bigger hazard than the plant, because dogs swallow them.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/orchid-scientific-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Phalaenopsis",
    "rank": "genus",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 32200,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Christmas cactus",
   "scientific_name": "Schlumbergera species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A traditional Christmas plant across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic. Flat segmented stems with scalloped edges and magenta or white flowers at the tips in midwinter.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Schlumbergera",
    "rank": "genus",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 12534,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Haworthia and echeveria",
   "scientific_name": "Haworthia and Echeveria species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Sold in every succulent tray in every garden centre.",
   "tell": "Both genera are listed non-toxic — the safe succulents to keep instead of aloe, jade or kalanchoe.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Haworthia Duval",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 4018,
    "gbif_months": [
     137,
     415,
     181,
     341,
     305,
     136,
     200,
     259,
     384,
     344,
     225,
     174
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Rose",
   "scientific_name": "Rosa species",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Gardens everywhere.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The thorns cause more vet visits than the chemistry ever will.",
   "confused_with": "Rose of Sharon, Christmas rose and desert rose are all unrelated plants, and all three are toxic.",
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/botanical-name-for-rose/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rosa L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2436329,
    "gbif_months": [
     84656,
     24805,
     41354,
     95713,
     240766,
     366433,
     312656,
     264830,
     198936,
     108913,
     43387,
     26872
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10017950,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Sunflower",
   "scientific_name": "Helianthus annuus",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "edible"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Gardens and field crops worldwide.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic. Seeds are safe in small amounts, though the shells are indigestible and can pack the gut.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Helianthus annuus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 82286,
    "gbif_months": [
     864,
     703,
     932,
     3674,
     3943,
     7581,
     13234,
     15089,
     12200,
     5056,
     1802,
     661
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 85074,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Snapdragon, zinnia and petunia",
   "scientific_name": "Antirrhinum, Zinnia, Petunia",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Summer bedding across the temperate world.",
   "tell": "All three are listed non-toxic — the reliable backbone of a bedding scheme in a garden a dog uses.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Antirrhinum L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 90021,
    "gbif_months": [
     3481,
     1925,
     3315,
     6982,
     12440,
     9898,
     6549,
     5623,
     5165,
     3924,
     2384,
     1802
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Basil, rosemary, thyme and sage",
   "scientific_name": "Ocimum, Salvia rosmarinus, Thymus, Salvia officinalis",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edible",
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Kitchen gardens and windowsills everywhere.",
   "tell": "All non-toxic. A herb window box is safe next to a cat, unlike the chive and garlic end of the same shelf.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ocimum L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 26871,
    "gbif_months": [
     1474,
     1656,
     1824,
     2966,
     2054,
     1879,
     1762,
     1760,
     2497,
     2717,
     2453,
     1722
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48425,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "True bamboo",
   "scientific_name": "Bambusoideae",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "shrub",
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Screens and containers worldwide.",
   "tell": "Genuine bamboo is non-toxic. Two impostors are not: lucky bamboo is a Dracaena, and heavenly bamboo (Nandina) is cyanogenic.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/bamboo-latin-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Bambusoideae",
    "rank": "subfamily",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 139737,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Catnip and cat grass",
   "scientific_name": "Nepeta cataria, Avena sativa",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "flower",
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Sold as seed and as ready-grown pots everywhere.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic and actively useful: a cat with something legitimate to chew leaves the oxalate-bearing houseplants alone.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Nepeta cataria L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 39125,
    "gbif_months": [
     1300,
     122,
     390,
     1692,
     2721,
     4160,
     9428,
     5344,
     2861,
     1341,
     399,
     188
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 27394,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Money tree",
   "scientific_name": "Pachira aquatica",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "Offices and homes worldwide.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic. The braided-trunk plant sold as a good-luck gift, not to be confused with the toxic money plant, which is a pothos.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/botanical-name-of-money-plant/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pachira aquatica Aubl.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3439,
    "gbif_months": [
     260,
     291,
     248,
     341,
     332,
     335,
     253,
     214,
     290,
     275,
     266,
     194
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6936,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "plant-toxicity-checker",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/plant-toxicity-checker/",
   "name": "Cast iron plant",
   "scientific_name": "Aspidistra elatior",
   "traits": {
    "status": [
     "safe"
    ],
    "severity": [
     "none"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "part": []
   },
   "size": null,
   "range": "A Victorian parlour plant still sold everywhere.",
   "tell": "Non-toxic and close to indestructible: the sensible choice for a dark corner in a house with a chewer.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aspidistra elatior Blume",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 533,
    "gbif_months": [
     27,
     46,
     53,
     79,
     60,
     19,
     26,
     23,
     33,
     38,
     36,
     22
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4505,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "White oak",
   "scientific_name": "Quercus alba",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-pinn"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "pale-under"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 12–22 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Five to nine deep lobes with rounded tips and no bristles, pale grey-green above and whitish beneath. Rounded lobes place it in the white oak group; bristle tips would make it a red oak.",
   "confused_with": "Every other oak. The bristle test splits the genus in half and is completely reliable.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/identify-oak-tree-by-leaf/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quercus alba L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 47555,
    "gbif_months": [
     1536,
     1341,
     1842,
     4169,
     5184,
     4735,
     4283,
     4511,
     4859,
     5842,
     3647,
     2600
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 83064,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern red oak",
   "scientific_name": "Quercus rubra",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-pinn"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 12–25 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America; widely planted in Europe.",
   "tell": "Seven to eleven shallow lobes, each ending in several sharp bristle tips, with sinuses that cut less than halfway to the midrib. Dull green above, paler below.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/oak-leaf-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quercus rubra L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 226793,
    "gbif_months": [
     7555,
     2902,
     4785,
     9611,
     19977,
     20395,
     22421,
     22056,
     19521,
     19547,
     9911,
     4347
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 123423,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Pin oak",
   "scientific_name": "Quercus palustris",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-pinn"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 8–16 cm",
   "range": "The eastern US Midwest, and the most planted street oak in Europe.",
   "tell": "Five to seven bristle-tipped lobes with very deep U-shaped sinuses cutting almost to the midrib, giving a skeletal outline. Lower branches droop, which nothing else in the genus does.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quercus palustris Münchh.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 147819,
    "gbif_months": [
     539,
     420,
     647,
     1038,
     3194,
     7278,
     9069,
     11486,
     9877,
     10798,
     5765,
     4058
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 31019,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Live oak",
   "scientific_name": "Quercus virginiana",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire",
     "wavy"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen",
     "pale-under"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 5–12 cm",
   "range": "The US coastal South from Virginia to Texas.",
   "tell": "An oak that does not look like one: small, leathery, unlobed evergreen leaves with rolled-under edges and a fuzzy grey underside. Acorns are the only obvious clue it is a Quercus.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quercus virginiana Mill.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9706,
    "gbif_months": [
     819,
     628,
     884,
     1434,
     741,
     576,
     622,
     557,
     743,
     930,
     902,
     751
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 38577,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Sugar maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer saccharum",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-palm"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 8–15 cm",
   "range": "Northeastern North America.",
   "tell": "Five palmate lobes with smooth-sided sinuses that are U-shaped at the base and no small teeth along the lobe edges. The Canadian flag leaf. Opposite arrangement confirms the genus.",
   "confused_with": "Norway maple, whose leaf is wider than long and bleeds milky sap from the cut leaf stalk. Snap the stalk — it is the definitive test.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/maple-leaf-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer saccharum Marshall",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 59528,
    "gbif_months": [
     559,
     632,
     998,
     2437,
     5433,
     5008,
     4967,
     4827,
     5400,
     6659,
     1694,
     573
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 116271,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Red maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer rubrum",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-palm",
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "pale-under"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 6–10 cm",
   "range": "The most abundant tree in eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Three to five shallow lobes with V-shaped notches between them and irregular teeth along the edges, silvery beneath, on red leaf stalks and red twigs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Wilted red maple leaves are lethally toxic to horses. A storm-broken branch in a paddock is an emergency.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer rubrum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 133130,
    "gbif_months": [
     1402,
     2271,
     5318,
     11145,
     10251,
     10366,
     9561,
     9126,
     10704,
     13862,
     4989,
     3437
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 162550,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Silver maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer saccharinum",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-palm",
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "pale-under"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 8–16 cm",
   "range": "Floodplains across eastern North America; widely planted.",
   "tell": "Five deeply cut lobes with narrow sinuses reaching most of the way to the base and a brilliantly silver-white underside that flips up in the wind before rain.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer saccharinum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 95335,
    "gbif_months": [
     367,
     512,
     1251,
     3277,
     5377,
     5949,
     5680,
     6002,
     5836,
     6211,
     2466,
     1609
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 63212,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Norway maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer platanoides",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-palm"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "milky"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 10–18 cm, wider than long",
   "range": "Native to Europe; invasive across the northeastern United States.",
   "tell": "Broad five-lobed leaf, wider than it is long, with each lobe drawn out into a fine bristle point — and a bead of milky sap at the cut end of the leaf stalk. That sap is the identification.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer platanoides L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1034483,
    "gbif_months": [
     15085,
     9000,
     11924,
     45718,
     71198,
     81653,
     76801,
     72058,
     51285,
     38931,
     20763,
     11094
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 145657,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Boxelder",
   "scientific_name": "Acer negundo",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "pinnate"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed",
     "lobed-pinn"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Three to seven leaflets, 5–10 cm each",
   "range": "Riverbanks and waste ground across North America.",
   "tell": "The only maple with compound leaves — three to five coarsely toothed leaflets, opposite on the twig, on green or purple-bloomed twigs. Winged maple seeds confirm it.",
   "confused_with": "Poison ivy, which is also three leaflets. Poison ivy is alternate and a vine; boxelder is opposite and a tree.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer negundo L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 254110,
    "gbif_months": [
     6080,
     3077,
     8891,
     36534,
     38065,
     28883,
     26110,
     23732,
     20103,
     13138,
     4204,
     2829
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "White ash",
   "scientific_name": "Fraxinus americana",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "pinnate"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed",
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "pale-under"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 20–30 cm, five to nine leaflets",
   "range": "Eastern North America, though emerald ash borer has killed most mature trees.",
   "tell": "Opposite compound leaves with five to nine stalked leaflets, whitish beneath, on stout twigs with a leaf scar shaped like a smiling crescent under each bud.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-an-ash-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Fraxinus americana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 17819,
    "gbif_months": [
     395,
     415,
     529,
     1171,
     1822,
     2558,
     2280,
     2192,
     2171,
     1772,
     546,
     279
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 66604,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Shagbark hickory",
   "scientific_name": "Carya ovata",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "pinnate"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 20–35 cm, five leaflets",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Five leaflets — the top three much larger than the bottom two — with tufts of hair on the teeth, alternate on the twig. The bark peels in long loose strips, which is the faster identification from a distance.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/identify-hickory-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 17910,
    "gbif_months": [
     860,
     913,
     1437,
     2247,
     2605,
     1509,
     1523,
     1854,
     1761,
     1535,
     793,
     641
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 41288,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Black walnut",
   "scientific_name": "Juglans nigra",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "pinnate"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 30–60 cm, 15–23 leaflets",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "A very long compound leaf with 15 to 23 narrow toothed leaflets and a terminal leaflet that is often missing or stunted. Crushed leaves smell sharply of walnut husk and stain fingers.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-a-walnut-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Juglans nigra L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 39932,
    "gbif_months": [
     736,
     750,
     1149,
     2293,
     3030,
     4630,
     6563,
     5949,
     6335,
     5470,
     1115,
     603
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 85701,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Paper birch",
   "scientific_name": "Betula papyrifera",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "triangle",
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 5–10 cm",
   "range": "Across the boreal and northern United States.",
   "tell": "Small oval-to-triangular leaves with doubly toothed edges — large teeth with smaller teeth on them — on slender twigs, over chalk-white bark that peels in horizontal papery sheets.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/birch-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Betula papyrifera Marshall",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28894,
    "gbif_months": [
     1250,
     1349,
     1760,
     3031,
     3067,
     3154,
     3505,
     3447,
     2798,
     2335,
     1366,
     993
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 51283,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "American beech",
   "scientific_name": "Fagus grandifolia",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 6–13 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Neat oval leaves with straight parallel veins running to a small sharp tooth at the end of each one, glossy above. Dead leaves hang on all winter, pale and papery.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 90676,
    "gbif_months": [
     3905,
     3891,
     5814,
     11642,
     11894,
     8566,
     7339,
     7562,
     9188,
     10558,
     6251,
     3715
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 123876,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "American elm",
   "scientific_name": "Ulmus americana",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 7–15 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, much reduced by Dutch elm disease.",
   "tell": "Doubly toothed oval leaf with a strikingly lopsided base — one side of the blade starts noticeably lower on the stalk than the other. Rough as sandpaper on top.",
   "confused_with": "Hackberry, which shares the asymmetric base but has three main veins radiating from it and warty bark.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/elm-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ulmus americana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 45426,
    "gbif_months": [
     441,
     841,
     1727,
     3807,
     4017,
     4935,
     3924,
     3810,
     3947,
     3602,
     1760,
     953
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 78701,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Hackberry",
   "scientific_name": "Celtis occidentalis",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance",
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 6–12 cm",
   "range": "Central and eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Lopsided base like an elm, but with three prominent veins fanning out from it and teeth only on the upper two-thirds of the blade. The bark is covered in corky warts.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/hackberry-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Celtis occidentalis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28574,
    "gbif_months": [
     604,
     644,
     1022,
     2341,
     3300,
     3317,
     3194,
     2988,
     3047,
     2766,
     1180,
     729
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 47957,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "American sycamore",
   "scientific_name": "Platanus occidentalis",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-palm",
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 10–25 cm",
   "range": "Riverbanks across eastern North America; London plane is the street version.",
   "tell": "Very large three- to five-lobed leaf, broader than long, with a hollow leaf stalk base that caps the bud. Camouflage-patterned bark flaking to white makes the tree unmistakable in winter.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/sycamore-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Platanus occidentalis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 50035,
    "gbif_months": [
     2023,
     2247,
     3579,
     6838,
     5013,
     4385,
     4265,
     4384,
     5003,
     5790,
     3911,
     2338
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 96662,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Tulip tree",
   "scientific_name": "Liriodendron tulipifera",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-palm"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 8–20 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Four lobes and a flat, notched top as if the tip had been cut off with scissors. No other North American tree has that outline, and it is decisive on its own.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Liriodendron tulipifera L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 77205,
    "gbif_months": [
     1020,
     1117,
     2078,
     12192,
     15630,
     9883,
     7286,
     7089,
     7634,
     6462,
     2811,
     1203
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 105618,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Sweetgum",
   "scientific_name": "Liquidambar styraciflua",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "lobed-palm",
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 10–18 cm",
   "range": "The US Southeast, north to Connecticut; planted worldwide.",
   "tell": "A five-pointed star with finely toothed edges, smelling resinous when crushed. Alternate arrangement separates it from maples, which are opposite and never star-shaped.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Liquidambar styraciflua L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 97409,
    "gbif_months": [
     2238,
     2351,
     4816,
     12058,
     8334,
     6921,
     6622,
     6302,
     7666,
     9451,
     6304,
     4087
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 116114,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "American basswood",
   "scientific_name": "Tilia americana",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "heart"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 10–20 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America; the European lime is its close relative.",
   "tell": "Large heart-shaped leaf with a strongly lopsided base and coarse sharp teeth. Flowers hang from a strap-like pale bract, which is unique among northern trees.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tilia americana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 59524,
    "gbif_months": [
     477,
     557,
     737,
     1905,
     5680,
     6667,
     6699,
     5900,
     5128,
     4982,
     2367,
     1098
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 68625,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern cottonwood",
   "scientific_name": "Populus deltoides",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "triangle"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 7–15 cm",
   "range": "Riverbanks across central and eastern North America.",
   "tell": "A broad triangle with coarse curved teeth on a flattened leaf stalk, so the leaves flutter and rattle in the slightest breeze.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/cottonwood-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 36424,
    "gbif_months": [
     779,
     615,
     1317,
     4219,
     4938,
     5507,
     4291,
     4160,
     4291,
     3248,
     1423,
     859
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 64817,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Quaking aspen",
   "scientific_name": "Populus tremuloides",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval",
     "heart"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 4–8 cm",
   "range": "The most widely distributed tree in North America.",
   "tell": "Small round leaves with fine teeth on a flattened stalk, trembling constantly, over smooth greenish-white bark. Grows in clonal stands where every tree turns colour on the same day.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Populus tremuloides Michx.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 61907,
    "gbif_months": [
     736,
     754,
     1631,
     3984,
     8307,
     11332,
     10880,
     8599,
     7179,
     6196,
     1307,
     677
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 80099,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Black willow",
   "scientific_name": "Salix nigra",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 6–15 cm, very narrow",
   "range": "Stream and pond margins across North America.",
   "tell": "Long, narrow, finely toothed leaves that taper to a fine point at both ends, often slightly curved, on flexible twigs that snap cleanly at the base.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/willow-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Salix nigra Marshall",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 16544,
    "gbif_months": [
     182,
     649,
     793,
     3129,
     2602,
     1847,
     1416,
     1282,
     1539,
     1420,
     893,
     433
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 31183,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Black cherry",
   "scientific_name": "Prunus serotina",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance",
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 6–14 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America; invasive in Europe.",
   "tell": "Glossy narrow leaf with incurved blunt teeth, a pair of small red glands where the blade meets the stalk, and a line of rusty hairs along the midrib underneath. Crushed twigs smell of almonds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Prunus serotina Ehrh.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 288858,
    "gbif_months": [
     10312,
     2382,
     6351,
     26782,
     49091,
     39387,
     41535,
     40978,
     30266,
     18043,
     7854,
     2311
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 135083,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Flowering dogwood",
   "scientific_name": "Cornus florida",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire",
     "wavy"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 7–15 cm",
   "range": "The eastern United States.",
   "tell": "Opposite oval leaves with smooth edges and veins that curve forward to follow the leaf outline instead of running to the edge. Tear one gently and fine white latex threads stretch across the break.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/dogwood-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cornus florida L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 42748,
    "gbif_months": [
     286,
     410,
     3695,
     15253,
     7546,
     1633,
     1245,
     1644,
     3675,
     3371,
     1186,
     400
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 70421,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Southern magnolia",
   "scientific_name": "Magnolia grandiflora",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 12–25 cm",
   "range": "The US Southeast; planted worldwide in mild climates.",
   "tell": "Thick, leathery, glossy evergreen leaves with a rusty felt underside and completely smooth edges. Huge cream flowers in early summer.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/magnolia-scientific-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Magnolia grandiflora L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 19648,
    "gbif_months": [
     1070,
     1277,
     1709,
     3081,
     2498,
     1549,
     1144,
     1248,
     1834,
     1727,
     1224,
     903
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 68742,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern catalpa",
   "scientific_name": "Catalpa speciosa",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "whorled",
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "heart"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 20–30 cm",
   "range": "Native to a small midwestern range, planted across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Enormous heart-shaped leaves in whorls of three, with smooth edges, followed by long bean-like pods that hang all winter. The pods make it identifiable at a hundred metres.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9623,
    "gbif_months": [
     86,
     65,
     113,
     287,
     1537,
     2800,
     1206,
     967,
     1103,
     941,
     178,
     57
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 33647,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Black locust",
   "scientific_name": "Robinia pseudoacacia",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "pinnate"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "thorns"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 20–35 cm, 7–19 leaflets",
   "range": "Native to the Appalachians, naturalised across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Compound leaves of rounded blue-green leaflets with smooth edges, and a pair of short sharp thorns at the base of each leaf stalk. Hanging white pea flowers in May.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Robinia pseudoacacia L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 496561,
    "gbif_months": [
     16245,
     7172,
     12225,
     26624,
     58438,
     56319,
     53753,
     47350,
     40205,
     29882,
     11509,
     7243
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 137923,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Honey locust",
   "scientific_name": "Gleditsia triacanthos",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "bipinnate",
     "pinnate"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed",
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "thorns"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 15–20 cm, leaflets 1–3 cm",
   "range": "Central North America; the thornless cultivar is a standard street tree.",
   "tell": "Feathery twice-compound leaves of many tiny leaflets, and on wild trees vicious branched thorns up to 20 cm long growing straight out of the trunk.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Gleditsia triacanthos L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 139443,
    "gbif_months": [
     1971,
     2054,
     2077,
     4797,
     6134,
     4287,
     5343,
     3877,
     4362,
     4006,
     2356,
     1972
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 77965,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Red mulberry",
   "scientific_name": "Morus rubra",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed",
     "lobed-palm"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "heart",
     "mitten"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "milky"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 8–18 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America; white mulberry is naturalised everywhere.",
   "tell": "The leaves on one tree come in three shapes — unlobed heart, mitten with one lobe, and a three-lobed glove — all coarsely toothed, all bleeding milky sap when torn.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/mulberry-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Morus rubra L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9368,
    "gbif_months": [
     22,
     41,
     232,
     1350,
     1728,
     1469,
     1131,
     869,
     899,
     888,
     311,
     60
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 23880,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Osage orange",
   "scientific_name": "Maclura pomifera",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "oval",
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "milky",
     "thorns"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 7–13 cm",
   "range": "Native to Texas and Oklahoma, planted as hedgerow across the Midwest.",
   "tell": "Glossy pointed oval leaves with smooth edges, milky sap, and a stout straight thorn at each node. The grapefruit-sized green brain-like fruit removes all doubt.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/identifying-osage-orange-trees/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Maclura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) C.K.Schneid.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28756,
    "gbif_months": [
     939,
     554,
     524,
     2025,
     1778,
     1750,
     2281,
     2544,
     4019,
     5867,
     4195,
     1982
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 36925,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Sassafras",
   "scientific_name": "Sassafras albidum",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "mitten"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Leaf 8–16 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Three leaf shapes on the same twig — plain oval, a mitten with one thumb, and a three-lobed glove — all with smooth edges, and all smelling strongly of root beer when crushed.",
   "confused_with": "Mulberry has the same shape trio, but its edges are toothed and its sap is milky. Sassafras edges are smooth and the smell is decisive.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 62820,
    "gbif_months": [
     352,
     392,
     1519,
     7768,
     10442,
     10643,
     7953,
     7052,
     7193,
     7140,
     1655,
     428
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 75951,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern redbud",
   "scientific_name": "Cercis canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "heart"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 7–12 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Almost perfectly heart-shaped leaves with completely smooth edges and a papery texture, on zigzag twigs. Magenta pea flowers burst directly from the bare branches in spring.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cercis canadensis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 64693,
    "gbif_months": [
     324,
     1342,
     9584,
     16589,
     8148,
     5637,
     4571,
     4266,
     5570,
     4926,
     2180,
     774
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 111805,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Horse chestnut and buckeye",
   "scientific_name": "Aesculus species",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "palmate-comp"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "toothed"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Five to seven leaflets, 10–25 cm each",
   "range": "Europe for horse chestnut; central and eastern North America for buckeyes.",
   "tell": "Five to seven large toothed leaflets radiating from a single point like fingers, opposite on the twig. No other common tree has palmately compound leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The nuts are toxic to dogs, horses and people, and are eaten every autumn by children who mistake them for sweet chestnuts.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aesculus L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 429086,
    "gbif_months": [
     6538,
     6510,
     16056,
     48062,
     62005,
     32207,
     26859,
     23917,
     20659,
     13551,
     5889,
     3640
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 226651,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Ginkgo",
   "scientific_name": "Ginkgo biloba",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate",
     "clustered"
    ],
    "type": [
     "simple"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "wavy",
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "fan"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Leaf 5–8 cm wide",
   "range": "A Chinese relict, now one of the most planted street trees in the world.",
   "tell": "A flat fan with veins that fork repeatedly and never form a network, usually notched in the middle. Every leaf on the tree turns butter yellow and drops within a day or two.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ginkgo biloba L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 60681,
    "gbif_months": [
     248,
     202,
     258,
     563,
     1185,
     2916,
     3909,
     4462,
     3678,
     4788,
     2582,
     1214
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 46232,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern white pine",
   "scientific_name": "Pinus strobus",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "clustered"
    ],
    "type": [
     "needles"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Needles 7–13 cm",
   "range": "Northeastern North America.",
   "tell": "Soft flexible blue-green needles in bundles of five — one for each letter of \"white\" — with long slender cones. Count the needles per bundle and the pine group follows.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/pine-tree-identification-by-bark/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pinus strobus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 115039,
    "gbif_months": [
     5550,
     5186,
     8148,
     14633,
     11969,
     10495,
     10001,
     10052,
     10469,
     9647,
     6130,
     4834
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 140642,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Red pine and Scots pine",
   "scientific_name": "Pinus resinosa, P. sylvestris",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "clustered"
    ],
    "type": [
     "needles"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Needles 5–16 cm",
   "range": "Northern North America and northern Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Needles in bundles of two. Red pine needles are long and snap cleanly when bent; Scots pine needles are short, twisted and blue-green, over orange upper bark.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pinus resinosa Aiton",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12319,
    "gbif_months": [
     505,
     508,
     730,
     1248,
     1314,
     1280,
     1468,
     1846,
     1311,
     998,
     533,
     450
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 26645,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Norway spruce",
   "scientific_name": "Picea abies",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "needles"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Needles 1–2.5 cm",
   "range": "Native to Europe, planted across northern North America.",
   "tell": "Stiff four-sided needles attached singly to little woody pegs, so a stripped twig feels rough and warty. Roll a needle between finger and thumb — a spruce needle rolls, a fir needle will not.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1007278,
    "gbif_months": [
     40093,
     12138,
     18829,
     32705,
     62942,
     122778,
     164193,
     137578,
     85662,
     47833,
     21563,
     11936
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 91765,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Balsam fir",
   "scientific_name": "Abies balsamea",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "needles"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen",
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Needles 1.5–3 cm",
   "range": "Boreal North America.",
   "tell": "Flat needles with two white stripes underneath, attached by a suction-cup base that leaves a smooth round scar. Cones stand upright on the branch and disintegrate rather than falling whole.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 39062,
    "gbif_months": [
     1435,
     1173,
     1784,
     3613,
     4182,
     5205,
     5737,
     5539,
     4323,
     3227,
     1474,
     1056
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48080,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern hemlock",
   "scientific_name": "Tsuga canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "needles"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Needles 1–2 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Short flat needles of unequal length in two flat rows, each on a tiny stalk, with two white bands beneath — and a row of small needles lying upside down along the top of the twig.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 64784,
    "gbif_months": [
     3081,
     3306,
     4787,
     8226,
     6926,
     6125,
     5811,
     5609,
     6104,
     5320,
     3623,
     3071
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 82747,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern redcedar and arborvitae",
   "scientific_name": "Juniperus virginiana, Thuja occidentalis",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "opposite"
    ],
    "type": [
     "scales"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen",
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Sprays 5–15 cm",
   "range": "Old fields and limestone barrens across eastern North America.",
   "tell": "No needles at all — tiny overlapping scales pressed flat against flattened green sprays, aromatic when crushed. Redcedar carries blue berry-like cones; arborvitae carries small woody ones.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-a-cedar-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Juniperus virginiana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 71990,
    "gbif_months": [
     3899,
     4336,
     6482,
     10389,
     6561,
     5556,
     5134,
     5127,
     5911,
     7365,
     5474,
     4321
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 122953,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Bald cypress",
   "scientific_name": "Taxodium distichum",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "needles"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Needles 1–2 cm in flat sprays",
   "range": "Southern US swamps and river bottoms.",
   "tell": "Soft feathery needles in two flat rows that turn rust orange and fall in autumn — a deciduous conifer. Woody \"knees\" rise out of the water around the trunk.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 43257,
    "gbif_months": [
     1497,
     919,
     1692,
     4154,
     4108,
     4590,
     4724,
     4811,
     4443,
     4921,
     2949,
     1332
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 64368,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "leaf-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/leaf-identifier/",
   "name": "Douglas fir",
   "scientific_name": "Pseudotsuga menziesii",
   "traits": {
    "arrange": [
     "alternate"
    ],
    "type": [
     "needles"
    ],
    "margin": [
     "entire"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lance"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "evergreen",
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Needles 2–3.5 cm",
   "range": "Western North America; planted for timber across Europe.",
   "tell": "Soft flat needles radiating all around the twig from small raised bases, with pointed reddish buds like a beech. The cone settles it: three-pointed bracts stick out between the scales like the back legs and tail of a mouse.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-a-douglas-fir/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 164367,
    "gbif_months": [
     9030,
     6400,
     10554,
     13327,
     14769,
     14691,
     14782,
     13635,
     11361,
     8625,
     5872,
     5366
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 89698,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "American beech",
   "scientific_name": "Fagus grandifolia",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "leaves-held"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Smooth at any age",
   "range": "Eastern North America; European beech is nearly identical.",
   "tell": "Smooth pale silver-grey like elephant skin, from sapling to veteran — the only large eastern tree that never develops furrows. Which is why every beech in a public park is carved with initials.",
   "confused_with": "Young red maple and young hornbeam. Beech holds pale papery dead leaves through the winter and carries long slender cigar-shaped buds.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 90676,
    "gbif_months": [
     3905,
     3891,
     5814,
     11642,
     11894,
     8566,
     7339,
     7562,
     9188,
     10558,
     6251,
     3715
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 123876,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Paper birch",
   "scientific_name": "Betula papyrifera",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "papery"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "lenticels"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Peels in sheets from about 15 cm diameter",
   "range": "Boreal and northern North America.",
   "tell": "Chalk-white bark peeling in horizontal papery sheets, marked with dark horizontal dashes, and orange beneath the peel. The base of an old tree turns black and furrowed.",
   "confused_with": "Grey birch, which is whiter but does not peel and carries black triangular patches under each branch.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/birch-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Betula papyrifera Marshall",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28894,
    "gbif_months": [
     1250,
     1349,
     1760,
     3031,
     3067,
     3154,
     3505,
     3447,
     2798,
     2335,
     1366,
     993
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 51283,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "River birch",
   "scientific_name": "Betula nigra",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "papery",
     "shaggy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "lenticels"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Ragged from an early age",
   "range": "River bottoms of the eastern US; widely planted in gardens.",
   "tell": "Salmon-pink to cinnamon bark curling off in ragged papery sheets that stay attached, giving a permanently shaggy trunk. The only birch with warm colouring.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Betula nigra L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9412,
    "gbif_months": [
     342,
     360,
     602,
     1417,
     1152,
     827,
     911,
     836,
     905,
     962,
     487,
     399
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 31775,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Shagbark hickory",
   "scientific_name": "Carya ovata",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "shaggy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Strips 20–60 cm long",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Long grey plates attached in the middle and curling away at both ends, so the whole trunk looks like it is coming apart. Unmistakable and unique among eastern hardwoods.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/identify-hickory-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 17910,
    "gbif_months": [
     860,
     913,
     1437,
     2247,
     2605,
     1509,
     1523,
     1854,
     1761,
     1535,
     793,
     641
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 41288,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "White oak",
   "scientific_name": "Quercus alba",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates",
     "shallow"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "white"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Plates 5–15 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Pale ash-grey bark breaking into loose vertical plates and blocks with a chalky, slightly scaly surface. Lighter than any other large oak.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quercus alba L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 47555,
    "gbif_months": [
     1536,
     1341,
     1842,
     4169,
     5184,
     4735,
     4283,
     4511,
     4859,
     5842,
     3647,
     2600
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 83064,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern red oak",
   "scientific_name": "Quercus rubra",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep",
     "shallow"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "dark"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "braided"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Ridges 2–5 cm wide",
   "range": "Eastern North America; widely planted in Europe.",
   "tell": "Dark grey with flat-topped ridges separated by shallow furrows, and — the diagnostic feature — smooth, shiny, pale grey stripes running down the ridge tops like ski trails.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quercus rubra L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 226793,
    "gbif_months": [
     7555,
     2902,
     4785,
     9611,
     19977,
     20395,
     22421,
     22056,
     19521,
     19547,
     9911,
     4347
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 123423,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Black oak",
   "scientific_name": "Quercus velutina",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep",
     "plates"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "dark"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "orange-inner"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Very thick, blocky",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Nearly black, deeply furrowed and blocky. Cut into the outer bark with a knife and the inner bark is bright orange-yellow — no other oak does that, and it was once harvested as a dye.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quercus velutina Lam.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 13233,
    "gbif_months": [
     367,
     216,
     522,
     639,
     1528,
     1700,
     1450,
     1564,
     1800,
     1949,
     826,
     382
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 34173,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Sycamore and London plane",
   "scientific_name": "Platanus occidentalis, P. × acerifolia",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates",
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "mottled"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "camo"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Patches 5–20 cm",
   "range": "River bottoms of eastern North America; London plane on city streets worldwide.",
   "tell": "Flakes off in irregular plates leaving a camouflage of cream, olive and tan, with the upper trunk and branches almost pure white. Visible from a kilometre away in winter.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/sycamore-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Platanus occidentalis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 50035,
    "gbif_months": [
     2023,
     2247,
     3579,
     6838,
     5013,
     4385,
     4265,
     4384,
     5003,
     5790,
     3911,
     2338
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 96662,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Black cherry",
   "scientific_name": "Prunus serotina",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates",
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "dark"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "lenticels"
    ],
    "other": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Plates 1–3 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America; invasive in Europe.",
   "tell": "Young trunks are smooth dark red-brown with conspicuous horizontal lines; mature bark breaks into small curled dark plates often described as burnt cornflakes. Scratched twigs smell of bitter almond.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Prunus serotina Ehrh.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 288858,
    "gbif_months": [
     10312,
     2382,
     6351,
     26782,
     49091,
     39387,
     41535,
     40978,
     30266,
     18043,
     7854,
     2311
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 135083,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Sugar maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer saccharum",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates",
     "shallow"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Plates 5–20 cm",
   "range": "Northeastern North America.",
   "tell": "Grey-brown bark forming long irregular vertical plates that lift along one edge, giving a slightly shaggy but firmly attached look. Younger trunks are smooth and grey.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer saccharum Marshall",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 59528,
    "gbif_months": [
     559,
     632,
     998,
     2437,
     5433,
     5008,
     4967,
     4827,
     5400,
     6659,
     1694,
     573
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 116271,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Red maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer rubrum",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth",
     "plates"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Smooth young, plated old",
   "range": "The most abundant tree in eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Smooth pale grey when young — often mistaken for beech — breaking into long thin flaking plates with age. Red buds and red twigs in winter are the reliable confirmation.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer rubrum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 133130,
    "gbif_months": [
     1402,
     2271,
     5318,
     11145,
     10251,
     10366,
     9561,
     9126,
     10704,
     13862,
     4989,
     3437
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 162550,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Silver maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer saccharinum",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "shaggy",
     "plates"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Loose flakes",
   "range": "Floodplains across eastern North America; a common street tree.",
   "tell": "Silvery-grey bark that peels into long loose flakes curling away at both ends, giving a scruffy trunk. Softer and shaggier than sugar maple at the same age.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer saccharinum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 95335,
    "gbif_months": [
     367,
     512,
     1251,
     3277,
     5377,
     5949,
     5680,
     6002,
     5836,
     6211,
     2466,
     1609
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 63212,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "White ash",
   "scientific_name": "Fraxinus americana",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "diamond"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Ridges 1–2 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America; devastated by emerald ash borer.",
   "tell": "An interlacing net of narrow ridges forming regular diamonds — the most geometric bark of any eastern hardwood. Dead and dying ashes now often show D-shaped exit holes and blonde woodpecker flecking.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-an-ash-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Fraxinus americana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 17819,
    "gbif_months": [
     395,
     415,
     529,
     1171,
     1822,
     2558,
     2280,
     2192,
     2171,
     1772,
     546,
     279
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 66604,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "American elm",
   "scientific_name": "Ulmus americana",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "braided"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Ridges 1–3 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, much reduced by disease.",
   "tell": "Deep furrows between flat scaly ridges, and a cut through the bark shows alternating light and dark layers like a slice of layer cake. That cross-section is diagnostic.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/elm-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ulmus americana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 45426,
    "gbif_months": [
     441,
     841,
     1727,
     3807,
     4017,
     4935,
     3924,
     3810,
     3947,
     3602,
     1760,
     953
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 78701,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Hackberry",
   "scientific_name": "Celtis occidentalis",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "warty"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "burls"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Warts 1–4 cm",
   "range": "Central and eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Pale grey and covered in irregular corky warts and knobbly ridges like a bad rash. No other common tree has it, so hackberry is one of the easiest winter identifications there is.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/hackberry-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Celtis occidentalis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28574,
    "gbif_months": [
     604,
     644,
     1022,
     2341,
     3300,
     3317,
     3194,
     2988,
     3047,
     2766,
     1180,
     729
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 47957,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Cottonwood",
   "scientific_name": "Populus deltoides",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Furrows up to 5 cm deep",
   "range": "River bottoms across central and eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Massive vertical ridges and very deep furrows on old trees, pale ashy grey, with the trunk often over a metre thick. Young bark is smooth and yellow-green.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/cottonwood-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 36424,
    "gbif_months": [
     779,
     615,
     1317,
     4219,
     4938,
     5507,
     4291,
     4160,
     4291,
     3248,
     1423,
     859
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 64817,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Quaking aspen",
   "scientific_name": "Populus tremuloides",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "green"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Smooth except at the base",
   "range": "The most widely distributed tree in North America.",
   "tell": "Smooth greenish-white bark with a chalky bloom that rubs off on your hand, marked with black scars where branches fell, and dark furrowed only at the very base of old stems.",
   "confused_with": "Paper birch, which is whiter and peels. Aspen bark does not peel and has a green cast under the powder.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Populus tremuloides Michx.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 61907,
    "gbif_months": [
     736,
     754,
     1631,
     3984,
     8307,
     11332,
     10880,
     8599,
     7179,
     6196,
     1307,
     677
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 80099,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern white pine",
   "scientific_name": "Pinus strobus",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep",
     "plates"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "resin"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Blocks 5–15 cm",
   "range": "Northeastern North America.",
   "tell": "Smooth grey-green with resin blisters when young; on old trees, thick dark rectangular blocks separated by deep furrows, often with pitch bleeding from wounds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/pine-tree-identification-by-bark/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pinus strobus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 115039,
    "gbif_months": [
     5550,
     5186,
     8148,
     14633,
     11969,
     10495,
     10001,
     10052,
     10469,
     9647,
     6130,
     4834
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 140642,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Scots pine",
   "scientific_name": "Pinus sylvestris",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates",
     "papery"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "resin"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Upper trunk plates 5–20 cm",
   "range": "Native across Eurasia; widely planted in North America.",
   "tell": "The upper trunk and branches are bright orange-red with thin flaking papery plates, while the base is dark and blocky. That two-tone trunk identifies it at a distance.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pinus sylvestris L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1187370,
    "gbif_months": [
     39828,
     20725,
     32081,
     50866,
     84963,
     122660,
     145204,
     125081,
     79904,
     47822,
     23839,
     18150
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 120788,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Ponderosa pine",
   "scientific_name": "Pinus ponderosa",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Plates 10–30 cm",
   "range": "Western North America.",
   "tell": "Huge cinnamon-orange jigsaw plates separated by deep black fissures on mature trees, and the furrows smell distinctly of vanilla or butterscotch on a warm day.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C.Lawson",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 67650,
    "gbif_months": [
     2263,
     1826,
     3594,
     6237,
     7590,
     9172,
     10625,
     7009,
     5695,
     5432,
     2139,
     2436
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 39339,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern hemlock",
   "scientific_name": "Tsuga canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "red"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "orange-inner"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Ridges 3–8 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Thick cinnamon-brown bark with broad flat-topped ridges and deep furrows, and a purple-red flush inside a fresh cut. Historically stripped for tanning leather.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 64784,
    "gbif_months": [
     3081,
     3306,
     4787,
     8226,
     6926,
     6125,
     5811,
     5609,
     6104,
     5320,
     3623,
     3071
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 82747,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern redcedar",
   "scientific_name": "Juniperus virginiana",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "shaggy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fibrous strips",
   "range": "Old fields and fencerows across eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Reddish-brown bark peeling in long fibrous vertical strips that shred between your fingers, over a fluted trunk, smelling strongly of cedar when scratched.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-a-cedar-tree/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Juniperus virginiana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 71990,
    "gbif_months": [
     3899,
     4336,
     6482,
     10389,
     6561,
     5556,
     5134,
     5127,
     5911,
     7365,
     5474,
     4321
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 122953,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Black locust",
   "scientific_name": "Robinia pseudoacacia",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "dark",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "braided"
    ],
    "other": [
     "winter-fruit"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Ridges 2–4 cm",
   "range": "Native to the Appalachians, naturalised across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Deeply furrowed dark bark with ridges that cross and interweave into a rope or braid pattern, and flat brown seed pods hanging on through winter.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Robinia pseudoacacia L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 496561,
    "gbif_months": [
     16245,
     7172,
     12225,
     26624,
     58438,
     56319,
     53753,
     47350,
     40205,
     29882,
     11509,
     7243
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 137923,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Honey locust",
   "scientific_name": "Gleditsia triacanthos",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates",
     "shallow"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "thorns",
     "winter-fruit"
    ],
    "other": [
     "winter-fruit"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Thorns to 20 cm",
   "range": "Central North America; the thornless cultivar is a common street tree.",
   "tell": "On a wild tree, clusters of branched red-brown thorns growing straight out of the trunk — nothing else in North America does that. Long twisted brown pods litter the ground beneath.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The trunk thorns are long, sharp and easily overlooked when you lean on the tree.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Gleditsia triacanthos L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 139443,
    "gbif_months": [
     1971,
     2054,
     2077,
     4797,
     6134,
     4287,
     5343,
     3877,
     4362,
     4006,
     2356,
     1972
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 77965,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Sweetgum",
   "scientific_name": "Liquidambar styraciflua",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "winter-fruit"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Ridges 1–2 cm",
   "range": "The US Southeast; planted worldwide.",
   "tell": "Deeply furrowed grey-brown bark, and often corky wings running along the twigs. The spiky brown gumball fruits scattered under the tree confirm it instantly.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Liquidambar styraciflua L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 97409,
    "gbif_months": [
     2238,
     2351,
     4816,
     12058,
     8334,
     6921,
     6622,
     6302,
     7666,
     9451,
     6304,
     4087
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 116114,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Sassafras",
   "scientific_name": "Sassafras albidum",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "aroma"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Ridges 1–3 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Red-brown deeply furrowed bark with a distinctly cinnamon cast, and twigs that are bright green and smell of root beer when scratched. The smell is decisive.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 62820,
    "gbif_months": [
     352,
     392,
     1519,
     7768,
     10442,
     10643,
     7953,
     7052,
     7193,
     7140,
     1655,
     428
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 75951,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Tulip tree",
   "scientific_name": "Liriodendron tulipifera",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep",
     "shallow"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "diamond"
    ],
    "other": [
     "winter-fruit"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Ridges 1–2 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Grey bark with a fine interlacing diamond pattern on a very straight cylindrical trunk that stays branchless for many metres. Dry cone-like seed heads stand upright on the twigs all winter.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Liriodendron tulipifera L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 77205,
    "gbif_months": [
     1020,
     1117,
     2078,
     12192,
     15630,
     9883,
     7286,
     7089,
     7634,
     6462,
     2811,
     1203
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 105618,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Persimmon",
   "scientific_name": "Diospyros virginiana",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "plates",
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "dark"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Blocks 2–4 cm",
   "range": "The US Southeast and Midwest.",
   "tell": "Very dark grey-black bark broken into small, thick, regular square blocks — the standard description is alligator hide, and no other eastern tree matches it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Diospyros virginiana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 32442,
    "gbif_months": [
     285,
     315,
     642,
     3190,
     4884,
     4082,
     3833,
     3756,
     5130,
     4101,
     1512,
     508
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 50429,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Osage orange",
   "scientific_name": "Maclura pomifera",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep",
     "shaggy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "braided",
     "thorns"
    ],
    "other": [
     "orange-inner"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Ridges 2–5 cm",
   "range": "Hedgerows across the US Midwest.",
   "tell": "Orange-brown ridged bark with a stringy shaggy surface and stout straight thorns at the nodes. A cut shows brilliant orange-yellow wood beneath.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/identifying-osage-orange-trees/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Maclura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) C.K.Schneid.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28756,
    "gbif_months": [
     939,
     554,
     524,
     2025,
     1778,
     1750,
     2281,
     2544,
     4019,
     5867,
     4195,
     1982
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 36925,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "American sycamore maple and Norway maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer pseudoplatanus, A. platanoides",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "shallow",
     "plates"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Fine shallow ridges",
   "range": "Native to Europe; both naturalised in North America.",
   "tell": "Norway maple has fine regular shallow furrows in a close vertical net over grey-brown bark; sycamore maple flakes into small squarish plates showing orange beneath.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer pseudoplatanus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1327995,
    "gbif_months": [
     43815,
     12789,
     24579,
     81896,
     147356,
     175603,
     178348,
     155551,
     110132,
     64849,
     22514,
     13649
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 90488,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Douglas fir",
   "scientific_name": "Pseudotsuga menziesii",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "dark"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": [
     "resin"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Furrows up to 30 cm deep on veterans",
   "range": "Western North America.",
   "tell": "Smooth grey with resin blisters when young, becoming extraordinarily thick corky bark with deep vertical furrows and cinnamon layers visible inside — an adaptation that lets it survive ground fire.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/how-to-identify-a-douglas-fir/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 164367,
    "gbif_months": [
     9030,
     6400,
     10554,
     13327,
     14769,
     14691,
     14782,
     13635,
     11361,
     8625,
     5872,
     5366
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 89698,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Coast redwood and giant sequoia",
   "scientific_name": "Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron giganteum",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "deep",
     "shaggy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Bark 15–60 cm thick",
   "range": "Coastal and Sierra California.",
   "tell": "Fibrous cinnamon-red bark up to two feet thick, soft enough to punch, deeply furrowed and fire-resistant. Nothing else in North America has bark on that scale.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 25128,
    "gbif_months": [
     1373,
     1454,
     1975,
     2360,
     2496,
     2188,
     2400,
     2063,
     2252,
     1841,
     1588,
     1370
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 41597,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Striped maple",
   "scientific_name": "Acer pensylvanicum",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Understory tree, trunk under 20 cm",
   "range": "Northeastern North America.",
   "tell": "Smooth green bark with vertical white stripes running down it, on a small understory tree. Also called moosewood. The green-and-white striping is unique.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acer pensylvanicum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 33473,
    "gbif_months": [
     290,
     321,
     569,
     2389,
     6935,
     6231,
     5282,
     4571,
     3373,
     2666,
     363,
     259
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 43412,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "tree-bark-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/tree-bark-identifier/",
   "name": "Ironwood and musclewood",
   "scientific_name": "Carpinus caroliniana",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "none"
    ],
    "other": []
   },
   "size": "Small understory tree",
   "range": "Eastern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "Smooth blue-grey bark over a fluted, sinewy trunk that looks like a flexed forearm. The ripples are in the wood, not the bark, and no other tree has them.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Carpinus caroliniana Walter",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 22618,
    "gbif_months": [
     808,
     843,
     1600,
     3089,
     3009,
     2896,
     2326,
     2018,
     1823,
     1873,
     1119,
     751
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 39459,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Dandelion",
   "scientific_name": "Taraxacum officinale",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "garden",
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring",
     "summer",
     "autumn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 3–5 cm",
   "range": "Everywhere in the temperate world.",
   "tell": "A single yellow head of many strap-shaped ray florets on a hollow leafless stem that bleeds white latex, over a rosette of deeply back-toothed leaves.",
   "confused_with": "Cat's ear and hawkbit, which have branched, solid, slightly hairy stems. A dandelion stem is always hollow, unbranched and hairless.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/dandelion-scientific-name/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 479234,
    "gbif_months": [
     8018,
     7814,
     26786,
     117178,
     86431,
     44294,
     42653,
     34180,
     27519,
     17124,
     8407,
     6192
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 302157,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Ox-eye daisy",
   "scientific_name": "Leucanthemum vulgare",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 3–6 cm",
   "range": "Meadows across Europe and naturalised throughout North America.",
   "tell": "A classic white daisy with a flat yellow centre on a single tall stem, over spoon-shaped toothed leaves that clasp the stem.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/daisy-names/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 871936,
    "gbif_months": [
     30711,
     11912,
     11495,
     30053,
     116302,
     191253,
     137142,
     79151,
     40431,
     18270,
     9174,
     9503
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 176928,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Black-eyed Susan",
   "scientific_name": "Rudbeckia hirta",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "dry"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer",
     "autumn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 5–9 cm",
   "range": "Across North America; the state flower of Maryland.",
   "tell": "Golden rays around a raised dome of chocolate-brown disc florets, on a bristly hairy stem with rough sandpapery leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rudbeckia hirta L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 67351,
    "gbif_months": [
     280,
     228,
     459,
     2758,
     5507,
     15254,
     21347,
     9904,
     5343,
     2899,
     827,
     319
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 112670,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Purple coneflower",
   "scientific_name": "Echinacea purpurea",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "dry"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 7–12 cm",
   "range": "Prairie and open woodland of the central and eastern United States.",
   "tell": "Drooping rose-pink rays around a spiky orange-brown cone that stands well proud of them. Coarse, rough-hairy leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 16111,
    "gbif_months": [
     41,
     43,
     44,
     173,
     400,
     2059,
     6415,
     3880,
     2012,
     751,
     126,
     24
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 54156,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Goldenrod",
   "scientific_name": "Solidago species",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike",
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "dry"
    ],
    "season": [
     "autumn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Plumes 10–30 cm",
   "range": "Across North America and naturalised in Europe.",
   "tell": "Dense plumes or wands of hundreds of tiny yellow heads in late summer, on unbranched leafy stems. Blamed for hay fever it does not cause — its pollen is heavy and insect-carried.",
   "confused_with": "Ragweed, which flowers at the same time with inconspicuous green flowers and is the actual hay fever culprit.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Solidago L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1344809,
    "gbif_months": [
     29277,
     7169,
     9280,
     23987,
     67437,
     136441,
     241753,
     283213,
     195942,
     85935,
     23105,
     10649
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 769516,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Common yarrow",
   "scientific_name": "Achillea millefolium",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "umbel",
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "dry",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer",
     "autumn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 5–10 cm across",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A flat-topped cluster of tiny white daisy heads over very finely divided feathery leaves that smell strongly aromatic when crushed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Achillea millefolium L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1788213,
    "gbif_months": [
     48297,
     16347,
     29601,
     75624,
     163214,
     299872,
     326812,
     239547,
     138660,
     65695,
     26375,
     20669
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 368490,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Queen Anne's lace",
   "scientific_name": "Daucus carota",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "umbel"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Umbel 5–12 cm",
   "range": "Roadsides across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "A flat lacy umbrella of tiny white flowers, very often with a single dark purple floret at the exact centre, over a hairy stem and carrot-scented ferny leaves. Curls into a bird's nest as it seeds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Its family contains poison hemlock and water hemlock. Hemlock stems are hairless and purple-blotched; wild carrot stems are hairy and green. Never eat a wild root on flower shape alone.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Daucus carota L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 881697,
    "gbif_months": [
     30031,
     11301,
     16970,
     38167,
     78032,
     116277,
     170867,
     129426,
     79027,
     40702,
     15652,
     11822
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 216237,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Common milkweed",
   "scientific_name": "Asclepias syriaca",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cluster 5–10 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Spherical clusters of small dusty-pink crown-shaped flowers on a stout stem that bleeds white latex, with opposite oval leaves. Warty pods full of silk-tufted seeds follow.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Cardiac glycosides. Toxic to livestock and pets; the sap irritates skin and eyes.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-milkweed-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Asclepias syriaca L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 142383,
    "gbif_months": [
     1230,
     965,
     1199,
     2925,
     9114,
     39098,
     35257,
     23859,
     15113,
     8820,
     2484,
     1093
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 192937,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Chicory",
   "scientific_name": "Cichorium intybus",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 3–4 cm",
   "range": "Roadsides across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "Sky-blue daisy heads with square-tipped fringed rays, sitting almost stemless against a wiry, nearly leafless stalk. Flowers open at dawn and close by early afternoon.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cichorium intybus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 373208,
    "gbif_months": [
     6172,
     2600,
     3301,
     5549,
     13444,
     51853,
     94806,
     70509,
     47290,
     23130,
     6249,
     2755
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 183229,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Common blue violet",
   "scientific_name": "Viola sororia",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5",
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "white"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "woods",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 1.5–2.5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America; related species across Europe.",
   "tell": "Five unequal petals — two up, two side, one lower with a spur behind — in violet-blue with a white throat, on a leafless stalk over heart-shaped leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Viola sororia Willd.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9322,
    "gbif_months": [
     28,
     110,
     683,
     2687,
     3889,
     681,
     304,
     218,
     197,
     133,
     34,
     8
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7143,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Trillium",
   "scientific_name": "Trillium species",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p3"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "woods"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 5–8 cm",
   "range": "Woodland across eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Everything in threes: three petals, three sepals, three broad leaves in a whorl, one flower per plant. Unmistakable and slow — a trillium takes seven years to reach flowering size.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Picking the flower removes the leaves too and can kill the plant. Protected in several states and provinces.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Trillium L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 227631,
    "gbif_months": [
     520,
     3625,
     20695,
     82730,
     86829,
     15258,
     7278,
     6299,
     1707,
     494,
     161,
     395
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Bloodroot",
   "scientific_name": "Sanguinaria canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many",
     "p6"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "woods"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 3–5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "A single white flower with eight to twelve petals wrapped in one deeply lobed leaf, appearing before the trees leaf out. The root bleeds orange-red sap when broken.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Toxic. The sap is a caustic escharotic and has caused serious injury when used as a home remedy on skin.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sanguinaria canadensis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 84107,
    "gbif_months": [
     7,
     493,
     13607,
     41493,
     18541,
     4047,
     2289,
     1707,
     979,
     510,
     52,
     240
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 105247,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Bluebell",
   "scientific_name": "Hyacinthoides non-scripta",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p6"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "woods"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Spike 20–40 cm",
   "range": "Ancient woodland in Britain, Ireland and western Europe.",
   "tell": "A one-sided arching spike of nodding narrow violet-blue bells with cream anthers and strongly rolled-back tips, over strap leaves. Carpets whole woodland floors.",
   "confused_with": "Spanish bluebell, which stands upright with bells all round the stem, blue anthers, and no scent. It hybridises with and displaces the native.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 364734,
    "gbif_months": [
     9551,
     3851,
     15511,
     64393,
     68967,
     31885,
     19532,
     13217,
     7605,
     3539,
     1900,
     2122
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 28706,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild lupine",
   "scientific_name": "Lupinus perennis",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "dry",
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring",
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Spike 15–30 cm",
   "range": "Sandy soils of eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Upright spikes of blue pea flowers over palmate leaves whose leaflets radiate from one point like fingers. The sole larval host of the endangered Karner blue butterfly.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Seeds and pods contain quinolizidine alkaloids and are toxic to livestock.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lupinus perennis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 10272,
    "gbif_months": [
     13,
     31,
     249,
     1066,
     4510,
     2875,
     779,
     327,
     139,
     61,
     19,
     5
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 13082,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Fireweed",
   "scientific_name": "Chamerion angustifolium",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p4"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "woods"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Spike 20–40 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere, especially on burnt or cleared ground.",
   "tell": "A tall magenta spike that opens from the bottom upwards, four petals per flower, over narrow willow-like leaves. Colonises fire sites and bomb craters, which is how it got both its names.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 40228,
    "gbif_months": [
     2042,
     12,
     52,
     550,
     2616,
     5447,
     11291,
     8322,
     3898,
     898,
     132,
     22
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Common evening primrose",
   "scientific_name": "Oenothera biennis",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p4"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "dry",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 3–5 cm",
   "range": "North America and naturalised across Europe.",
   "tell": "Four broad lemon-yellow petals with a cross-shaped stigma in the centre, opening at dusk in a few minutes — fast enough to watch — and fading by the next afternoon.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Oenothera biennis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 92511,
    "gbif_months": [
     3484,
     698,
     1220,
     2092,
     2678,
     9157,
     20485,
     16185,
     9775,
     4552,
     1341,
     838
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 76638,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Butterfly weed",
   "scientific_name": "Asclepias tuberosa",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "orange"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "dry",
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cluster 5–8 cm",
   "range": "Dry open ground across the eastern and central United States.",
   "tell": "Flat-topped clusters of vivid orange crown-shaped flowers on a hairy stem with alternate narrow leaves — and, unusually for a milkweed, no white latex.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Asclepias tuberosa L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 58231,
    "gbif_months": [
     48,
     24,
     94,
     973,
     5982,
     20494,
     18895,
     7613,
     2776,
     719,
     160,
     157
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 78604,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild bergamot",
   "scientific_name": "Monarda fistulosa",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink",
     "blue"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "dry"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 4–6 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "A ragged pompom of tubular lavender-pink two-lipped flowers on a square stem with opposite leaves smelling strongly of oregano. Square stem plus opposite leaves plus scent means the mint family.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Monarda fistulosa L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 56267,
    "gbif_months": [
     275,
     209,
     355,
     1218,
     1669,
     6857,
     32250,
     10215,
     1760,
     735,
     304,
     201
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 86500,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Selfheal",
   "scientific_name": "Prunella vulgaris",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike",
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "garden",
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 2–4 cm",
   "range": "Lawns and grassland across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A short blunt head of hooded violet-blue flowers among purplish bracts, on a square stem, low enough to survive mowing. One of the commonest lawn wildflowers.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Prunella vulgaris L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1216166,
    "gbif_months": [
     29308,
     10784,
     15819,
     33312,
     70028,
     206047,
     291959,
     154160,
     79110,
     40164,
     14729,
     11884
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 208475,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Foxglove",
   "scientific_name": "Digitalis purpurea",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "woods",
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Spike 30–100 cm",
   "range": "Woodland edges across Europe and the US Pacific Northwest.",
   "tell": "A tall one-sided spire of thimble-shaped purple flowers, spotted inside the lower lip, over a rosette of soft grey-green downy leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cardiac glycosides. Every part is toxic and the first-year rosette has been eaten in mistake for comfrey.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-foxglove-toxic/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Digitalis purpurea L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 557582,
    "gbif_months": [
     19233,
     9051,
     16299,
     30230,
     64010,
     99076,
     71229,
     40951,
     23821,
     16324,
     9906,
     9138
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 109968,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Jack-in-the-pulpit",
   "scientific_name": "Arisaema triphyllum",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular",
     "green"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "woods",
     "wet"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Spathe 5–8 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "A green or purple-striped hood arching over an upright club, with the leaves in threes on a separate stalk. Becomes a tight cluster of scarlet berries in late summer.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Calcium oxalate crystals cause immediate intense burning of the mouth and throat.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 73262,
    "gbif_months": [
     32,
     47,
     635,
     14970,
     31684,
     9216,
     4470,
     4701,
     5963,
     1037,
     155,
     56
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 126312,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Common milkwort and lobelia",
   "scientific_name": "Lobelia species",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "wet",
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer",
     "autumn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Spike 10–40 cm",
   "range": "Wet ground across North America.",
   "tell": "A spike of two-lipped tubular flowers, split so the upper lip has two lobes and the lower three. Cardinal flower is the same shape in brilliant scarlet and is hummingbird-pollinated.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lobelia Plum. ex L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 329293,
    "gbif_months": [
     17259,
     11590,
     11919,
     11825,
     12637,
     19340,
     43005,
     69196,
     48013,
     21870,
     15133,
     13244
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Marsh marigold",
   "scientific_name": "Caltha palustris",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single",
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "wet"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 2.5–5 cm",
   "range": "Wet ground across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Glossy waxy golden-yellow cups over rounded kidney-shaped leaves, in standing water or saturated ground in early spring. The petals are actually sepals.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Contains protoanemonin, which blisters skin and irritates the gut. Do not eat raw.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Caltha palustris L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 821926,
    "gbif_months": [
     13976,
     3939,
     27891,
     112359,
     135875,
     126203,
     110882,
     74844,
     32825,
     11314,
     3301,
     4094
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 95096,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Buttercup",
   "scientific_name": "Ranunculus species",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "garden",
     "wet"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring",
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 1.5–3 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Five glossy petals with a lacquered shine caused by a mirror-like layer of cells beneath the surface — the reason a buttercup reflects yellow under the chin.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Protoanemonin blisters skin and irritates the mouth. Livestock avoid it in the field and it is inactivated by drying in hay.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ranunculus L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 5971221,
    "gbif_months": [
     190571,
     56662,
     125440,
     363011,
     836432,
     958260,
     790589,
     553954,
     327456,
     161812,
     67826,
     60663
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Red clover",
   "scientific_name": "Trifolium pratense",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 2–3 cm",
   "range": "Grassland across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A dense round head of small magenta pea flowers, over leaves of three leaflets each marked with a pale V. Fixes nitrogen, which is why it improves the ground it grows in.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Trifolium pratense L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1602820,
    "gbif_months": [
     37215,
     9527,
     14855,
     58691,
     204812,
     302737,
     271612,
     197192,
     117847,
     55726,
     18480,
     12531
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 242096,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Common vetch and pea family",
   "scientific_name": "Vicia and Lathyrus species",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "irregular"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink",
     "blue",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike",
     "single"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 1–3 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Pea-shaped flowers — a big upper banner, two side wings and a fused keel below — on scrambling plants with compound leaves ending in curling tendrils.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vicia L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 3525224,
    "gbif_months": [
     99928,
     26585,
     62095,
     207769,
     504212,
     631975,
     475295,
     280729,
     150651,
     76732,
     33076,
     28642
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 494538,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "St John's wort",
   "scientific_name": "Hypericum perforatum",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "dry"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 2–2.5 cm",
   "range": "Europe, and invasive across North America and Australia.",
   "tell": "Five yellow petals with black dots along the margins and a burst of long stamens. Hold a leaf to the light and it is peppered with translucent oil glands that look like pinholes.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hypericum perforatum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 908616,
    "gbif_months": [
     35369,
     11954,
     15450,
     33607,
     81629,
     150579,
     161943,
     108257,
     66798,
     38307,
     25154,
     19281
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 162557,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Common mullein",
   "scientific_name": "Verbascum thapsus",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "dry",
     "garden"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Spike 50–200 cm",
   "range": "Disturbed ground across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A tall unbranched candle of yellow flowers over a rosette of enormous felted grey-green leaves as soft as flannel. Biennial — the rosette one year, the spike the next.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Verbascum thapsus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 342759,
    "gbif_months": [
     11164,
     5197,
     10077,
     22110,
     24030,
     38661,
     55708,
     37319,
     26277,
     16130,
     7753,
     5852
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 189703,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild geranium and cranesbill",
   "scientific_name": "Geranium species",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "p5"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink",
     "blue"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "single",
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "woods",
     "meadow"
    ],
    "season": [
     "spring",
     "summer"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Flower 2–4 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Five rounded pink or lilac petals with darker veins, over deeply palmately lobed leaves, followed by a long beaked seed capsule that gives the plant its name.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Geranium Tourn. ex L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 4252055,
    "gbif_months": [
     126775,
     58921,
     120260,
     339651,
     674104,
     673143,
     516617,
     345356,
     220174,
     134898,
     65905,
     54635
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wildflower-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wildflower-identifier/",
   "name": "Ragwort",
   "scientific_name": "Jacobaea vulgaris",
   "traits": {
    "petals": [
     "many"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "cluster"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "meadow",
     "dry"
    ],
    "season": [
     "summer",
     "autumn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Head 1.5–2.5 cm",
   "range": "Europe, and invasive in North America, Australia and New Zealand.",
   "tell": "A flat-topped mass of small yellow daisy heads, each with about 13 rays, over deeply cut ragged leaves. Host to the black-and-orange cinnabar moth caterpillar.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids cause cumulative irreversible liver damage in horses and cattle. Dangerous in hay, where animals cannot avoid it.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 794871,
    "gbif_months": [
     28500,
     11830,
     18243,
     39214,
     74885,
     123204,
     177429,
     109257,
     63080,
     30538,
     14026,
     11025
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 91213,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Echeveria",
   "scientific_name": "Echeveria species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy",
     "furry"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "bluegrey",
     "red",
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Rosette 5–30 cm",
   "range": "Native to Mexico; the default garden-centre succulent worldwide.",
   "tell": "A neat symmetrical rosette of thick spoon-shaped leaves, usually with a chalky farina bloom that fingerprints permanently. Flowers arch out on a curved stalk from the side, not the centre.",
   "confused_with": "Sempervivum, which is frost-hardy, has thinner pointed leaves and flowers from the centre — and then that rosette dies.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Echeveria DC.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 10479,
    "gbif_months": [
     707,
     645,
     633,
     959,
     719,
     826,
     1016,
     1142,
     876,
     908,
     1026,
     704
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 43518,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Hens and chicks",
   "scientific_name": "Sempervivum tectorum",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette",
     "stemless"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "pointed",
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "red"
    ],
    "care": [
     "hardy",
     "safe",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Rosette 3–10 cm",
   "range": "European mountains; grown outdoors across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Tight rosettes of pointed leaves, often red-tipped, ringed by offsets on short runners. Survives serious frost — the name means \"always alive\".",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "The one that flowers dies afterwards, having set seed. The offsets carry on.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sempervivum tectorum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 43781,
    "gbif_months": [
     2450,
     793,
     1257,
     2092,
     4004,
     5692,
     8553,
     5260,
     1889,
     1107,
     565,
     816
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10352,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Aloe vera",
   "scientific_name": "Aloe barbadensis",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "pointed",
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "bluegrey"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Rosette 30–60 cm",
   "range": "Windowsills worldwide; naturalised in dry climates.",
   "tell": "Thick grey-green spears with soft white teeth along the edges, oozing clear gel when cut. Offsets freely from the base.",
   "confused_with": "Agave, which has hard woody spines rather than soft teeth and no gel.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The yellow latex under the skin is toxic to dogs and cats — vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy. The clear inner gel is not the problem part.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aloe barbadensis Mill.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 98,
    "gbif_months": [
     4,
     10,
     28,
     7,
     5,
     4,
     11,
     7,
     3,
     3,
     4,
     2
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48174,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Agave",
   "scientific_name": "Agave species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "pointed"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "bluegrey",
     "green",
     "variegated"
    ],
    "care": [
     "hardy",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Rosette 30 cm to 3 m",
   "range": "The Americas; landscape plants across the dry world.",
   "tell": "A rigid rosette of thick fibrous leaves ending in a hard needle spine, usually with hooked spines along the margins. Leaves keep the imprint of the ones they grew pressed against.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Sap contains calcium oxalate and saponins and causes contact dermatitis, sometimes severe. Terminal spines cause eye injuries — trim them on plants near a path.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agave L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 120762,
    "gbif_months": [
     7045,
     7734,
     10566,
     12562,
     10436,
     8156,
     9431,
     8928,
     8130,
     9361,
     8938,
     6872
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Haworthia",
   "scientific_name": "Haworthiopsis and Haworthia species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "pointed",
     "windows"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "variegated"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Rosette 5–15 cm",
   "range": "South Africa; a standard small houseplant.",
   "tell": "Small dark rosettes either banded with raised white pearly stripes (zebra plant) or with translucent windows at the leaf tips that let light down into buried leaves.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Haworthiopsis G.D.Rowley",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2109,
    "gbif_months": [
     124,
     161,
     112,
     195,
     183,
     107,
     142,
     144,
     146,
     183,
     133,
     152
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10255,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Gasteria",
   "scientific_name": "Gasteria species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "variegated"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–30 cm",
   "range": "South Africa.",
   "tell": "Thick tongue-shaped mottled leaves growing in two opposite ranks rather than a spiral, with a rough sandpapery surface. Tolerates far less light than most succulents.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Gasteria Duval",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2207,
    "gbif_months": [
     89,
     90,
     98,
     190,
     125,
     87,
     123,
     184,
     338,
     242,
     207,
     104
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4019,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Jade plant",
   "scientific_name": "Crassula ovata",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "red"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30 cm to 2 m",
   "range": "South Africa; a classic windowsill plant everywhere.",
   "tell": "A small tree with a thick woody trunk and glossy oval pads in opposite pairs, edged red in strong light. Lives for decades and is frequently inherited.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Toxin unidentified. Causes vomiting, unsteady walking and a slowed heart rate in dogs and cats.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2321,
    "gbif_months": [
     139,
     184,
     208,
     350,
     214,
     163,
     280,
     176,
     136,
     175,
     119,
     162
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 28409,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "String of pearls",
   "scientific_name": "Curio rowleyanus",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "trail"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "beads"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Strands to 90 cm",
   "range": "South Africa; a hanging-basket favourite.",
   "tell": "Threadlike stems hung with spherical green beads, each with a thin translucent window along one side. Flowers smell of cinnamon.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Toxic to dogs and cats, and the beads are exactly the shape a cat wants to bat off a shelf.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Curio rowleyanus (H.Jacobsen) P.V.Heath",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23,
    "gbif_months": [
     2,
     1,
     0,
     2,
     0,
     4,
     1,
     2,
     2,
     3,
     2,
     4
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1868,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "String of hearts",
   "scientific_name": "Ceropegia woodii",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "trail"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "variegated",
     "bluegrey"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Strands to 2 m",
   "range": "South Africa.",
   "tell": "Fine purple threads carrying paired heart-shaped leaves marbled silver over dark green, purple underneath. Grows small round tubers along the stems.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ceropegia woodii Schltr.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 139,
    "gbif_months": [
     13,
     18,
     8,
     8,
     9,
     6,
     3,
     4,
     3,
     9,
     15,
     17
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 739,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Burro's tail",
   "scientific_name": "Sedum morganianum",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "trail"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "beads",
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "bluegrey"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Strands 30–90 cm",
   "range": "Mexico.",
   "tell": "Thick hanging ropes densely packed with plump blue-grey leaves overlapping like a plaited tail. The leaves drop at the slightest touch — and each one roots into a new plant.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sedum morganianum Walther",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 52,
    "gbif_months": [
     2,
     5,
     5,
     5,
     9,
     1,
     3,
     2,
     5,
     3,
     5,
     2
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 2515,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Christmas cactus",
   "scientific_name": "Schlumbergera species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "trail"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30–60 cm",
   "range": "Brazilian rainforest, growing on trees rather than in deserts.",
   "tell": "Flat segmented stems with scalloped edges, arching over the pot, with magenta or white flowers at the tips in midwinter. Needs more water and less sun than a desert cactus.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Schlumbergera",
    "rank": "genus",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 12534,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Snake plant",
   "scientific_name": "Dracaena trifasciata",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "pointed"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "variegated",
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30 cm to 1.2 m",
   "range": "West Africa; one of the most sold houseplants in the world.",
   "tell": "Stiff upright sword leaves banded grey-green with a yellow margin, growing in a tight clump from a rhizome. Tolerates deep shade and long neglect.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Saponins cause vomiting and drooling in dogs and cats.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2951,
    "gbif_months": [
     171,
     214,
     208,
     478,
     320,
     188,
     215,
     215,
     188,
     215,
     237,
     162
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "ZZ plant",
   "scientific_name": "Zamioculcas zamiifolia",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "45–90 cm",
   "range": "East Africa.",
   "tell": "Stiff arching stalks of thick waxy symmetrical leaflets rising from a potato-like rhizome. Survives months without water and very low light.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Calcium oxalates cause mouth and stomach irritation; the claim that it is extremely poisonous is not supported.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Zamioculcas zamiifolia (G.Lodd.) Engl.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 188,
    "gbif_months": [
     19,
     11,
     13,
     30,
     13,
     11,
     21,
     15,
     9,
     15,
     9,
     14
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10149,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Ponytail palm",
   "scientific_name": "Beaucarnea recurvata",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "pointed"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30 cm to 3 m",
   "range": "Mexico.",
   "tell": "A swollen bulbous water-storing base topped with a fountain of long thin curling leaves. Neither a palm nor a tree — an agave relative.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Beaucarnea recurvata (K.Koch & Fintelm.) Lem.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 551,
    "gbif_months": [
     36,
     16,
     22,
     71,
     71,
     49,
     34,
     141,
     30,
     23,
     11,
     29
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4645,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Kalanchoe",
   "scientific_name": "Kalanchoe blossfeldiana",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "red"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "20–40 cm",
   "range": "Madagascar; sold as a flowering gift plant everywhere.",
   "tell": "Thick scallop-edged leaves under dense flat-topped clusters of tiny four-petalled flowers in hot pink, orange, yellow or white.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Bufadienolide cardiac glycosides. Usually vomiting, but large amounts affect heart rhythm in pets.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 325,
    "gbif_months": [
     28,
     14,
     27,
     15,
     19,
     27,
     17,
     21,
     24,
     12,
     15,
     7
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 27097,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Mother of thousands",
   "scientific_name": "Kalanchoe daigremontiana",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "bluegrey"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "45–90 cm",
   "range": "Madagascar; an invasive weed in warm climates.",
   "tell": "Long arrowhead leaves fringed with rows of tiny complete plantlets that drop off and root wherever they land, including in the pots of every other plant in the room.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cardiac glycosides throughout. Has killed grazing livestock, and the plantlets scatter everywhere a pet might eat them.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1117,
    "gbif_months": [
     83,
     113,
     96,
     115,
     96,
     90,
     86,
     69,
     61,
     59,
     91,
     97
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 12628,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Aeonium",
   "scientific_name": "Aeonium species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette",
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "red"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Rosette 10–30 cm on stems to 1 m",
   "range": "The Canary Islands.",
   "tell": "Flat plate-like rosettes of thin glossy leaves held on top of bare woody stems, black-purple in the popular Zwartkop cultivar. Grows in winter and rests in summer — the reverse of most succulents.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aeonium Webb & Berthel.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 17654,
    "gbif_months": [
     1390,
     1271,
     1564,
     1963,
     1658,
     1139,
     1086,
     1013,
     1071,
     773,
     924,
     1420
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48671,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Sedum and stonecrop",
   "scientific_name": "Sedum species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "stemless",
     "trail",
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "beads",
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "bluegrey",
     "red"
    ],
    "care": [
     "hardy",
     "safe",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–60 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A very large genus of frost-hardy succulents from creeping ground-cover mats to the upright border sedums with flat pink flower heads in autumn. Star-shaped five-petalled flowers throughout.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sedum L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1146952,
    "gbif_months": [
     41552,
     19696,
     37222,
     77300,
     137863,
     205304,
     164161,
     91007,
     51162,
     31305,
     16284,
     16293
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 315712,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Living stones",
   "scientific_name": "Lithops species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "stemless"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "windows",
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "bluegrey",
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–5 cm",
   "range": "The deserts of Namibia and South Africa.",
   "tell": "A pair of fused fleshy leaves split by a slit, patterned to look exactly like a pebble, with a translucent window on top to let light down to buried tissue. A daisy-like flower emerges from the slit.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": "Killed by overwatering more than anything else. It uses no water at all while the new pair of leaves is absorbing the old one.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lithops N.E.Br.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 569,
    "gbif_months": [
     8,
     44,
     45,
     65,
     71,
     64,
     23,
     68,
     45,
     40,
     54,
     38
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 2140,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Prickly pear",
   "scientific_name": "Opuntia species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "clump"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "spines"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "bluegrey"
    ],
    "care": [
     "hardy",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30 cm to 4 m",
   "range": "The Americas; naturalised across the Mediterranean, Australia and southern Africa.",
   "tell": "Flat oval pads joined end to end, with large spines and — the real hazard — clusters of tiny barbed bristles called glochids at each areole.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Glochids detach on the lightest contact, are almost invisible, and are extremely hard to remove from skin. Handle with tongs and use tape or PVA glue to pull them out.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Opuntia Mill.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 331834,
    "gbif_months": [
     20005,
     18034,
     24891,
     37197,
     36058,
     28990,
     39666,
     16560,
     15743,
     32728,
     25321,
     24940
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 539811,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Golden barrel cactus",
   "scientific_name": "Kroenleinia grusonii",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "ball"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "spines"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "hardy",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "20 cm to 1 m",
   "range": "A small area of central Mexico, endangered in the wild.",
   "tell": "A near-perfect ribbed sphere covered in stiff golden spines along the ridges, with white wool at the crown. Grows slowly for decades.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Kroenleinia grusonii (Hildm.) Lodé",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 110,
    "gbif_months": [
     3,
     11,
     9,
     10,
     19,
     17,
     1,
     4,
     6,
     8,
     3,
     4
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 11754,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Bunny ears cactus",
   "scientific_name": "Opuntia microdasys",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "clump"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "spines",
     "furry"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30–60 cm",
   "range": "Mexico.",
   "tell": "Small oval pads in pairs like ears, with no long spines at all but dense tufts of white or gold glochids — which is why it is the most frequently regretted purchase in a garden centre.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Looks fuzzy and harmless. The glochids come off on anything that touches them.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2557,
    "gbif_months": [
     167,
     151,
     208,
     324,
     235,
     168,
     211,
     176,
     156,
     196,
     175,
     181
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10120,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Old man cactus",
   "scientific_name": "Cephalocereus senilis",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "spines",
     "furry"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30 cm to 5 m",
   "range": "Eastern Mexico.",
   "tell": "A slim column wrapped in long shaggy white hair, which shades the plant from the sun. Sharp spines hide underneath the hair.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 168,
    "gbif_months": [
     6,
     15,
     3,
     12,
     13,
     10,
     13,
     7,
     7,
     13,
     13,
     39
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 729,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Euphorbia — pencil cactus and African milk tree",
   "scientific_name": "Euphorbia tirucalli, E. trigona",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "spines",
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "red"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "60 cm to 3 m",
   "range": "Africa and Madagascar.",
   "tell": "Looks like a cactus and is not: euphorbias have paired spines on ridges rather than spines from a woolly areole, and every part bleeds copious white latex when cut.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "The latex is a severe irritant and causes serious chemical burns to the eye, sometimes with lasting damage. Wear gloves and eye protection when pruning, and wash immediately if sap contacts skin.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Euphorbia tirucalli L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5377,
    "gbif_months": [
     275,
     247,
     275,
     1023,
     393,
     333,
     420,
     336,
     444,
     401,
     254,
     309
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 13030,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Snake plant impostor: Sansevieria cylindrica",
   "scientific_name": "Dracaena angolensis",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "pointed"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "bluegrey"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30–90 cm",
   "range": "Angola.",
   "tell": "Stiff round spears rather than flat blades, banded pale green, often sold braided. Same genus and same mild toxicity as the flat snake plant.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dracaena angolensis (Welw. ex Carrière) Byng & Christenh.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 295,
    "gbif_months": [
     26,
     35,
     29,
     29,
     32,
     21,
     18,
     23,
     7,
     16,
     13,
     27
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Panda plant",
   "scientific_name": "Kalanchoe tomentosa",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "upright"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "furry",
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "bluegrey"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30–45 cm",
   "range": "Madagascar.",
   "tell": "Thick oval leaves covered in dense silvery felt, edged with chocolate-brown spots along the tips. Feels like suede.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Kalanchoe cardiac glycosides, as with the flowering species.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Kalanchoe tomentosa Baker",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 134,
    "gbif_months": [
     5,
     4,
     31,
     12,
     7,
     1,
     0,
     8,
     17,
     18,
     13,
     15
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 2539,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Ghost plant",
   "scientific_name": "Graptopetalum paraguayense",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "rosette",
     "trail"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy",
     "furry"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "bluegrey",
     "red"
    ],
    "care": [
     "hardy",
     "safe",
     "easy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Rosette 10–15 cm",
   "range": "Mexico; hardy to about −7 °C.",
   "tell": "Loose rosettes of pointed leaves with a heavy pinkish-grey bloom, on stems that lengthen and trail. Every dropped leaf roots, which is why it spreads across a whole bed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Graptopetalum paraguayense (N.E.Br.) Walther",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 97,
    "gbif_months": [
     6,
     6,
     8,
     16,
     15,
     6,
     4,
     2,
     6,
     8,
     8,
     1
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7801,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "succulent-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/succulent-identifier/",
   "name": "Hoya",
   "scientific_name": "Hoya carnosa",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "trail"
    ],
    "leaf": [
     "fleshy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "variegated"
    ],
    "care": [
     "indoor",
     "safe"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Vines to 4 m",
   "range": "Southeast Asia and Australia.",
   "tell": "Thick waxy oval leaves on a twining vine, with spherical clusters of small star-shaped flowers that look like porcelain and drip nectar. Flowers from the same short spur year after year — never cut it off.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hoya carnosa (L.fil.) R.Br.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2098,
    "gbif_months": [
     118,
     100,
     116,
     207,
     318,
     203,
     236,
     189,
     150,
     133,
     107,
     99
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6367,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Monarch",
   "scientific_name": "Danaus plexippus",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "striped",
     "yellow",
     "white"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "milkweed"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Up to 4.5 cm",
   "range": "The whole of North America wherever milkweed grows.",
   "tell": "Bold bands of yellow, white and black around a smooth body, with two pairs of soft black filaments — one behind the head, one near the tail. Only ever on milkweed.",
   "confused_with": "Queen caterpillar, which has three pairs of filaments instead of two. Count the filaments.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/insects/types-of-caterpillars/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 799895,
    "gbif_months": [
     9336,
     8659,
     13309,
     20004,
     19174,
     31093,
     80336,
     99620,
     67613,
     44771,
     19356,
     10444
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 532510,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Black swallowtail",
   "scientific_name": "Papilio polyxenes",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "herb",
     "veg"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Green with black bands and a row of yellow-orange dots on each band, found on parsley, dill, fennel or carrot tops. Poke it gently and an orange forked organ pops out of the head, smelling sour.",
   "confused_with": "Monarch. Both are banded, but the swallowtail is green between the bands and never on milkweed.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 118300,
    "gbif_months": [
     429,
     1056,
     2975,
     7216,
     13316,
     16930,
     25539,
     26144,
     13695,
     4558,
     1041,
     399
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 142960,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Tomato hornworm",
   "scientific_name": "Manduca quinquemaculata",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "horn",
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "host": [
     "veg"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "7–10 cm",
   "range": "Vegetable gardens across North America.",
   "tell": "Enormous, plump, bright green, with eight white V-shaped marks pointing forward along each side and a black or dark-blue horn on the rear.",
   "confused_with": "Tobacco hornworm, which has seven straight white diagonal stripes and a red horn. Count the marks and check the horn colour.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Manduca quinquemaculatus Haworth, 1803",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5963,
    "gbif_months": [
     2,
     2,
     146,
     435,
     494,
     582,
     1211,
     1587,
     1047,
     340,
     52,
     7
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7530,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Tobacco hornworm",
   "scientific_name": "Manduca sexta",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "horn",
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "host": [
     "veg"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "7–10 cm",
   "range": "The US South and, in summer, most of the country.",
   "tell": "Seven straight white diagonal stripes along each side and a curved red horn. This is the hornworm most often found on tomatoes despite the name.",
   "confused_with": "Tomato hornworm — V-marks and a dark horn.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Manduca sexta Linnaeus, 1763",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 21557,
    "gbif_months": [
     66,
     91,
     177,
     364,
     799,
     1888,
     4960,
     6395,
     4530,
     1674,
     330,
     82
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 33018,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Woolly bear",
   "scientific_name": "Pyrrharctia isabella",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "ground",
     "grass"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "Across North America, conspicuous in autumn.",
   "tell": "Dense stiff bristles, black at both ends with a rust-brown band in the middle, hurrying across a road or path in September and October looking for somewhere to overwinter.",
   "confused_with": "The folk belief that the band width forecasts the winter is not supported — band width tracks the caterpillar's age and how wet the previous season was.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pyrrharctia isabella J.E.Smith, 1797",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 73490,
    "gbif_months": [
     820,
     1081,
     2927,
     4397,
     3974,
     6950,
     5732,
     5279,
     13329,
     22431,
     5056,
     1387
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 102854,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Yellow woolly bear",
   "scientific_name": "Spilosoma virginica",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow",
     "white"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "veg",
     "ground",
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "irritant"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–4.5 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "A uniformly shaggy caterpillar in pale yellow, cream or occasionally rust, with no black ends. The long soft hairs can irritate sensitive skin, unlike the true woolly bear.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Spilosoma virginica Fabricius, 1798",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 39530,
    "gbif_months": [
     50,
     107,
     475,
     1584,
     3030,
     5405,
     7065,
     9593,
     8882,
     2715,
     393,
     50
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 73822,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern tent caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Malacosoma americanum",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "cherry",
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, appearing in spring.",
   "tell": "A continuous white stripe down the centre of the back, blue and orange dashes along the sides, and a dense silk tent built in the fork of a wild cherry or apple branch in April and May.",
   "confused_with": "Fall webworm. Tent caterpillars build in branch forks in spring and feed outside the tent; webworms wrap the leaves at branch tips in late summer and feed inside.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Malacosoma americana (Fabricius, 1793)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 46809,
    "gbif_months": [
     48,
     190,
     2793,
     13736,
     15647,
     10238,
     3627,
     169,
     64,
     54,
     50,
     60
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 66138,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Forest tent caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Malacosoma disstria",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "oak"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "North America, in periodic outbreak years.",
   "tell": "A row of white keyhole or footprint shapes down the back instead of a continuous line, and it builds no tent — it spins a silk mat on the trunk and rests there in a mass.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Malacosoma disstria Hübner",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 29306,
    "gbif_months": [
     9,
     9,
     1750,
     7133,
     5188,
     7590,
     6924,
     561,
     40,
     12,
     16,
     2
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 41719,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Fall webworm",
   "scientific_name": "Hyphantria cunea",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "cherry"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2.5–3.5 cm",
   "range": "North America, and introduced across Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "Pale hairy caterpillars living inside a loose grey web that encloses the leaves at the very tip of a branch, expanding through August and September. Ugly, harmless to the tree.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 50172,
    "gbif_months": [
     93,
     389,
     1538,
     3018,
     3372,
     6855,
     6994,
     12597,
     10282,
     2798,
     862,
     138
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 78851,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Spongy moth",
   "scientific_name": "Lymantria dispar",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "host": [
     "oak",
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "irritant"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–6 cm",
   "range": "The northeastern US, the Great Lakes and eastern Canada.",
   "tell": "Five pairs of blue dots followed by six pairs of red dots down the back — a colour sequence nothing else has — with long straggling hairs. Formerly called the gypsy moth.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "The hairs cause an itchy rash in a substantial minority of people during outbreak years.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 146176,
    "gbif_months": [
     603,
     568,
     945,
     1862,
     16271,
     30607,
     49866,
     37377,
     2697,
     925,
     630,
     493
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 83343,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "White-marked tussock moth",
   "scientific_name": "Orgyia leucostigma",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "tufts"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow",
     "white",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "oak"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "irritant"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2.5–3.5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "A bright red head, four short cream toothbrush tufts on the back, and two long black hair pencils pointing forward with one pointing back. Unmistakable once seen.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The hairs cause contact dermatitis and are shed into the cocoon, so old cocoons on siding also itch.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Orgyia leucostigma J.E.Smith, 1797",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 24554,
    "gbif_months": [
     17,
     13,
     125,
     1379,
     1775,
     3761,
     4761,
     5856,
     5109,
     1425,
     209,
     36
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 42821,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Hickory tussock moth",
   "scientific_name": "Lophocampa caryae",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "tufts",
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "irritant"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3.5–4.5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, conspicuous in late summer.",
   "tell": "White and fluffy with a row of black tufts down the back and four long black pencils at each end, found on hickory, walnut and ash — and very often crossing a sidewalk in August.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "A common cause of childhood rashes because it is white, fluffy and irresistible. The hairs sting on contact.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lophocampa caryae Harris, 1841",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 41768,
    "gbif_months": [
     18,
     16,
     45,
     67,
     1850,
     7575,
     4597,
     12124,
     11891,
     3395,
     100,
     10
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 60314,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Milkweed tussock moth",
   "scientific_name": "Euchaetes egle",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "tufts"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "yellow",
     "white"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "milkweed"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "irritant"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Clusters of caterpillars covered in dense tufts of black, orange and white hair, stripping a milkweed leaf together late in the season after the monarchs have gone.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Euchaetes egle Drury, 1773",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 31712,
    "gbif_months": [
     3,
     1,
     9,
     57,
     196,
     1319,
     7503,
     16452,
     5781,
     309,
     13,
     3
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 47522,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Puss caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Megalopyge opercularis",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "yellow",
     "white"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "host": [
     "oak",
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "stings"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–3.5 cm",
   "range": "Texas east to Florida and north to Maryland; outbreak years bring hospital visits.",
   "tell": "Looks like a small toupee or a tuft of cotton wool, tan to grey, with a pointed tail of longer hair. The venomous spines are hidden entirely under the soft outer fur.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "The most painful caterpillar sting in the United States: immediate throbbing pain radiating up the limb, a gridded red rash, sometimes nausea and shock. Tape off the spines, ice, and seek care for systemic symptoms.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Megalopyge opercularis (J.E.Smith, 1797)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9349,
    "gbif_months": [
     146,
     105,
     187,
     558,
     1066,
     1142,
     1949,
     1092,
     911,
     1050,
     793,
     287
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 13461,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Saddleback caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Acharia stimulea",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "spiny"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "veg",
     "oak"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "stings"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–2.5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern United States.",
   "tell": "A brown slug-like body with a bright green blanket across the middle carrying a purple-brown oval \"saddle\", and four stout horned spine clusters at the corners.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Severe burning sting with swelling that can last a day. Common on garden shrubs and blueberry, so it gets grabbed while picking.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acharia stimulea (Clemens, 1860)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6702,
    "gbif_months": [
     25,
     15,
     33,
     71,
     151,
     634,
     1526,
     1982,
     1900,
     252,
     50,
     37
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10281,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Io moth caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Automeris io",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "spiny"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "oak"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "stings"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–6 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Pale green with a red-and-white stripe along each side and dense clusters of branched, bright green venomous spines over the whole body.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "The spines break off and inject venom; expect intense stinging for an hour and a welt for days.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Automeris io Fabricius, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 24812,
    "gbif_months": [
     297,
     313,
     572,
     1068,
     2270,
     8319,
     3813,
     3435,
     2297,
     1091,
     669,
     393
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 33351,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Buck moth caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Hemileuca maia",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "spiny"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "oak"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "stings"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–6 cm",
   "range": "Oak woodland in the eastern US; a public-health nuisance in New Orleans.",
   "tell": "Dark purple-black speckled with white dots and armed with rosettes of branched, hollow, cream-tipped spines. Feeds in groups on oak, often dropping on people below.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Stings on contact and the spines remain active in the shed skins and on the ground beneath infested oaks.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hemileuca maia Drury, 1773",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1061,
    "gbif_months": [
     21,
     3,
     5,
     10,
     74,
     184,
     85,
     20,
     181,
     322,
     54,
     36
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 13677,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Spiny oak slug",
   "scientific_name": "Euclea delphinii",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "spiny"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "host": [
     "oak",
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "stings"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–2 cm",
   "range": "Eastern United States.",
   "tell": "Flat, oval and slug-shaped with no visible head, in green or yellow, edged with paired spiny horns and usually carrying four dark spots on the back.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "A mild-looking caterpillar with a genuine sting. Very often found on the underside of an oak leaf you are turning over.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Euclea delphinii (Boisduval, 1832)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8443,
    "gbif_months": [
     18,
     27,
     87,
     133,
     231,
     2746,
     3110,
     1048,
     730,
     144,
     65,
     16
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10830,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Luna moth caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Actias luna",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "knobs",
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "6–9 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, on walnut, hickory, sweetgum and birch.",
   "tell": "Fat, bright translucent green with a faint yellow line along each side and small orange knobs down the back, each with a short bristle. It clicks its mandibles if disturbed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Actias luna Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 47535,
    "gbif_months": [
     54,
     377,
     2658,
     4665,
     7204,
     11555,
     8994,
     8319,
     2637,
     733,
     173,
     42
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 69812,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Cecropia moth caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Hyalophora cecropia",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "knobs"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "cherry"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "The largest caterpillar in North America: a thumb-thick blue-green body studded with blue, yellow and red knobs carrying black spines. Alarming and completely harmless.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hyalophora cecropia Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 13844,
    "gbif_months": [
     210,
     340,
     916,
     1165,
     2012,
     4247,
     1928,
     1943,
     541,
     100,
     132,
     187
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 20547,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Polyphemus moth caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Antheraea polyphemus",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "knobs"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "host": [
     "oak",
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "7–9 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Bright apple-green with a diagonal yellow line running back from each pair of legs and small red-and-silver knobs. Body is strongly ridged into fat segments.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Antheraea polyphemus Cramer, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 53407,
    "gbif_months": [
     691,
     1240,
     3034,
     3195,
     5589,
     10912,
     10690,
     8458,
     5241,
     2484,
     1094,
     601
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 80988,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Mourning cloak caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Nymphalis antiopa",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "spiny"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "North America and Europe, on willow, elm and hackberry.",
   "tell": "Velvety black speckled with white, a row of eight red-orange spots down the back and branched black spines. Feeds in a dense group that strips a whole branch at once.",
   "confused_with": "Spines that look dangerous but are not — this species does not sting.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 247233,
    "gbif_months": [
     1313,
     2120,
     11660,
     44127,
     41011,
     22434,
     23584,
     43846,
     14949,
     3172,
     742,
     500
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 96125,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Great spangled fritillary caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Speyeria cybele",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "spiny"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "ground"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "Meadows and woodland edge across North America.",
   "tell": "Velvety black with orange-based branched spines, feeding only on violets and only at night — which is why it is usually found on the ground rather than on a plant.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 62911,
    "gbif_months": [
     9,
     1,
     12,
     112,
     3578,
     13854,
     22373,
     13187,
     5039,
     347,
     30,
     6
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Cabbage looper",
   "scientific_name": "Trichoplusia ni",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "veg"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–4 cm",
   "range": "Vegetable gardens worldwide.",
   "tell": "Smooth pale green with thin white side stripes, tapering towards the head, and it moves by arching its back into a loop because it lacks the middle pairs of prolegs.",
   "confused_with": "Imported cabbageworm, which crawls normally and is velvety rather than smooth. If it loops, it is a looper.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8810,
    "gbif_months": [
     114,
     134,
     178,
     463,
     737,
     1079,
     1313,
     1665,
     1075,
     651,
     253,
     124
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5600,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Imported cabbageworm",
   "scientific_name": "Pieris rapae",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth",
     "hairy"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "veg"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2.5–3 cm",
   "range": "Anywhere brassicas are grown, worldwide.",
   "tell": "Velvety, uniformly green with a faint yellow line down the back, matching the leaf so closely it is usually found by its dark green droppings rather than by sight.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3687718,
    "gbif_months": [
     6795,
     9477,
     40569,
     220211,
     373856,
     345856,
     995610,
     1023713,
     455607,
     77783,
     11947,
     8753
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 262993,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Fall armyworm",
   "scientific_name": "Spodoptera frugiperda",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "green",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "grass",
     "veg"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–4 cm",
   "range": "The Americas, now established across Africa and Asia.",
   "tell": "Brown to green with stripes and four black dots in a square on the second-to-last segment, plus a pale inverted Y on the front of the head capsule. Arrives in a lawn as a moving front.",
   "confused_with": "Other cutworms. The inverted Y on the head is the reliable character.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.Smith, 1797",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 13635,
    "gbif_months": [
     212,
     175,
     212,
     154,
     280,
     461,
     1032,
     1713,
     2612,
     2338,
     783,
     414
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 23372,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Cutworm",
   "scientific_name": "Agrotis and Noctua species",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "black",
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "ground",
     "veg"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–5 cm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Dull, greasy-looking and unmarked, found curled into a tight C just under the soil surface beside a seedling that was cut off at ground level overnight.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agrotis Ochsenheimer, 1816",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1987359,
    "gbif_months": [
     5578,
     5786,
     9475,
     37717,
     247609,
     531452,
     469756,
     337910,
     149847,
     82728,
     18047,
     6729
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 159012,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Bagworm",
   "scientific_name": "Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Bag 3–5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central United States, mostly on conifers.",
   "tell": "You rarely see the caterpillar at all — only a spindle-shaped bag of silk covered in fragments of the host's own needles or leaves, hanging from a twig and moving slowly.",
   "confused_with": "A cone or a piece of dead foliage, which is exactly the point.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth, 1803)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 10695,
    "gbif_months": [
     479,
     606,
     1003,
     1196,
     753,
     536,
     1137,
     1647,
     1465,
     810,
     468,
     488
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 18740,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Inchworm or cankerworm",
   "scientific_name": "Geometridae",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "oak",
     "cherry"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–3 cm",
   "range": "Everywhere.",
   "tell": "Thin, twig-like, with legs at the front and rear only, so it moves by looping. At rest it holds itself out rigidly from a twig at an angle, imitating a shoot.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Geometridae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 24385819,
    "gbif_months": [
     170819,
     257527,
     540229,
     985534,
     2485833,
     4752427,
     6054951,
     3926549,
     1512874,
     780318,
     418123,
     207972
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4540304,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Spicebush swallowtail",
   "scientific_name": "Papilio troilus",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern United States, on spicebush and sassafras.",
   "tell": "Smooth green with two huge false eyespots on the swollen thorax that make it look like a small snake, resting inside a leaf it has folded and tied with silk.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Papilio troilus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 50421,
    "gbif_months": [
     28,
     136,
     1110,
     2791,
     5296,
     5475,
     14108,
     15683,
     4241,
     681,
     78,
     31
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 65707,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern tiger swallowtail",
   "scientific_name": "Papilio glaucus",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree",
     "cherry"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, on tulip tree, cherry and ash.",
   "tell": "Plump smooth green with a swollen front end carrying two yellow-and-black eyespots and a thin yellow-and-black band behind them. Young larvae are brown and white, mimicking bird droppings.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 127549,
    "gbif_months": [
     76,
     258,
     5121,
     10558,
     10060,
     13004,
     32323,
     39434,
     10468,
     1481,
     273,
     86
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 207099,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Catalpa sphinx",
   "scientific_name": "Ceratomia catalpae",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "horn"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow",
     "black",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–7 cm",
   "range": "The eastern and southern United States, only on catalpa trees.",
   "tell": "Black and yellow with a shiny black horn, feeding in large groups that can strip a catalpa completely. Found on catalpa and nothing else, which makes it trivially identifiable.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ceratomia catalpae Boisduval",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6932,
    "gbif_months": [
     2,
     1,
     17,
     70,
     284,
     812,
     1862,
     2204,
     1301,
     311,
     35,
     1
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10617,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Hummingbird moth caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Hemaris thysbe",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "horn",
     "smooth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, on honeysuckle, viburnum and snowberry.",
   "tell": "Pale green with a yellowish stripe on each side and a short blue-green horn, on honeysuckle. It becomes the clearwing moth people mistake for a hummingbird.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hemaris thysbe Fabricius, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 21951,
    "gbif_months": [
     9,
     8,
     78,
     399,
     791,
     2686,
     9880,
     6796,
     1052,
     125,
     22,
     4
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 30581,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "caterpillar-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/caterpillar-identifier/",
   "name": "Viceroy caterpillar",
   "scientific_name": "Limenitis archippus",
   "traits": {
    "texture": [
     "knobs"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "white"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "host": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "sting": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3 cm",
   "range": "North America, on willow, poplar and aspen.",
   "tell": "Lumpy, saddle-shaped and mottled olive-brown and cream so it reads convincingly as a bird dropping, with two bristly knobs behind the head.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Limenitis archippus Cramer, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 54362,
    "gbif_months": [
     136,
     92,
     401,
     1373,
     2350,
     8082,
     10809,
     15412,
     9195,
     2500,
     415,
     154
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 51860,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Black widow",
   "scientific_name": "Latrodectus mactans, L. hesperus, L. variolus",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "tangle"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "hourglass",
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "basement",
     "ground",
     "eaves"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "medical"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 8–13 mm",
   "range": "Across the southern and western United States; the northern widow reaches New England and southern Canada.",
   "tell": "Glossy, almost lacquered jet-black globe of an abdomen with a red hourglass on the underside, hanging upside down in a coarse, irregular, very strong tangle web low down in a dark sheltered spot.",
   "confused_with": "False widow and immature widows, which are brown with pale markings. The hourglass — sometimes two separate red triangles — is the character to check, and it is on the belly.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Venom is a neurotoxin: severe muscle cramping spreading from the bite, sweating, abdominal rigidity. Rarely fatal in healthy adults but genuinely serious in children and the elderly. Seek medical care.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/insects/how-dangerous-is-a-black-widow/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9532,
    "gbif_months": [
     226,
     280,
     552,
     848,
     902,
     1014,
     1327,
     1183,
     1168,
     1044,
     626,
     274
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 14735,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Brown widow",
   "scientific_name": "Latrodectus geometricus",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "tangle"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "hourglass",
     "chevrons"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "eaves",
     "garden",
     "basement"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "medical"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 7–12 mm",
   "range": "The US Gulf Coast, Florida, and now much of southern California.",
   "tell": "Tan to grey-brown with a geometric pattern on top and an orange or yellow hourglass beneath. The decisive clue is the egg sac: a pale ball covered in blunt silk spikes, like a tiny mine.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Venom is comparable to the black widow's but the spider injects far less and is much less inclined to bite. Bites usually stay local.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Latrodectus geometricus C.L.Koch, 1841",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 19655,
    "gbif_months": [
     1101,
     1093,
     1322,
     1880,
     1452,
     1395,
     1981,
     2376,
     2252,
     2066,
     1428,
     1098
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 31156,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Brown recluse",
   "scientific_name": "Loxosceles reclusa",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "sac",
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "violin",
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "basement",
     "indoor"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "medical"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 6–9 mm; legs span about a quarter",
   "range": "A well-mapped range: Kansas and Nebraska east to western Ohio, south to Texas, Louisiana and Georgia. Very rare outside it.",
   "tell": "Uniform tan with no leg bands, no abdominal pattern, a dark violin shape on the head plate pointing backwards, and — the reliable character — six eyes in three pairs rather than eight.",
   "confused_with": "Almost everything brown gets called a recluse. Any spider with banded legs, a patterned abdomen or eight eyes is not one, and neither is anything found outside the range map.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Most bites heal without incident; a minority produce a necrotic ulcer over one to two weeks. Do not excise the wound. Photograph the spider — the diagnosis is otherwise unreliable, and infections are misdiagnosed as recluse bites constantly.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/insects/brown-recluse-spider-how-to-identify/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6189,
    "gbif_months": [
     126,
     184,
     275,
     513,
     855,
     1011,
     945,
     808,
     533,
     387,
     184,
     138
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 9483,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Yellow sac spider",
   "scientific_name": "Cheiracanthium inclusum, C. mildei",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "sac"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor",
     "eaves",
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "painful"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 5–10 mm",
   "range": "Across North America, and one of the commonest indoor spiders.",
   "tell": "Pale straw to greenish-yellow with a slightly darker stripe down the abdomen and dark tips to the jaws, spending the day in a small flat silk sac tucked into a wall-ceiling corner or a folded leaf.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The most common source of genuine spider bites indoors. Stings sharply and leaves a red mark; the old claim that it causes necrosis is not supported by the evidence.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz, 1847)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 803,
    "gbif_months": [
     32,
     42,
     50,
     63,
     66,
     99,
     77,
     66,
     55,
     65,
     54,
     45
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 3704,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Cellar spider",
   "scientific_name": "Pholcus phalangioides",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "tangle"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor",
     "basement"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 7–9 mm, legs to 50 mm",
   "range": "Buildings across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "A tiny body on absurdly long thin legs, hanging in a loose tangle in a ceiling corner. Disturb it and it vibrates the web into a blur — the behaviour is diagnostic.",
   "confused_with": "Harvestmen, also called daddy long-legs, which have one body segment and no web. The myth that either has fangs too short to bite through skin has been tested and is false in the details and irrelevant in practice.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 79360,
    "gbif_months": [
     3937,
     3248,
     3908,
     6069,
     8359,
     10081,
     10810,
     10610,
     7475,
     5703,
     3941,
     3494
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 57473,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Common house spider",
   "scientific_name": "Parasteatoda tepidariorum",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "tangle"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "chevrons",
     "spots"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor",
     "basement",
     "eaves"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 5–8 mm",
   "range": "Homes across North America.",
   "tell": "A dull grey-brown bulbous abdomen with faint darker chevrons, in a messy tangle web in a window corner, often with two or three brown papery egg sacs hanging in it.",
   "confused_with": "Immature widows, which are also in a tangle web. Widow legs are shinier and longer, and an adult widow's egg sac is smooth and white rather than papery brown.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C.L.Koch, 1841)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 15378,
    "gbif_months": [
     396,
     421,
     557,
     962,
     1397,
     2034,
     2678,
     2381,
     1871,
     993,
     505,
     382
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 33117,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Wolf spider",
   "scientific_name": "Hogna, Tigrosa and Rabidosa species",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "stripes",
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground",
     "basement",
     "garden",
     "indoor"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "painful"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 10–35 mm",
   "range": "Everywhere in North America.",
   "tell": "Big, hairy, brown and grey with lengthwise stripes, running fast on the ground rather than sitting in a web. Two of its eight eyes are much larger than the rest and glow back at a headtorch.",
   "confused_with": "Constantly mistaken for a tarantula or a recluse. The decisive sight is a female with a pea-sized egg sac attached to her spinnerets, or carrying dozens of spiderlings on her back.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hogna Simon, 1885",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 29229,
    "gbif_months": [
     493,
     479,
     885,
     1790,
     2947,
     3253,
     5153,
     4217,
     2964,
     3070,
     889,
     383
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 56472,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Grass spider",
   "scientific_name": "Agelenopsis species",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "funnel"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "stripes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "ground",
     "eaves"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 10–20 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "A flat horizontal sheet of dense silk in a hedge or on the lawn, with a funnel at one corner where the spider waits. Two long tail-like spinnerets project noticeably beyond the abdomen.",
   "confused_with": "Hobo spider, which is in the same family and is what most funnel webs get blamed on in the Pacific Northwest.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agelenopsis Giebel, 1869",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 24831,
    "gbif_months": [
     51,
     36,
     124,
     436,
     657,
     1347,
     3346,
     6354,
     8056,
     3197,
     796,
     167
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 70004,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Hobo spider",
   "scientific_name": "Eratigena agrestis",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "funnel"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "chevrons"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "basement",
     "ground"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 8–15 mm",
   "range": "The Pacific Northwest and the northern Rockies only.",
   "tell": "A brown funnel-web spider with a herringbone of pale chevrons on the abdomen and — unlike its relatives — plain, unbanded legs.",
   "confused_with": "Its own reputation. The CDC removed the hobo spider from its list of venomous spiders in 2017; the necrotic-bite claim was never replicated.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Eratigena agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 4642,
    "gbif_months": [
     143,
     67,
     97,
     118,
     118,
     159,
     392,
     917,
     1164,
     691,
     270,
     133
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4303,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Giant house spider",
   "scientific_name": "Eratigena atrica",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "funnel"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "chevrons",
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor",
     "basement"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 12–18 mm, leg span up to 75 mm",
   "range": "The Pacific Northwest, the northeastern US and across northern Europe.",
   "tell": "The large fast brown spider that appears in a bathtub in autumn. Males wander in September and October looking for females; they cannot climb the enamel, which is why they are found stranded.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Eratigena atrica (C.L.Koch, 1843)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 16252,
    "gbif_months": [
     537,
     504,
     929,
     1706,
     1466,
     999,
     1147,
     2776,
     3029,
     1460,
     608,
     380
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 42470,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Bold jumping spider",
   "scientific_name": "Phidippus audax",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "spots",
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "eaves",
     "indoor"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 8–15 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Compact, fuzzy, black with a white or orange triangle and two spots on the abdomen, and iridescent green or blue jaws. Two enormous forward-facing eyes; it turns to look at you, which nothing else does.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 81735,
    "gbif_months": [
     750,
     1271,
     4629,
     10683,
     14924,
     11020,
     6604,
     8021,
     9972,
     9993,
     2875,
     940
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 132457,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Zebra jumping spider",
   "scientific_name": "Salticus scenicus",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "banded-legs",
     "stripes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "where": [
     "eaves",
     "indoor",
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 5–7 mm",
   "range": "North America and Europe, mostly on sunlit walls and fences.",
   "tell": "A tiny black-and-white striped jumper patrolling a sunny brick wall or windowsill in short darting runs, always trailing a silk safety line.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 86602,
    "gbif_months": [
     446,
     1433,
     6822,
     11929,
     19452,
     21131,
     9909,
     6192,
     5434,
     2278,
     469,
     244
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 73832,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Black and yellow garden spider",
   "scientific_name": "Argiope aurantia",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "bright",
     "spots"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 19–28 mm",
   "range": "Across the United States and southern Canada.",
   "tell": "Big, unmistakable, silver head and a black abdomen splashed with bright yellow, sitting head-down in the middle of a large orb web with a thick zigzag ribbon of silk running through the centre.",
   "confused_with": "Nothing much. The zigzag stabilimentum plus the yellow-on-black is unique among common garden orb weavers.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Argiope aurantia Lucas, 1833",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 70101,
    "gbif_months": [
     167,
     160,
     225,
     797,
     2142,
     5026,
     11392,
     22776,
     19575,
     6447,
     1099,
     283
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 107746,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Banded garden spider",
   "scientific_name": "Argiope trifasciata",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "stripes",
     "bright"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 15–25 mm",
   "range": "Across North America, mostly in tall grass and old fields.",
   "tell": "Silvery abdomen finely banded in yellow and black across its width rather than blotched, in an orb web in open grassland late in the summer.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Argiope trifasciata (Forsskål, 1775)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 32212,
    "gbif_months": [
     782,
     717,
     890,
     1052,
     841,
     822,
     1366,
     4388,
     10160,
     6774,
     2857,
     1352
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 44041,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Cross orbweaver",
   "scientific_name": "Araneus diadematus",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "spots"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "eaves"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 10–18 mm",
   "range": "The northern US, Canada, and all of Europe.",
   "tell": "Mottled brown or orange with a clear cross of white dots on the top of the abdomen, in a classic wheel web across a doorway or between two shrubs, rebuilt nightly.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 252149,
    "gbif_months": [
     896,
     406,
     709,
     2508,
     5308,
     13225,
     39652,
     75382,
     78984,
     26853,
     4725,
     1291
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 165956,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Marbled orbweaver",
   "scientific_name": "Araneus marmoreus",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "bright",
     "spots"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "water"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 9–18 mm",
   "range": "Across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "A bulbous orange or cream abdomen marbled with brown, on orange legs banded in black. The autumn form is so pumpkin-like it is sometimes called the pumpkin spider.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 21879,
    "gbif_months": [
     66,
     8,
     29,
     79,
     257,
     642,
     2336,
     4773,
     6086,
     4871,
     1999,
     330
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 27915,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Spiny-backed orbweaver",
   "scientific_name": "Gasteracantha cancriformis",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "bright",
     "spots"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "eaves"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 5–9 mm wide",
   "range": "The US South from California to Florida.",
   "tell": "A hard, flattened, crab-like white or yellow shell with six red or black spikes around the edge and black dots on top. Nothing else looks remotely like it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 34539,
    "gbif_months": [
     2547,
     1968,
     2176,
     2801,
     2210,
     2258,
     2929,
     3156,
     4672,
     4136,
     2928,
     2677
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 51854,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Spined micrathena",
   "scientific_name": "Micrathena gracilis",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "spots"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 8–11 mm",
   "range": "Eastern woodland in the United States.",
   "tell": "A tall, black-and-white, sharply spined abdomen in a small vertical orb web strung across a woodland trail at face height — the spider you walk into in August.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Micrathena gracilis (Walckenaer, 1805)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 16390,
    "gbif_months": [
     53,
     24,
     15,
     31,
     118,
     737,
     4969,
     6609,
     2545,
     763,
     315,
     153
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 24108,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Orchard orbweaver",
   "scientific_name": "Leucauge venusta",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "bright",
     "stripes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "water"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 5–8 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "A small, elongated, silvery-green spider with lime and yellow stripes and orange spots underneath, hanging upside down in a nearly horizontal orb in shaded shrubbery.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer, 1841)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 32131,
    "gbif_months": [
     64,
     93,
     489,
     3186,
     6678,
     10717,
     4981,
     3058,
     1937,
     565,
     161,
     75
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 50714,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Long-jawed orbweaver",
   "scientific_name": "Tetragnatha species",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "plain",
     "stripes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 6–12 mm, very elongated",
   "range": "Waterside vegetation across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Long, thin and stick-like with enormous jaws, resting stretched flat along a grass stem with the front legs extended forward and the back pair behind, becoming almost invisible.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tetragnatha Walckenaer, 1805",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 72848,
    "gbif_months": [
     1329,
     1851,
     2350,
     4954,
     10713,
     16021,
     11569,
     8569,
     5199,
     2325,
     1137,
     1060
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 150215,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Golden silk orbweaver",
   "scientific_name": "Trichonephila clavipes",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "banded-legs",
     "bright"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 24–40 mm",
   "range": "The US South from Texas to North Carolina, and the American tropics.",
   "tell": "Large, elongated orange-brown body with tufts of black hair on the legs, in a huge web whose silk is visibly golden in sunlight. Called a banana spider in the southeast.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 43595,
    "gbif_months": [
     2674,
     2576,
     3093,
     3393,
     2781,
     3494,
     5407,
     5625,
     4994,
     4397,
     3008,
     2046
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 66269,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Joro spider",
   "scientific_name": "Trichonephila clavata",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "orb"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "bright",
     "banded-legs"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "eaves"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 17–25 mm",
   "range": "Introduced to Georgia around 2013 and spreading through the southeastern United States.",
   "tell": "Bright yellow and blue-grey banded body with red marks underneath and long black-and-yellow legs, in a very large three-dimensional golden web often built high, across driveways and porches.",
   "confused_with": "Golden silk orbweaver, which shares the habitat and web colour. The Joro is more brightly banded and has red on the underside.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Trichonephila clavata (L.Koch, 1878)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 20077,
    "gbif_months": [
     217,
     113,
     73,
     39,
     67,
     437,
     1544,
     3458,
     5578,
     5640,
     2222,
     587
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 27699,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Green lynx spider",
   "scientific_name": "Peucetia viridans",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "bright"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 12–22 mm",
   "range": "The southern United States from California to Florida.",
   "tell": "Vivid translucent green with long spiny legs and a pointed abdomen, sitting motionless on a flower head waiting to ambush pollinators. It can spit venom a short distance when guarding eggs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Peucetia viridans (Hentz, 1832)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 21645,
    "gbif_months": [
     171,
     133,
     242,
     670,
     1367,
     2223,
     3157,
     4208,
     4950,
     3020,
     1055,
     365
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 35401,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Goldenrod crab spider",
   "scientific_name": "Misumena vatia",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "bright",
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 6–10 mm",
   "range": "Across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Crab-shaped, holding its long front legs open sideways, sitting inside a flower. It changes colour between white and yellow over several days to match whatever it is sitting on.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 106811,
    "gbif_months": [
     143,
     147,
     940,
     6181,
     18952,
     26196,
     28900,
     16264,
     5765,
     1484,
     318,
     129
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 82641,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Six-spotted fishing spider",
   "scientific_name": "Dolomedes triton",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "stripes",
     "spots"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 9–20 mm",
   "range": "Pond and marsh margins across North America.",
   "tell": "A big grey-brown spider with white side stripes standing on the surface film of still water, legs spread wide. It dives and stays under when disturbed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer, 1837)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12771,
    "gbif_months": [
     153,
     332,
     1028,
     1924,
     2100,
     2167,
     1522,
     1231,
     1117,
     665,
     341,
     168
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 18927,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Dark fishing spider",
   "scientific_name": "Dolomedes tenebrosus",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "chevrons",
     "banded-legs"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "basement",
     "indoor"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "painful"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 15–26 mm, leg span up to 90 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, often well away from water.",
   "tell": "Very large, mottled brown with dark W-shaped chevrons on the abdomen and banded legs, flattened against a tree trunk, a woodpile or a basement wall.",
   "confused_with": "Wolf spiders and, inevitably, tarantulas. Fishing spiders have a flatter posture and their eyes are in two rows of four rather than the wolf spider's two big headlights.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dolomedes tenebrosus Hentz, 1844",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 27370,
    "gbif_months": [
     202,
     306,
     1233,
     3016,
     4967,
     5499,
     3735,
     3205,
     2437,
     1655,
     711,
     302
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 49789,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Texas brown tarantula",
   "scientific_name": "Aphonopelma hentzi",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "burrow"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "painful"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 40–55 mm, leg span up to 110 mm",
   "range": "Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana, New Mexico and Colorado.",
   "tell": "A genuinely large, uniformly dark brown, densely hairy spider living in a silk-lined burrow. Mass wanderings of males across roads happen every autumn in the southern Plains.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "Bite is mechanically painful but medically trivial. The real irritant is the barbed hairs it kicks off its abdomen, which sting skin and are genuinely dangerous to eyes.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aphonopelma hentzi (Girard, 1852)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6118,
    "gbif_months": [
     36,
     39,
     183,
     570,
     1002,
     934,
     348,
     334,
     1344,
     957,
     294,
     75
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 11314,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Trapdoor spider",
   "scientific_name": "Ummidia species",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "burrow"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 12–28 mm",
   "range": "The southern and eastern United States.",
   "tell": "A glossy, almost bald, dark chocolate spider with a shovel-shaped head, found only when the hinged soil-covered lid of its burrow is turned up. Males wander after rain.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ummidia Thorell, 1875",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1541,
    "gbif_months": [
     24,
     17,
     45,
     51,
     123,
     356,
     390,
     57,
     58,
     94,
     82,
     40
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5366,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Woodlouse hunter",
   "scientific_name": "Dysdera crocata",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground",
     "basement"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "painful"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 9–15 mm",
   "range": "North America and Europe, under stones, logs and pots.",
   "tell": "A shiny red-orange head and legs with a pale grey-pink abdomen, and jaws so long and forward-projecting they look wrong for the body. Six eyes, and it eats nothing but woodlice.",
   "confused_with": "Brown recluse, because both have six eyes. The huge jaws and two-tone red-and-cream body separate them instantly.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dysdera crocata C.L.Koch, 1838",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 22126,
    "gbif_months": [
     794,
     942,
     1517,
     2855,
     2835,
     1764,
     2298,
     1787,
     1406,
     1351,
     951,
     621
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 29441,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Parson spider",
   "scientific_name": "Herpyllus ecclesiasticus",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "none"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "stripes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor",
     "ground"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "painful"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Body 8–13 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Flat, velvety black-grey with a single white stripe down the abdomen that breaks into a comma at the rear — the shape of a clerical collar. Runs erratically across a wall or floor at night.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Herpyllus ecclesiasticus Hentz, 1832",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12787,
    "gbif_months": [
     291,
     319,
     544,
     973,
     1603,
     1963,
     2435,
     2210,
     1224,
     599,
     330,
     265
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 22168,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "spider-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/spider-identifier/",
   "name": "Southern house spider",
   "scientific_name": "Kukulcania hibernalis",
   "traits": {
    "web": [
     "funnel",
     "sac"
    ],
    "marking": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "eaves",
     "basement",
     "indoor"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Female body 13–19 mm",
   "range": "Florida and the Gulf states west to California.",
   "tell": "The female is a stout velvety charcoal spider living in a crevice with radiating tangled silk around the opening; the male is a slim tan spider with long legs that wanders indoors.",
   "confused_with": "The male is the single most common false brown recluse report in Florida. It is larger, longer-legged and has eight eyes.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz, 1842)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6235,
    "gbif_months": [
     494,
     435,
     506,
     572,
     463,
     448,
     548,
     572,
     479,
     489,
     436,
     479
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 11476,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Seven-spot and convergent ladybird",
   "scientific_name": "Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia convergens",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "round"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "spotted"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "light"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "beneficial"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–8 mm",
   "range": "Across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Domed, glossy red with black spots, short clubbed antennae. One larva eats several hundred aphids before pupating, which is the entire reason gardeners want them.",
   "confused_with": "Asian lady beetle, which comes in every colour from yellow to red and has a white M or W marking on the shield behind its head.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 717986,
    "gbif_months": [
     9292,
     21477,
     66590,
     112910,
     115985,
     122244,
     95984,
     63665,
     44901,
     32374,
     12408,
     7018
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 305978,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Asian lady beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Harmonia axyridis",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "round"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "spotted",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "garden",
     "light"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "bite"
    ]
   },
   "size": "6–8 mm",
   "range": "Introduced across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Variable orange to red with 0 to 22 spots, and a white shield behind the head marked with a black M or W. Gathers on south-facing walls in autumn and gets indoors in hundreds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Nips skin, stains surfaces with yellow reflex blood when squashed, and causes allergic rhinitis in some people during mass overwintering. Vacuum rather than crush.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1008147,
    "gbif_months": [
     12492,
     16988,
     36501,
     79809,
     156672,
     243053,
     118520,
     98251,
     72808,
     106220,
     45421,
     15417
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 564866,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Japanese beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Popillia japonica",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "metallic",
     "red"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–13 mm",
   "range": "The eastern and midwestern United States, spreading; established in parts of Europe.",
   "tell": "Metallic green head and thorax with coppery wing cases and five tufts of white hair along each side of the abdomen. Feeds in groups, skeletonising leaves between the veins.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Pheromone traps attract more beetles to a garden than they catch. Hand-pick into soapy water in the early morning instead.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/insects/beetle-identifier/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Popillia japonica Newman, 1838",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 166736,
    "gbif_months": [
     34,
     20,
     23,
     75,
     490,
     12137,
     34485,
     15139,
     3544,
     346,
     53,
     13
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 86794,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "June beetle and chafer",
   "scientific_name": "Phyllophaga and Amphimallon species",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "bulky",
     "oval"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "light",
     "ground",
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "15–25 mm",
   "range": "Across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Heavy, glossy reddish-brown, clumsy in flight and noisy against a window on warm nights in early summer. The larvae are the white C-shaped grubs found in lawn turf.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/insects/grub-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Phyllophaga Harris, 1826",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 53159,
    "gbif_months": [
     224,
     494,
     1797,
     6526,
     14101,
     8386,
     4273,
     1216,
     606,
     369,
     309,
     156
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 36649,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern Hercules beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Dynastes tityus",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "horned",
     "bulky"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "spotted"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wood",
     "light"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "40–60 mm",
   "range": "The eastern and southeastern United States.",
   "tell": "Enormous, olive-grey with black blotches, and the males carry a pair of curved horns like pincers. One of the largest and most spectacular insects in North America, and completely harmless.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dynastes tityus (Linnaeus, 1763)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8066,
    "gbif_months": [
     31,
     41,
     60,
     60,
     220,
     2007,
     3662,
     1315,
     365,
     117,
     63,
     61
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 12606,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Stag beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Lucanus species",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "horned",
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wood",
     "light",
     "ground"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "25–75 mm",
   "range": "Deciduous woodland in North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Glossy dark brown with the male's mandibles enlarged into antlers used for wrestling rival males, not for biting. Larvae spend years in rotting hardwood.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "Protected in the UK and declining across Europe. Leave dead wood in place — that is the habitat.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lucanus Scopoli, 1763",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 300544,
    "gbif_months": [
     655,
     255,
     631,
     1582,
     26143,
     141682,
     90831,
     18189,
     2971,
     842,
     278,
     254
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 97118,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Ground beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Carabidae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long",
     "flat"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "metallic"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground",
     "house",
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "beneficial"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–30 mm",
   "range": "Everywhere, with thousands of species.",
   "tell": "Fast-running, glossy black or metallic, with long legs, prominent jaws and deeply grooved wing cases. Runs for cover rather than flying when a stone is lifted.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Carabidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 4720919,
    "gbif_months": [
     79322,
     78487,
     178803,
     411195,
     700121,
     767780,
     686030,
     470861,
     262710,
     148947,
     85942,
     70884
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 801130,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Bombardier beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Brachinus species",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "metallic"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground",
     "water"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "bite"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–15 mm",
   "range": "Damp ground worldwide.",
   "tell": "Rust-orange head and legs with blue-black wing cases, under stones near water. Sprays a boiling quinone jet from its abdomen with an audible pop when handled.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The spray is around 100 °C and stains and irritates skin. Impressive rather than dangerous.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Brachinus Weber, 1801",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 35759,
    "gbif_months": [
     722,
     877,
     2612,
     3330,
     5465,
     6018,
     5437,
     2427,
     1495,
     718,
     588,
     675
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6026,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Rove beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Staphylinidae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground",
     "garden",
     "house"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "beneficial"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–25 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Long and narrow with very short wing cases leaving most of the flexible abdomen exposed, often curled up over the back like a scorpion when disturbed. Usually mistaken for an earwig without pincers.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Staphylinidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2614597,
    "gbif_months": [
     57182,
     65222,
     90991,
     174262,
     321611,
     405378,
     335895,
     217704,
     141702,
     109969,
     75686,
     40599
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 448217,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Firefly and lightning bug",
   "scientific_name": "Lampyridae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long",
     "flat"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "brown",
     "red"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "ground"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–20 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North America and much of Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Soft-bodied, with a shield extending forward over the head so the eyes are hidden from above, marked red and black, and a pale luminous segment at the tip of the abdomen.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lampyridae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 224467,
    "gbif_months": [
     3761,
     4192,
     8071,
     15994,
     24536,
     61100,
     48751,
     14657,
     8637,
     7216,
     5821,
     3246
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 264360,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Click beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Elateridae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "light",
     "ground"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–25 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Long, parallel-sided, tapering at both ends, with backward-pointing corners on the thorax. Turned on its back it snaps a hinge and flips into the air with a loud click. Larvae are wireworms, a root crop pest.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Elateridae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 945929,
    "gbif_months": [
     12270,
     8139,
     14769,
     57581,
     234269,
     251936,
     133483,
     32259,
     11383,
     10793,
     13851,
     10134
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 420915,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Soldier beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Cantharidae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "beneficial"
    ]
   },
   "size": "8–15 mm",
   "range": "North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Soft leathery wing cases in orange and black, on flower heads in high summer, especially goldenrod and umbellifers. Eats aphids and pollen; harmless.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cantharidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 797883,
    "gbif_months": [
     5468,
     4290,
     9087,
     28256,
     163850,
     220401,
     212407,
     48599,
     22644,
     8739,
     5328,
     5182
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 407111,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Blister beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Meloidae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "metallic",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "ground"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "bite"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–25 mm",
   "range": "North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Soft, elongated, with a narrow neck and a head wider than the thorax, often in swarms on legumes and potatoes.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Contains cantharidin, which raises painful blisters on skin contact. Baled into alfalfa hay it kills horses. Do not handle bare-handed.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Meloidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 191822,
    "gbif_months": [
     2939,
     4865,
     18962,
     32452,
     26516,
     27596,
     25592,
     18169,
     8744,
     6294,
     3627,
     2387
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 242215,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Colorado potato beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Leptinotarsa decemlineata",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "round",
     "oval"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "striped",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10 mm",
   "range": "North America and much of Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "Domed and yellow with exactly ten black lengthwise stripes on the wing cases. Larvae are fat orange grubs with two rows of black dots.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 58120,
    "gbif_months": [
     25,
     26,
     137,
     824,
     9179,
     11782,
     20301,
     11775,
     2723,
     919,
     53,
     28
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 20282,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Cucumber beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Acalymma vittatum, Diabrotica undecimpunctata",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval",
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "striped",
     "spotted"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–7 mm",
   "range": "North America.",
   "tell": "Yellow-green with either three black stripes or twelve black spots, on squash and cucumber flowers. Spreads bacterial wilt, which does more damage than the feeding.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Acalymma vittatum (Fabricius, 1775)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9674,
    "gbif_months": [
     13,
     5,
     32,
     144,
     1035,
     3287,
     2058,
     983,
     824,
     767,
     76,
     10
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7413,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Weevil",
   "scientific_name": "Curculionidae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval",
     "bulky"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "garden",
     "pantry",
     "house"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–15 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide; the largest family of animals on Earth.",
   "tell": "The head is drawn out into a long downward-curving snout with elbowed antennae halfway along it. Nothing else has that profile, so the family is unmistakable even when the species is not.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Curculionidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2705656,
    "gbif_months": [
     64518,
     52157,
     82936,
     193171,
     492421,
     535987,
     358987,
     200833,
     115312,
     82513,
     65449,
     54350
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 994268,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Rice and granary weevil",
   "scientific_name": "Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "where": [
     "pantry"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–3 mm",
   "range": "Stored grain worldwide.",
   "tell": "Tiny dark snout beetles walking on rice, pasta or flour, with round exit holes in individual grains where the larva developed inside.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sitophilus oryzae A.Hustache, 1930",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 7408,
    "gbif_months": [
     160,
     99,
     133,
     153,
     158,
     4551,
     182,
     138,
     172,
     107,
     172,
     106
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1709,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Confused and red flour beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Tribolium confusum, T. castaneum",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long",
     "flat"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "red"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "where": [
     "pantry"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–4 mm",
   "range": "Kitchens and mills worldwide.",
   "tell": "Small flat reddish-brown beetles running fast through flour and cereal, which take on a sharp unpleasant smell as the infestation builds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tribolium confusum Jaquelin Du Val, 1868",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1249,
    "gbif_months": [
     75,
     68,
     63,
     144,
     46,
     80,
     66,
     75,
     64,
     89,
     101,
     88
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 43,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Sawtoothed grain beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Oryzaephilus surinamensis",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "flat",
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "where": [
     "pantry"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2.5–3 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Very flat and narrow with six sawtooth projections along each side of the thorax, thin enough to walk into a sealed packet through the fold in the seam.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2733,
    "gbif_months": [
     148,
     73,
     143,
     104,
     154,
     217,
     215,
     198,
     159,
     223,
     250,
     172
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1695,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Carpet beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Anthrenus and Attagenus species",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "round",
     "oval"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "spotted",
     "black",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–4 mm",
   "range": "Homes worldwide.",
   "tell": "Tiny rounded beetles mottled black, white and brown, found on windowsills in spring. The damage is done by the larvae — bristly golden woolly bears in wardrobes and under furniture.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Eats wool, silk, feathers and dried insects. The larval hairs cause an itchy rash sometimes misdiagnosed as bed bug bites.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Anthrenus Geoffroy, 1762",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 61876,
    "gbif_months": [
     788,
     2207,
     7779,
     10899,
     14034,
     12864,
     5124,
     973,
     1197,
     1498,
     868,
     499
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 68557,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Larder and hide beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Dermestes lardarius",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "brown",
     "striped"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "house",
     "pantry"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "7–9 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Black with a broad pale band across the front half of the wing cases carrying six dark dots. Feeds on dried meat, hides, dead insects and animal carcasses in wall voids.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dermestes lardarius Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 13173,
    "gbif_months": [
     195,
     192,
     764,
     2307,
     3362,
     2231,
     1219,
     795,
     615,
     450,
     251,
     194
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 9673,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Powderpost beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Lyctus and Anobium species",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wood",
     "house"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–7 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Rarely seen; the evidence is round exit holes 1 to 2 mm across in hardwood, with fine flour-like frass beneath. Furniture beetle, the common woodworm, is the same story in softwood and plywood.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lyctus Fabricius, 1792",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 3247,
    "gbif_months": [
     134,
     121,
     169,
     187,
     386,
     563,
     376,
     91,
     82,
     121,
     128,
     113
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 411,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Emerald ash borer",
   "scientific_name": "Agrilus planipennis",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "metallic"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wood",
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "8–14 mm",
   "range": "Introduced across North America and spreading in Europe.",
   "tell": "Slender, brilliant metallic green, with a bright coppery-red abdomen under the wing cases. The tree evidence is decisive: D-shaped exit holes about 3 mm across, S-shaped galleries under the bark and blonde flecking from woodpeckers.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees in North America. Report sightings in new counties, and do not move firewood between regions.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5146,
    "gbif_months": [
     235,
     257,
     429,
     519,
     461,
     1009,
     1021,
     286,
     184,
     263,
     210,
     216
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10105,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Longhorn beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Cerambycidae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "brown",
     "striped",
     "metallic"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "wood",
     "light",
     "garden"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "pest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–60 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Antennae as long as the body or longer, often much longer, on a narrow elongated body. Larvae bore in wood, and adults squeak audibly when picked up.",
   "confused_with": "Asian longhorned beetle, glossy black with white spots and banded antennae, is a quarantine pest — report it rather than releasing it.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cerambycidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2482527,
    "gbif_months": [
     36651,
     28966,
     40531,
     105864,
     393286,
     667055,
     620673,
     218600,
     61726,
     43863,
     38656,
     35271
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1278723,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Whirligig and diving beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Gyrinidae, Dytiscidae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "metallic",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "bite"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–40 mm",
   "range": "Ponds and slow water worldwide.",
   "tell": "Whirligigs spin in groups on the surface film; diving beetles are streamlined, glossy, and hang head-down from the surface to renew an air bubble under the wing cases.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "Large diving beetles bite hard enough to draw blood if handled.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Gyrinidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 114530,
    "gbif_months": [
     2890,
     1565,
     5488,
     10230,
     11607,
     11107,
     12577,
     12776,
     13843,
     8787,
     3412,
     1349
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 19450,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Dung beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Scarabaeinae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "round",
     "bulky",
     "horned"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "metallic"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "beneficial"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–30 mm",
   "range": "Pasture worldwide.",
   "tell": "Rounded, heavily armoured, often with horns and a metallic sheen, digging in or rolling balls of dung. Estimated to save the US cattle industry hundreds of millions a year in nutrient cycling and fly control.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Scarabaeinae",
    "rank": "subfamily",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 131657,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Tiger beetle",
   "scientific_name": "Cicindelinae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "long"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "metallic",
     "spotted"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "bite"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–20 mm",
   "range": "Sandy paths, dunes and shorelines worldwide.",
   "tell": "Long-legged, bulging-eyed and metallic, running in fast bursts along a sunny path and flying a few metres ahead of you before landing again. Among the fastest running insects known.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "Large jaws; can pinch if held, but never approaches people.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "beetle-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/beetle-identifier/",
   "name": "Rhinoceros and eastern Hercules larvae",
   "scientific_name": "Scarabaeidae larvae",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "bulky"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "where": [
     "ground",
     "wood"
    ],
    "concern": [
     "harmless"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Up to 60 mm",
   "range": "Compost heaps, mulch and rotten logs worldwide.",
   "tell": "Very large white C-shaped grubs with an orange head and a dark rear end, found in compost or rotting wood. These are decomposers, not lawn pests — turf-damaging grubs are much smaller and are in the root zone of living grass.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Scarabaeidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 3306274,
    "gbif_months": [
     112554,
     99798,
     116086,
     238336,
     493871,
     520885,
     491211,
     252108,
     157578,
     110916,
     124070,
     112823
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Monarch",
   "scientific_name": "Danaus plexippus",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "orange",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands",
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 9–10 cm",
   "range": "Across North America; migrates to Mexico and coastal California.",
   "tell": "Deep orange with heavy black veins and a black border spotted white. Males have a small black scent patch on a hindwing vein. Glides on flat wings between wingbeats.",
   "confused_with": "Viceroy, which is smaller and has an extra black line running across the hindwing veins that the monarch lacks.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 799895,
    "gbif_months": [
     9336,
     8659,
     13309,
     20004,
     19174,
     31093,
     80336,
     99620,
     67613,
     44771,
     19356,
     10444
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 532510,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Viceroy",
   "scientific_name": "Limenitis archippus",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "orange",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 6–8 cm",
   "range": "Wet ground with willow across North America.",
   "tell": "A monarch at three-quarters size with one extra black line curving across the hindwing veins. Flies with quicker, flatter, more erratic wingbeats.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Limenitis archippus Cramer, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 54362,
    "gbif_months": [
     136,
     92,
     401,
     1373,
     2350,
     8082,
     10809,
     15412,
     9195,
     2500,
     415,
     154
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 51860,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Painted lady",
   "scientific_name": "Vanessa cardui",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "orange",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "eyespots",
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 5–7 cm",
   "range": "Every continent except Antarctica — the most widespread butterfly on Earth.",
   "tell": "Salmon-orange marbled with black and white, with four small eyespots along the underside of the hindwing. Migrates in enormous irruptions in some years.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1577323,
    "gbif_months": [
     4650,
     6608,
     15611,
     37228,
     163002,
     351922,
     330627,
     413003,
     130724,
     39577,
     11490,
     6607
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 204548,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Red admiral",
   "scientific_name": "Vanessa atalanta",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "orange"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands",
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 5–7 cm",
   "range": "North America, Europe and North Africa.",
   "tell": "Velvet black with a bold scarlet band across each forewing and along the hindwing edge, and white spots at the wingtip. Territorial and will approach a person standing in its patch.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3185303,
    "gbif_months": [
     10062,
     24532,
     52542,
     90748,
     187537,
     393241,
     789106,
     692643,
     522981,
     243400,
     58156,
     13479
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 290895,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Mourning cloak",
   "scientific_name": "Nymphalis antiopa",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "blue"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands",
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 6–8 cm",
   "range": "North America and Europe, where it is the Camberwell beauty.",
   "tell": "Deep maroon-brown with a ragged cream border and a row of blue spots inside it. Overwinters as an adult, so it is often the first butterfly seen in late winter on a warm day.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 247233,
    "gbif_months": [
     1313,
     2120,
     11660,
     44127,
     41011,
     22434,
     23584,
     43846,
     14949,
     3172,
     742,
     500
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 96125,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern tiger swallowtail",
   "scientific_name": "Papilio glaucus",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands",
     "tails"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 8–14 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Large, yellow, with four black tiger stripes on each forewing and a tail on each hindwing. Some females are entirely black, mimicking the poisonous pipevine swallowtail.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 127549,
    "gbif_months": [
     76,
     258,
     5121,
     10558,
     10060,
     13004,
     32323,
     39434,
     10468,
     1481,
     273,
     86
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 207099,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Black swallowtail",
   "scientific_name": "Papilio polyxenes",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "yellow",
     "blue"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots",
     "tails"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 7–10 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Black with two rows of yellow spots, a band of blue on the hindwing and an orange eyespot with a black pupil near the tail. Caterpillars feed on parsley and dill.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 118300,
    "gbif_months": [
     429,
     1056,
     2975,
     7216,
     13316,
     16930,
     25539,
     26144,
     13695,
     4558,
     1041,
     399
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 142960,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Cabbage white",
   "scientific_name": "Pieris rapae",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 4–5 cm",
   "range": "Worldwide wherever brassicas grow.",
   "tell": "Plain white with black wingtips and one black spot on the male forewing, two on the female. The commonest butterfly in most gardens and the parent of the cabbage caterpillar.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3687718,
    "gbif_months": [
     6795,
     9477,
     40569,
     220211,
     373856,
     345856,
     995610,
     1023713,
     455607,
     77783,
     11947,
     8753
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 262993,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Clouded sulphur",
   "scientific_name": "Colias philodice",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots",
     "plain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 3.5–5.5 cm",
   "range": "Fields and roadsides across North America.",
   "tell": "Lemon-yellow with a narrow dark border, and a small silver spot ringed pink on the underside of the hindwing. Always settles with the wings closed, so the upper side is rarely seen.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Colias philodice Godart, 1819",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 60685,
    "gbif_months": [
     28,
     47,
     187,
     906,
     4668,
     6104,
     14172,
     13852,
     11741,
     6071,
     962,
     36
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 44706,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern tailed-blue and spring azure",
   "scientific_name": "Cupido comyntas, Celastrina ladon",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots",
     "tails"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 2–3 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Tiny, powder blue above and pale grey speckled below, often gathering in numbers at damp mud. The tailed-blue has a minute hair-like tail and two orange spots at the hindwing edge.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cupido comyntas (Godart, 1824)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 15109,
    "gbif_months": [
     111,
     63,
     215,
     659,
     1387,
     1691,
     3561,
     4138,
     2425,
     591,
     87,
     22
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Great spangled fritillary",
   "scientific_name": "Speyeria cybele",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "orange",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 6–9 cm",
   "range": "Meadows across North America.",
   "tell": "Bright orange above with dark chevrons; the underside of the hindwing carries big silver spots on a rich brown ground, which is the diagnostic feature.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 62911,
    "gbif_months": [
     9,
     1,
     12,
     112,
     3578,
     13854,
     22373,
     13187,
     5039,
     347,
     30,
     6
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Common buckeye",
   "scientific_name": "Junonia coenia",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "orange"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "eyespots",
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 4–6.5 cm",
   "range": "The southern and central United States, spreading north each summer.",
   "tell": "Brown with six large multi-coloured eyespots — two on each forewing, two on each hindwing — and two orange bars near the leading edge. Basks on bare ground with wings flat.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Junonia coenia Hübner",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 95263,
    "gbif_months": [
     1011,
     1052,
     3315,
     9364,
     6931,
     7635,
     9968,
     14066,
     16780,
     15581,
     5843,
     1509
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 109984,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Silver-spotted skipper",
   "scientific_name": "Epargyreus clarus",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "butterfly"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "white"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 4.5–6.5 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Stout, hairy and fast, with a bright silver-white patch on the underside of the hindwing. Skippers sit with the forewings raised and the hindwings flat, a posture nothing else uses.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Epargyreus clarus (Cramer, 1775)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 95171,
    "gbif_months": [
     20,
     45,
     724,
     3464,
     6703,
     16808,
     29925,
     24748,
     8269,
     1219,
     65,
     11
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 106318,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Luna moth",
   "scientific_name": "Actias luna",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "eyespots",
     "tails"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 8–11 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Pale sea-green with a purple leading edge, a translucent eyespot on each wing and long sweeping tails on the hindwings. The adult has no mouth and lives about a week.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Actias luna Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 47535,
    "gbif_months": [
     54,
     377,
     2658,
     4665,
     7204,
     11555,
     8994,
     8319,
     2637,
     733,
     173,
     42
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 69812,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Cecropia moth",
   "scientific_name": "Hyalophora cecropia",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "pink"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "eyespots",
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 12–16 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "The largest moth in North America: red-brown with white crescent moons on every wing, a red and white band and a furry red body. Males find females by pheromone from several kilometres.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hyalophora cecropia Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 13844,
    "gbif_months": [
     210,
     340,
     916,
     1165,
     2012,
     4247,
     1928,
     1943,
     541,
     100,
     132,
     187
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 20547,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Polyphemus moth",
   "scientific_name": "Antheraea polyphemus",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "eyespots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 10–15 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Tan to reddish-brown with a large transparent-centred eyespot on each hindwing, ringed yellow, blue and black. The eyespots are flashed to startle a predator.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Antheraea polyphemus Cramer, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 53407,
    "gbif_months": [
     691,
     1240,
     3034,
     3195,
     5589,
     10912,
     10690,
     8458,
     5241,
     2484,
     1094,
     601
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 80988,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Io moth",
   "scientific_name": "Automeris io",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow",
     "pink"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "eyespots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 6–9 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Males are plain yellow, females purple-brown, and both flash a huge black-and-blue eyespot on the hindwing when disturbed. The caterpillar stings.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Automeris io Fabricius, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 24812,
    "gbif_months": [
     297,
     313,
     572,
     1068,
     2270,
     8319,
     3813,
     3435,
     2297,
     1091,
     669,
     393
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 33351,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Hummingbird clearwing",
   "scientific_name": "Hemaris thysbe",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "pink",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "clear"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 4–5.5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "A day-flying moth that hovers at flowers with a loud hum and a whirring blur of wings, with large clear panels in the wings and an olive and burgundy body. Constantly reported as a baby hummingbird.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hemaris thysbe Fabricius, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 21951,
    "gbif_months": [
     9,
     8,
     78,
     399,
     791,
     2686,
     9880,
     6796,
     1052,
     125,
     22,
     4
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 30581,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "White-lined sphinx",
   "scientific_name": "Hyles lineata",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "pink"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "dusk",
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 6–9 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "A fast, heavy, streamlined moth with a white stripe down each forewing and a broad pink band across the hindwing, hovering at flowers at dusk. Often mistaken for a hummingbird.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hyles lineata Fabricius, 1775",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 56270,
    "gbif_months": [
     373,
     2019,
     8121,
     10005,
     6323,
     4354,
     5340,
     8482,
     7245,
     2897,
     684,
     218
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 78500,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Tomato and tobacco hornworm moth",
   "scientific_name": "Manduca species",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots",
     "plain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 9–13 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "A large grey-brown sphinx moth with a row of orange-yellow spots along each side of the abdomen. The adult of the green hornworm caterpillar found on tomatoes.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Manduca Hübner",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 49129,
    "gbif_months": [
     819,
     840,
     1096,
     1830,
     3510,
     4662,
     9649,
     11563,
     8213,
     3692,
     1456,
     711
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 64410,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Isabella tiger moth",
   "scientific_name": "Pyrrharctia isabella",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "yellow",
     "orange"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 4–6 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "A modest yellow-orange moth with faint dark spots — famous entirely for its caterpillar, the black-and-rust woolly bear crossing roads in autumn.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pyrrharctia isabella J.E.Smith, 1797",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 73490,
    "gbif_months": [
     820,
     1081,
     2927,
     4397,
     3974,
     6950,
     5732,
     5279,
     13329,
     22431,
     5056,
     1387
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 102854,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Rosy maple moth",
   "scientific_name": "Dryocampa rubicunda",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "pink",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 3–5 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Bright candy pink and lemon yellow with a woolly body — an implausible-looking moth that turns up on porch screens in early summer and is often assumed to be a toy.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dryocampa rubicunda Fabricius, 1793",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 26552,
    "gbif_months": [
     9,
     66,
     310,
     1030,
     4466,
     9561,
     7396,
     3079,
     438,
     76,
     8,
     13
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 34922,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Underwing moth",
   "scientific_name": "Catocala species",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "orange",
     "pink"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands",
     "plain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 5–10 cm",
   "range": "Woodland across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Forewings mottled grey and brown for perfect bark camouflage, hiding hindwings banded in vivid orange, red, pink or white that flash when it takes off.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Catocala Schrank, 1802",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 364916,
    "gbif_months": [
     450,
     208,
     478,
     1786,
     9429,
     19817,
     77555,
     124307,
     74058,
     10970,
     550,
     205
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 151617,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Spongy moth",
   "scientific_name": "Lymantria dispar",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day",
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 3.5–6 cm",
   "range": "The northeastern US, the Great Lakes and eastern Canada.",
   "tell": "Males are brown with feathery antennae and fly by day in a fast zigzag; females are heavy, near-white with dark chevrons, and barely fly at all. A major forest defoliator.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Egg masses look like buff felt patches on trunks, vehicles and firewood, and moving them is how the moth spreads. Scrape and destroy them.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 146176,
    "gbif_months": [
     603,
     568,
     945,
     1862,
     16271,
     30607,
     49866,
     37377,
     2697,
     925,
     630,
     493
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 83343,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Clothes moth",
   "scientific_name": "Tineola bisselliella",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "plain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 1–1.5 cm",
   "range": "Homes worldwide.",
   "tell": "A tiny plain golden-buff moth that runs and scuttles rather than flying to a light. The damage is done by the larvae in wool, silk and feathers, not by the adult, which does not feed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Tineola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2907,
    "gbif_months": [
     122,
     148,
     271,
     354,
     366,
     405,
     316,
     208,
     162,
     115,
     85,
     94
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4533,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Indian meal moth",
   "scientific_name": "Plodia interpunctella",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 1.5–2 cm",
   "range": "Kitchens worldwide.",
   "tell": "A small moth whose forewing is pale at the base and coppery-brown beyond a sharp dividing line. Larvae leave silk webbing through flour, cereal, nuts and dried fruit.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 30882,
    "gbif_months": [
     1112,
     1207,
     1717,
     2517,
     3320,
     4891,
     3846,
     4038,
     3522,
     2043,
     1185,
     915
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 19730,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Peppered moth",
   "scientific_name": "Biston betularia",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "black"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "night"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "plain",
     "spots"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 4.5–6 cm",
   "range": "Britain, Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "White finely speckled with black, resting flat against a lichen-covered trunk. The dark melanic form that spread during industrial pollution and receded afterwards is the textbook case of natural selection observed in the wild.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 299596,
    "gbif_months": [
     155,
     55,
     152,
     1064,
     29999,
     103541,
     124543,
     20073,
     2382,
     673,
     80,
     195
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 19804,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "butterfly-moth-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/butterfly-moth-identifier/",
   "name": "Hummingbird hawk-moth",
   "scientific_name": "Macroglossum stellatarum",
   "traits": {
    "group": [
     "moth"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "orange"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "when": [
     "day"
    ],
    "mark": [
     "bands"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wingspan 4–5 cm",
   "range": "Southern Europe, migrating north each summer; not native to North America.",
   "tell": "Hovers at flowers by day with an audible hum and orange hindwings, uncoiling a very long proboscis. The commonest \"I saw a hummingbird in England\" report.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Macroglossum stellatarum Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 371576,
    "gbif_months": [
     945,
     2703,
     9906,
     10250,
     14626,
     72768,
     94072,
     81797,
     54242,
     21889,
     2302,
     748
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 51075,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Domestic dog",
   "scientific_name": "Canis familiaris",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk",
     "bound"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "forest",
     "open",
     "water",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 4–10 cm depending on breed",
   "range": "Anywhere people are, and most places they are not.",
   "tell": "Round-to-oval print, blunt claws that usually print, toes splayed outward, and a trail that wanders — a dog investigates everything and its track line reflects that.",
   "confused_with": "Coyote. Draw an X between the pads: in a dog the X is broken by the toes crowding inward, in a coyote it stays clean. Then look at the trail — coyotes travel purposefully in a near-straight line, dogs do not.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/animals/animal-track-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 87768,
    "gbif_months": [
     4338,
     3944,
     5779,
     6713,
     6371,
     8122,
     8298,
     7874,
     6707,
     5702,
     5545,
     5038
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 155244,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Coyote",
   "scientific_name": "Canis latrans",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "open",
     "forest",
     "yard",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 6–7.5 cm long, clearly longer than wide",
   "range": "The whole of North America including city centres.",
   "tell": "A compact oval with the two front toes close together and pointing forward, small claw dots, and a hard, efficient straight-line trail that crosses open ground without detouring.",
   "confused_with": "Medium dogs. Coyote tracks are narrower for their length and the trail is the real evidence: a straight bearing over a long distance is almost never a dog.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Canis latrans Say, 1823",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 105972,
    "gbif_months": [
     10700,
     9372,
     9081,
     9403,
     9154,
     7979,
     8060,
     7037,
     7008,
     7982,
     8887,
     9255
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 159152,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Red fox",
   "scientific_name": "Vulpes vulpes",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "open",
     "yard",
     "forest",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 4.5–6 cm",
   "range": "Farmland, suburbs and forest edge across North America, Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "Small dainty canine print with a distinctive bar or chevron across the heel pad, and in winter the dense foot fur blurs the whole outline into a fuzzy oval.",
   "confused_with": "Cat tracks — but a fox prints claws and a cat does not.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2011801,
    "gbif_months": [
     145793,
     118916,
     132575,
     147587,
     156198,
     136996,
     115996,
     95431,
     81090,
     88987,
     95284,
     103556
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 166296,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Gray wolf",
   "scientific_name": "Canis lupus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 10–13 cm long",
   "range": "Northern Rockies, Great Lakes, Alaska, Canada and northern Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Dog-shaped but massive, with heavy blunt claws and toes so large that a wolf print will not fit inside your palm. Trail is a long straight economical line.",
   "confused_with": "Large dogs, which is why size alone never settles it. Wolves place hind foot directly into the front print, producing a single clean line of prints.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 218861,
    "gbif_months": [
     13332,
     11583,
     13739,
     13685,
     15030,
     18530,
     17172,
     19082,
     16084,
     12779,
     12639,
     12378
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 155244,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Domestic cat",
   "scientific_name": "Felis catus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 2.5–4 cm, as wide as it is long",
   "range": "Suburbs and farmland worldwide.",
   "tell": "Round print with no claw marks and an asymmetric arrangement — one toe leads, exactly as your middle finger does. The rear of the heel pad has three lobes.",
   "confused_with": "Fox. If claws printed, it is not a cat. Retractable claws are the whole diagnostic.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 217740,
    "gbif_months": [
     20201,
     13512,
     17381,
     21699,
     20935,
     16780,
     18101,
     16874,
     15682,
     17356,
     14610,
     12269
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 191591,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Bobcat",
   "scientific_name": "Lynx rufus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 4–5.5 cm",
   "range": "Almost all of the contiguous United States and northern Mexico.",
   "tell": "A house-cat print scaled up by half: round, clawless, leading toe offset, three-lobed rear on the heel pad. Trail follows cover — walls, hedgerows, ditch lines.",
   "confused_with": "Large house cats. Above 5 cm you are in bobcat territory; below 4 cm you are not.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 91961,
    "gbif_months": [
     11695,
     14216,
     14467,
     7736,
     7128,
     5097,
     4931,
     4409,
     4106,
     4043,
     5287,
     7835
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 54972,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Mountain lion",
   "scientific_name": "Puma concolor",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 7–10 cm wide",
   "range": "Western North America, Florida, and the whole of South America.",
   "tell": "Very large, wider than long, no claws, with a heel pad that is enormous relative to the toes and has two lobes at the front and three at the back.",
   "confused_with": "Big dogs. The clawless round toes and the M-shaped heel pad settle it — no canid prints without claws.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23522,
    "gbif_months": [
     2428,
     1804,
     2115,
     1928,
     1732,
     1632,
     1828,
     1470,
     1610,
     1657,
     1833,
     1976
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 18024,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Black bear",
   "scientific_name": "Ursus americanus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk",
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "snow",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind 15–18 cm long; front 10–13 cm wide",
   "range": "Forested North America from Florida to Alaska.",
   "tell": "The hind track looks unnervingly like a broad, flat human foot with five toes in a shallow arc and short claw dots close to the toes.",
   "confused_with": "Grizzly. On a black bear the claws sit close behind the toe pads; on a grizzly they print two to three toe-lengths ahead.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 57375,
    "gbif_months": [
     534,
     411,
     934,
     2836,
     8587,
     11055,
     9740,
     8118,
     6168,
     4241,
     2231,
     1043
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 93627,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Grizzly bear",
   "scientific_name": "Ursus arctos horribilis",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-long"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk",
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front pad 13–18 cm wide",
   "range": "Alaska, western Canada, the northern Rockies.",
   "tell": "Front claws print far ahead of the toes — often 5 to 8 cm clear of them — and the toes sit in a straighter line than the black bear's curved arc.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "A fresh grizzly track means leave the drainage, make noise, and do not follow it.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 52541,
    "gbif_months": [
     505,
     140,
     464,
     1646,
     4800,
     5784,
     8086,
     12562,
     8142,
     2179,
     618,
     250
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 21784,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Raccoon",
   "scientific_name": "Procyon lotor",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "pair"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "water",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 5–7 cm, hind 7–10 cm",
   "range": "All of North America and, as an introduction, much of Europe and Japan.",
   "tell": "Five long slender toes on a small palm — the print looks like a tiny human hand. The trail is the giveaway: a front foot and the opposite hind foot land side by side, over and over.",
   "confused_with": "Opossum. The opossum hind foot has a thumb pointing sideways at nearly ninety degrees; the raccoon has nothing like it.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 189281,
    "gbif_months": [
     11473,
     14682,
     18087,
     20598,
     20692,
     17988,
     16295,
     13955,
     14322,
     15298,
     11827,
     9619
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 198811,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Virginia opossum",
   "scientific_name": "Didelphis virginiana",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "forest",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front and hind both 4–6 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central United States, the Pacific coast, and into Ontario.",
   "tell": "The hind foot carries an opposable clawless thumb held out to the side, so the print looks like a starfish with one finger pointing the wrong way. Nothing else in North America does this.",
   "confused_with": "Raccoon, until you find one clean hind print with the thumb.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 61120,
    "gbif_months": [
     4590,
     5139,
     6024,
     7560,
     6172,
     3875,
     4103,
     3883,
     4419,
     4994,
     4571,
     4287
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 75334,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Striped skunk",
   "scientific_name": "Mephitis mephitis",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-long"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "open",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 3–4.5 cm including claws",
   "range": "Across North America, including dense suburbs.",
   "tell": "A small five-toed print with front claws that print as long parallel scratches — the animal digs for grubs, and the front feet are built for it. The hind track shows a long flat heel like a miniature bear.",
   "confused_with": "Young raccoon. The skunk's claw marks are proportionally far longer and the toes much stubbier.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Mephitis mephitis (Schreber, 1776)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 39206,
    "gbif_months": [
     2127,
     3030,
     3208,
     2773,
     3307,
     4185,
     4310,
     4046,
     3743,
     3339,
     2291,
     1911
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 50687,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "River otter",
   "scientific_name": "Lontra canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "bound"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "water",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 5–7 cm, hind 6–9 cm",
   "range": "Rivers, lakes and coasts throughout North America.",
   "tell": "Broad five-toed print, sometimes with webbing printed between the toes, and — the real signature — a slide: a smooth trough 20 to 30 cm wide in snow or mud where the animal stopped running and tobogganed.",
   "confused_with": "Beaver, which shares the habitat. Beaver hind feet are far larger and fully webbed, and a beaver leaves a tail drag.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 27214,
    "gbif_months": [
     2656,
     2433,
     2604,
     2971,
     1943,
     1791,
     1924,
     2070,
     1676,
     1836,
     2141,
     2503
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 40117,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "American mink",
   "scientific_name": "Neogale vison",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "bound"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "water",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–4 cm, in bounding pairs 30–60 cm apart",
   "range": "Water margins across North America; introduced across Europe.",
   "tell": "Small star-shaped five-toed prints that appear in tight diagonal pairs along the very edge of the water, following the bank rather than crossing open ground.",
   "confused_with": "Marten, which is a forest animal. Habitat separates them almost perfectly.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Neogale Gray, 1865",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 36710,
    "gbif_months": [
     10173,
     1484,
     2810,
     2461,
     2337,
     2475,
     3746,
     3285,
     1856,
     1484,
     1581,
     1920
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 26324,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "American badger",
   "scientific_name": "Taxidea taxus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t5"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-long"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 5–7 cm plus 2–3 cm of claw",
   "range": "Grassland and open country from the Great Plains west.",
   "tell": "Massive front claws print as long grooves well ahead of the toes, and the whole trail is pigeon-toed — the front feet point noticeably inward. Usually found near a fresh elliptical burrow with a spoil fan.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6510,
    "gbif_months": [
     260,
     196,
     315,
     443,
     695,
     910,
     966,
     804,
     468,
     441,
     366,
     290
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7496,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Beaver",
   "scientific_name": "Castor canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind 12–18 cm, front 5–7 cm",
   "range": "Streams, ponds and rivers across North America and reintroduced across Europe.",
   "tell": "Enormous webbed hind feet dwarf the small hand-like front feet, and a broad tail drag frequently erases the prints between them. Look for gnawed stumps within a few metres.",
   "confused_with": "Otter. The webbed hind foot over 12 cm is beaver; otters do not reach that size and do not drag a wide flat tail.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 98674,
    "gbif_months": [
     4347,
     3899,
     37891,
     10226,
     8834,
     6038,
     5334,
     4491,
     4044,
     4091,
     3702,
     3586
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 92592,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Muskrat",
   "scientific_name": "Ondatra zibethicus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind 5–7 cm, front 3–3.5 cm",
   "range": "Marshes, canals and slow rivers across North America and much of Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Hind foot fringed with stiff swimming hairs that print as a faint halo, front foot showing only four usable toes, and a thin whip-like tail drag between the prints.",
   "confused_with": "Young beaver — but the muskrat tail drag is a narrow line, the beaver's a broad smear.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1521958,
    "gbif_months": [
     105690,
     114317,
     149571,
     112581,
     94465,
     94300,
     73587,
     64573,
     96001,
     122310,
     103585,
     73088
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 58793,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "North American porcupine",
   "scientific_name": "Erethizon dorsatum",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-long"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind 7–10 cm",
   "range": "Forests of Canada, the northern US and the Rockies.",
   "tell": "The sole prints with a distinctly pebbled, warty texture, the trail is strongly pigeon-toed, and in snow the low-slung body ploughs a trough with quill-drag marks at the sides.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Erethizon dorsatus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 25858,
    "gbif_months": [
     1135,
     1368,
     1694,
     2747,
     3988,
     3095,
     2803,
     2444,
     2060,
     1812,
     1180,
     979
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 33732,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern gray squirrel",
   "scientific_name": "Sciurus carolinensis",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "bound"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "forest",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind 4–6 cm, front 2.5–3 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America, introduced across Britain, Ireland and Italy.",
   "tell": "Bounding groups of four with the two larger hind prints landing side by side in front of the two smaller front prints — and the trail runs tree to tree rather than along the ground.",
   "confused_with": "Rabbit, which uses the same pattern. A rabbit places its front feet one behind the other, a squirrel places them side by side.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 639744,
    "gbif_months": [
     40393,
     35073,
     49455,
     86131,
     73039,
     65069,
     36801,
     35385,
     57861,
     67838,
     44054,
     35693
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 401862,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern cottontail",
   "scientific_name": "Sylvilagus floridanus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "hop"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "open",
     "snow",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind 7–9 cm, front 2.5–4 cm",
   "range": "Fields, hedges and gardens across eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Furry feet leave soft-edged prints with almost no pad detail, in a long Y: two hind prints ahead, two front prints in a line behind them.",
   "confused_with": "Squirrel. Rabbit front feet land one in front of the other; squirrel front feet land level.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sylvilagus floridanus (J.A.Allen, 1890)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 149003,
    "gbif_months": [
     4427,
     4726,
     7701,
     21088,
     25731,
     25164,
     23461,
     13614,
     8613,
     5218,
     3380,
     3804
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 208047,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Snowshoe hare",
   "scientific_name": "Lepus americanus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t4"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "hop"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "snow",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind up to 12–15 cm when splayed",
   "range": "Boreal forest of Canada, New England, the Rockies and the Cascades.",
   "tell": "The same rabbit Y, but the hind feet splay enormously in soft snow — a print far wider than any cottontail's, which is the whole point of the animal.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 25265,
    "gbif_months": [
     1080,
     1281,
     1328,
     1713,
     2712,
     3151,
     3194,
     1888,
     835,
     633,
     775,
     865
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 25042,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "White-tailed deer",
   "scientific_name": "Odocoileus virginianus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "cloven"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "yard",
     "open",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–8 cm long",
   "range": "Almost everywhere east of the Rockies, and much of the west.",
   "tell": "Two pointed crescents forming a heart shape with the point in the direction of travel. Dewclaws print behind only in deep mud, snow or when running.",
   "confused_with": "Sheep and goat, which have blunter, more parallel halves. A pointed tip is deer.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 347824,
    "gbif_months": [
     29856,
     19861,
     23103,
     31237,
     31046,
     37377,
     35958,
     30540,
     25544,
     26181,
     26937,
     20268
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 418677,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Mule deer",
   "scientific_name": "Odocoileus hemionus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "cloven"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "bound",
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "open",
     "forest",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "6–9 cm long",
   "range": "Western North America from the Great Plains to the Pacific.",
   "tell": "Slightly larger and blunter than a white-tail, and the trail often shows the species' stiff-legged four-footed bounce, with all four prints landing in a tight cluster.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 146227,
    "gbif_months": [
     7999,
     7084,
     9174,
     12002,
     13718,
     17252,
     19313,
     16108,
     12650,
     11484,
     10795,
     8167
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 205665,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Elk",
   "scientific_name": "Cervus canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "cloven"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "9–11 cm long",
   "range": "Rocky Mountains, the Pacific Northwest and reintroduced herds in the east.",
   "tell": "Big, rounded at the tip rather than pointed, and roughly as wide as it is long — a deer track that has stopped looking like a heart and started looking like a cow.",
   "confused_with": "Cattle, which share the blunt shape. Cattle prints are wider still and the two halves splay apart.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 41871,
    "gbif_months": [
     1919,
     1911,
     2581,
     3006,
     4482,
     5902,
     6148,
     4730,
     4021,
     3208,
     2054,
     1751
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 63821,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Moose",
   "scientific_name": "Alces alces",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "cloven"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "water",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "12–17 cm long",
   "range": "Alaska, Canada, New England, the northern Rockies and northern Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Enormous and sharply pointed, with the two halves splaying apart in soft ground and heavy dewclaw marks behind. Stride length alone — well over a metre — rules out everything else.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 144605,
    "gbif_months": [
     12462,
     6254,
     7960,
     29515,
     24949,
     16086,
     13532,
     9082,
     7664,
     6302,
     3506,
     3448
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 71078,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild boar",
   "scientific_name": "Sus scrofa",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "cloven"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–8 cm, wider than long",
   "range": "The US South and California, and across Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "Rounded, splayed and squat, with dewclaws printing wide of the main hooves rather than behind them — so the whole print is broader than a deer's. Rooted-up ground nearby confirms it.",
   "confused_with": "Deer. Boar tracks are wider than long, deer tracks are longer than wide.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1182624,
    "gbif_months": [
     39604,
     33976,
     38860,
     47818,
     49540,
     40243,
     36003,
     36404,
     37709,
     38269,
     46182,
     37881
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 71553,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Horse",
   "scientific_name": "Equus caballus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "hoof"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "open",
     "forest",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–15 cm across",
   "range": "Trails, farmland and open range everywhere.",
   "tell": "One solid rounded hoof, often with the U of a metal shoe and nail heads printed. Unshod horses leave a clean crescent with the triangular frog visible in the centre.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 90643,
    "gbif_months": [
     2288,
     3935,
     5364,
     5352,
     7850,
     7461,
     11216,
     9957,
     5796,
     9878,
     9391,
     6792
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 47339,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Domestic cattle",
   "scientific_name": "Bos taurus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "cloven"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "open",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–13 cm",
   "range": "Pasture and open range worldwide.",
   "tell": "Two large blunt crescents that spread widely apart, leaving a print rounder and much heavier than any wild deer. Where they gather, the ground is churned into a lattice of overlapping prints.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 442178,
    "gbif_months": [
     37429,
     24203,
     42377,
     28362,
     26593,
     15731,
     22988,
     26613,
     25904,
     26929,
     52794,
     46864
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 56526,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Nine-banded armadillo",
   "scientific_name": "Dasypus novemcinctus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-long"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3.5–5 cm",
   "range": "The US South from Texas to Florida, and north through Missouri.",
   "tell": "Deep narrow claw punches that read at first glance like a miniature cloven hoof, alongside shallow cone-shaped snout holes where the animal rooted for grubs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 27269,
    "gbif_months": [
     2314,
     1265,
     1720,
     1549,
     1536,
     918,
     1487,
     2065,
     2021,
     1732,
     3633,
     5254
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 2628,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Groundhog",
   "scientific_name": "Marmota monax",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-long"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "open",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Front 4.5–6 cm with claws",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Chunky front prints with four long digging claws and a heavy hind print with five toes, always within a short run of a burrow mouth about 25 cm across with a fan of earth outside it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 47034,
    "gbif_months": [
     118,
     405,
     2408,
     7158,
     9148,
     8380,
     6906,
     5260,
     4006,
     2126,
     630,
     141
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 64791,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild turkey",
   "scientific_name": "Meleagris gallopavo",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "bird"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "forest",
     "open",
     "snow",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–13 cm from middle toe to heel",
   "range": "Woodland and field edge across North America.",
   "tell": "Three thick forward toes with a short hind toe printing as a dash behind the middle one, in a long alternating walking line. Prints are far heavier than any songbird.",
   "confused_with": "Great blue heron, which is even bigger and only found at water.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2840016,
    "gbif_months": [
     175670,
     182045,
     256145,
     485871,
     556576,
     238432,
     165807,
     163677,
     178157,
     155036,
     123906,
     154340
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 198270,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Great blue heron",
   "scientific_name": "Ardea herodias",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "bird"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "15–20 cm",
   "range": "Shorelines, marshes and pond edges across North America.",
   "tell": "Huge, extremely long thin toes with a fully developed backward toe printing in line with the middle one, walking slowly along the water's edge in a nearly straight single file.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ardea herodias Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 14194317,
    "gbif_months": [
     1037826,
     838966,
     991363,
     1572081,
     1872539,
     1030663,
     1051949,
     1280073,
     1367518,
     1211219,
     984224,
     950343
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 457969,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Canada goose and ducks",
   "scientific_name": "Branta canadensis, Anas species",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "bird"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-no"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk",
     "waddle"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "water",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Goose 8–11 cm; mallard 5–7 cm",
   "range": "Ponds, rivers, lawns and playing fields across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Three forward toes joined by a webbing that prints as a smooth triangle between them. Trail is a wide alternating waddle.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23296736,
    "gbif_months": [
     1773889,
     1763507,
     2795303,
     3650204,
     3680991,
     1200547,
     985069,
     1178063,
     1524742,
     1686628,
     1478106,
     1481067
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 482254,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Crow and raven",
   "scientific_name": "Corvus brachyrhynchos, C. corax",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "bird"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "walk",
     "hop"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "forest",
     "open",
     "snow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Crow 6–8 cm; raven 9–11 cm",
   "range": "Everywhere in North America and Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Three slim forward toes and one long backward toe, in an alternating walk rather than the paired hop of most songbirds. Ravens are half again as large and often leave wing-tip sweeps in snow.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Corvus brachyrhynchos C.L.Brehm, 1822",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 29072171,
    "gbif_months": [
     2267643,
     2405574,
     2795768,
     3395458,
     3805170,
     2203128,
     1750940,
     1793862,
     2219205,
     2367279,
     1959076,
     2100091
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 219015,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "House mouse and voles",
   "scientific_name": "Mus musculus, Microtus species",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "bound",
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "snow",
     "open",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Under 1.5 cm",
   "range": "Everywhere, indoors and out.",
   "tell": "Tiny four-toed front and five-toed hind prints, usually with a fine tail drag, appearing along walls, beams and the edges of snow-covered runways rather than in the open.",
   "confused_with": "Shrews, which are effectively the same size. At this scale the tail drag and the runway system tell you more than the print does.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 214725,
    "gbif_months": [
     11378,
     13418,
     23051,
     24021,
     22161,
     13571,
     10352,
     13732,
     13442,
     15018,
     14103,
     10102
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-track-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-track-identifier/",
   "name": "Norway rat",
   "scientific_name": "Rattus norvegicus",
   "traits": {
    "toes": [
     "t45"
    ],
    "claws": [
     "claws-yes"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "gait": [
     "bound",
     "walk"
    ],
    "habitat": [
     "yard",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hind 2–4 cm",
   "range": "Cities, farms and waterfronts worldwide.",
   "tell": "A larger mouse print with a thick, unmistakable tail drag, running in a consistent greasy path along a wall, pipe or fence line — rats use the same route every night.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 248585,
    "gbif_months": [
     19026,
     16282,
     23395,
     24343,
     21939,
     18090,
     16625,
     18273,
     18332,
     19775,
     18435,
     14976
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 36811,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "White-tailed deer",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval-pellet",
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "lawn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Pellets 1–2 cm, in scattered groups of 30–100",
   "range": "Woodland, field edge and suburb across most of North America.",
   "tell": "Small oval pellets, pointed at one end and dimpled at the other, dropped in a loose scattered heap. On spring grass the same animal produces a soft clumped mass instead — diet changes the shape completely.",
   "confused_with": "Rabbit. Deer pellets are oval and pointed; rabbit pellets are round and flattened.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Rabbit and hare",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "round-pellet"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "lawn",
     "trail"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Round pellets 0.7–1.2 cm",
   "range": "Gardens, hedgerows and open country everywhere.",
   "tell": "Perfectly round, slightly flattened, dry and fibrous, breaking apart into sawdust between your fingers — and left in large scattered quantities on a lawn overnight.",
   "confused_with": "Deer, which are oval and pointed. If it is a sphere, it is a rabbit.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Elk",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval-pellet",
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Pellets 2–2.5 cm",
   "range": "Rocky Mountains, the Pacific Northwest, and eastern reintroductions.",
   "tell": "Deer pellets scaled up by half, usually in a big consolidated pile rather than a scatter. On green summer forage they merge into cow-like patties.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Moose",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval-pellet"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Pellets 2.5–4 cm, piles of a litre or more",
   "range": "Boreal forest and willow flats of Canada, Alaska, New England and the Rockies.",
   "tell": "Very large barrel-shaped pellets, coarse with visible twig fibre in winter, dropped in a heap so big it is hard to mistake for anything else at the size.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern cottontail droppings in a lawn",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "round-pellet"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "lawn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "0.7–1 cm",
   "range": "Suburban lawns across North America.",
   "tell": "The classic overnight scatter of small dry brown spheres on short grass, concentrated near shrub cover where the animal feels safe enough to sit.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Coyote",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "tapered"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "content": [
     "hair",
     "seed",
     "insect"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "raised"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–13 cm long, 2–2.5 cm thick",
   "range": "Everywhere in North America, including cities.",
   "tell": "A rope of hair and bone fragments twisted to a fine point at one end, deposited deliberately in the middle of a trail or on a rock as a territorial marker. In late summer it may be entirely berry skins and seeds.",
   "confused_with": "Domestic dog. Dog scat is uniform and smooth because dog food is uniform; coyote scat is full of hair, and a dog owner does not usually let their animal deposit in the exact centre of a junction.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Red fox",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "tapered"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "hair",
     "seed",
     "insect"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "raised",
     "lawn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–8 cm long, about 1.5 cm thick",
   "range": "Farmland, forest edge and suburbs across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A slimmer coyote scat, sharply twisted at one end and stuffed with hair and beetle wing cases, placed prominently on a molehill, tussock, wall or garden bench — foxes advertise.",
   "confused_with": "Cat scat, which is buried rather than displayed. A dropping on top of something is not a cat.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Gray wolf",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "tapered"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "content": [
     "hair"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–15 cm long, 2.5–3.5 cm thick",
   "range": "Northern Rockies, Great Lakes, Alaska, Canada.",
   "tell": "Coyote scat at a size that stops you: as thick as a broom handle, packed almost entirely with coarse hair and splintered bone, and left in the middle of a road or trail.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Domestic dog",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt",
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "content": [
     "uniform"
    ],
    "where": [
     "lawn",
     "trail"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Variable with breed",
   "range": "Wherever people walk dogs.",
   "tell": "Smooth, uniform, blunt at both ends, with no hair, bone or seed in it — because commercial food contains none. This uniformity is the single most reliable way to rule out every wild canid.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Domestic cat",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt",
     "segment"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "uniform",
     "hair"
    ],
    "where": [
     "lawn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–5 cm segments",
   "range": "Gardens and flowerbeds worldwide.",
   "tell": "Short blunt segments, strongly and distinctively foul-smelling, usually half-buried with scratched-up soil around it in a dry bed or freshly dug border.",
   "confused_with": "Fox, which does the opposite — it leaves scat on top of prominent objects rather than burying it.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Bobcat",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "segment",
     "blunt"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "hair"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "raised",
     "latrine"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Segments 5–10 cm long, 2 cm thick",
   "range": "Most of the contiguous United States.",
   "tell": "Segmented like a house cat's but much larger, full of rodent hair, often lightly covered with scraped debris at the edge of a trail or on a log.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Mountain lion",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "segment"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "content": [
     "hair"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "latrine"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Segments up to 10 cm long, 2.5–4 cm thick",
   "range": "Western North America and Florida.",
   "tell": "Big segmented cat scat, dense with deer hair and bone chips, frequently scraped over with a pile of soil and litter a foot across. The scrape is more diagnostic than the scat.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Fresh lion scat with a scrape mound means an active territory; do not follow the trail, and keep children and dogs close.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Black bear",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt",
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "content": [
     "seed",
     "plant",
     "insect"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Piles 15–30 cm across, tubes 4–6 cm thick",
   "range": "Forested North America.",
   "tell": "Enormous, and almost always vegetarian in appearance: a loose mass of berry skins, seeds, acorn shell and grass. In autumn it can be a solid purple mass of nothing but berries.",
   "confused_with": "Human waste, which is the genuine confusion at campsites and is usually accompanied by paper.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Raccoon",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "seed",
     "insect",
     "shell"
    ],
    "where": [
     "latrine",
     "raised",
     "indoor"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–8 cm long, 2 cm thick, blunt at both ends",
   "range": "Across North America, and introduced in Europe and Japan.",
   "tell": "Blunt-ended tubes packed with undigested berry seeds and crayfish or insect fragments, deposited at a communal latrine — the base of a tree, a roof valley, a woodpile, a deck rail, used night after night.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Raccoon latrines are the main route for Baylisascaris procyonis. Eggs become infective after two to four weeks and survive years. Wear gloves and an N95, wet the site, bag everything, and treat the surface with boiling water rather than disinfectant — the eggs resist chemicals.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Striped skunk",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt",
     "segment"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "insect",
     "seed",
     "hair"
    ],
    "where": [
     "lawn",
     "raised"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–5 cm, about 1 cm thick",
   "range": "Suburbs, farmland and woodland edge across North America.",
   "tell": "Small blunt tubes glittering with beetle and grasshopper parts, often on a lawn or deck near a shallow cone-shaped digging where the animal went after grubs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Virginia opossum",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt",
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "insect",
     "seed",
     "uniform"
    ],
    "where": [
     "lawn",
     "indoor"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–7 cm, often curled",
   "range": "Eastern, central and west-coast United States.",
   "tell": "Smooth-sided, frequently curled or bent into a comma, with a whitish mould bloom developing quickly. Contents are mixed and rarely dominated by any one item.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "River otter",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "content": [
     "shell"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "latrine",
     "raised"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Loose piles 5–10 cm across",
   "range": "Rivers, lakes and coasts across North America.",
   "tell": "A loose, tarry, unmistakably fishy mass of scales, crayfish shell and small bones, left on a prominent rock or bank rollover site — otters use the same haul-outs repeatedly and flatten the vegetation.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "American mink",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "tapered"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "hair",
     "shell"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "raised"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–8 cm, thin, about 1 cm",
   "range": "Water margins across North America; introduced across Europe.",
   "tell": "A thin twisted rope with a strong musky smell, containing fish scale, crayfish and rodent hair, left on a rock or a log by the water's edge.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Beaver",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval-pellet"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Pellets 2.5–3.5 cm",
   "range": "Ponds and slow rivers across North America and Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Compressed balls of coarse sawdust-like wood fibre, almost always deposited in the water and so rarely found — which is itself informative. Look for gnawed stumps rather than droppings.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Muskrat",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval-pellet"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "raised"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–1.5 cm",
   "range": "Marshes and canals across North America and Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Small dark plant-fibre pellets deposited on top of a log, rock or floating platform in the water, often in a neat used-and-reused pile.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Porcupine",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval-pellet",
     "segment"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "raised"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–2.5 cm, often curved and linked",
   "range": "Forests of Canada, the northern US and the Rockies.",
   "tell": "Curved, comma-shaped pellets of coarse woody fibre, sometimes strung together like beads, piled deeply beneath a den tree or rock overhang.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Groundhog",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt",
     "oval-pellet"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "latrine"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–3 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Rarely seen above ground at all — groundhogs use an underground latrine chamber. Droppings on the surface near a burrow are the exception rather than the rule, which distinguishes the burrow from a rabbit or fox den.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Gray squirrel",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "oval-pellet",
     "grain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant",
     "seed"
    ],
    "where": [
     "raised",
     "indoor",
     "lawn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "0.6–1 cm, barrel-shaped",
   "range": "Woodland, parks and lofts across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Small barrel-shaped pellets with rounded rather than pointed ends, scattered along beams, deck rails and attic joists rather than in a pile.",
   "confused_with": "Rat droppings, which are the main indoor alternative. Rat droppings are longer, thinner and more pointed; squirrel droppings are rounder and lighter in colour.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Norway rat",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "grain",
     "blunt"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "content": [
     "uniform"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor",
     "lawn",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–2 cm, spindle-shaped",
   "range": "Cities, farms and waterfronts worldwide.",
   "tell": "Dark spindle-shaped droppings with blunt ends, 20 to 50 of them along a consistent run — under a sink, along a wall base, behind stored feed. Rats reuse a route every night, so the droppings form a line.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Wet down before cleaning and wear gloves. Rodent droppings and urine carry leptospirosis and, in some species, hantavirus.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "House mouse",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "grain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "content": [
     "uniform"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–6 mm, pointed at both ends",
   "range": "Indoors, everywhere in the world.",
   "tell": "Rice-grain-sized black droppings pointed at both ends, scattered widely rather than piled, appearing in drawers, cupboards and along skirting. A mouse produces 50 to 75 a day, so quantity builds fast.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Deer mouse droppings in the western US can carry hantavirus, which is inhaled from disturbed dust. Never sweep or vacuum dry: spray with a bleach solution, leave five minutes, then wipe with a damp cloth.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Bat",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "grain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "content": [
     "insect"
    ],
    "where": [
     "indoor",
     "raised"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–10 mm",
   "range": "Attics, barns, bridges and cave mouths worldwide.",
   "tell": "Mouse-sized but it crumbles to a glittering dust of insect wings and exoskeleton when crushed with a stick, because bats eat nothing else. It also accumulates in a single heap below the roost rather than scattering.",
   "confused_with": "Mouse droppings, which are hard and do not crumble. The crumble test is decisive.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Large accumulations in enclosed spaces can host Histoplasma capsulatum. Ventilate, wet down and wear a respirator, and do not disturb a roost during the maternity season.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Canada goose",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "blunt",
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "lawn",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Tubes 5–8 cm long, 1–1.5 cm thick",
   "range": "Parks, playing fields, golf courses and shorelines.",
   "tell": "Green cylindrical cigars of compressed grass with a white cap of urate at one end, deposited in industrial quantities on short mown grass beside open water.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild turkey",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "segment",
     "blunt"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant",
     "seed"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "forest"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–8 cm",
   "range": "Woodland and field edge across North America.",
   "tell": "Sex is readable from the shape: males leave a straight or J-shaped stick, females a spiral or popcorn-like clump. Both carry a white urate cap.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Snake",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "loose"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "content": [
     "hair",
     "uniform"
    ],
    "where": [
     "raised",
     "indoor",
     "trail"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Variable",
   "range": "Anywhere snakes occur.",
   "tell": "A dark semi-liquid smear with a distinct chalky white cap of urate, often containing hair and small bones. The white portion is the giveaway — mammals do not produce it, birds and reptiles do.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "animal-scat-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/animal-scat-identifier/",
   "name": "Domestic cattle and horses",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "loose",
     "round-pellet"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "content": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "where": [
     "trail",
     "lawn"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cow pats 20–30 cm across; horse balls 5–8 cm",
   "range": "Pasture and bridleway everywhere.",
   "tell": "Cattle produce a flat splattered pat; horses produce a loose cluster of large fibrous balls with visible undigested hay and grain. Both are far larger than any wild animal on this list except a moose or a bear.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Copperhead",
   "scientific_name": "Agkistrodon contortrix",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "hourglass"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "rocky",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "60–90 cm",
   "range": "Massachusetts to Florida, west to Texas and Nebraska.",
   "tell": "Tan to pinkish with dark crossbands shaped like an hourglass — wide on the sides, pinched narrow across the spine. Viewed from directly above, the bands look like a row of Hershey's Kisses.",
   "confused_with": "Northern water snake, eastern milk snake and juvenile rat snake. On all of those the dark markings are wide at the spine and narrow at the sides — the exact reverse of a copperhead.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Accounts for more venomous snakebites than any other US species, and the fewest deaths. Bites are painful and destroy local tissue; antivenom is often not needed but assessment always is.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agkistrodon contortrix (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23082,
    "gbif_months": [
     95,
     153,
     801,
     2789,
     3876,
     3326,
     3412,
     2657,
     3131,
     1700,
     320,
     121
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 27766,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Cottonmouth",
   "scientific_name": "Agkistrodon piscivorus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "bands",
     "plain"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "75–120 cm",
   "range": "The southeastern US coastal plain, north to Virginia and west to Texas.",
   "tell": "Heavy-bodied, dark olive to almost black with faded bands, and a broad dark stripe through the eye. Gapes to show a startlingly white mouth lining when threatened, and swims with its whole body riding on the surface.",
   "confused_with": "Harmless water snakes, which swim with only the head above water and flee rather than stand their ground.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Venom is cytotoxic and destroys tissue. It is also the species most often misidentified — most \"cottonmouths\" reported outside the range map are harmless water snakes.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agkistrodon piscivorus (Lacépède, 1789)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 20525,
    "gbif_months": [
     218,
     341,
     1722,
     3258,
     2823,
     2312,
     1908,
     1819,
     2332,
     2410,
     591,
     294
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 24500,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Timber rattlesnake",
   "scientific_name": "Crotalus horridus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "bands",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "rocky"
    ]
   },
   "size": "90–150 cm",
   "range": "The eastern US from New England to Texas.",
   "tell": "Heavy-bodied, yellow, grey or near-black with dark V-shaped crossbands and a solid black tail ending in a rattle. Often lies motionless in leaf litter for hours.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Long fangs and a large venom yield. Generally reluctant to strike and frequently does not rattle before it does.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crotalus horridus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12293,
    "gbif_months": [
     34,
     50,
     221,
     843,
     2061,
     2316,
     2292,
     1992,
     1252,
     714,
     145,
     27
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 15680,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake",
   "scientific_name": "Crotalus adamanteus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "diamond"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.2–1.8 m, exceptionally 2.4 m",
   "range": "The coastal plain from North Carolina to Louisiana.",
   "tell": "The largest venomous snake in North America: bold dark diamonds outlined in cream on a brown-olive ground, and two pale diagonal stripes across the side of the face.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "The most dangerous snake in the United States by venom yield and body size. Give it a very wide berth.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crotalus adamanteus Palisot De Beauvois, 1799",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 4259,
    "gbif_months": [
     235,
     215,
     360,
     382,
     397,
     243,
     236,
     258,
     434,
     454,
     313,
     244
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4553,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Western diamondback rattlesnake",
   "scientific_name": "Crotalus atrox",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "diamond"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "region": [
     "sw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "rocky"
    ]
   },
   "size": "90–150 cm",
   "range": "Texas and Oklahoma west to Arizona and southern California.",
   "tell": "Dusty grey-brown with faint diamonds and — the diagnostic feature — a tail ringed in equal black and white bands like a coach whip, immediately before the rattle.",
   "confused_with": "Mojave rattlesnake, whose white tail bands are noticeably wider than the black ones and whose venom is far more dangerous.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Responsible for the most snakebite fatalities in the US. Stands its ground and rattles loudly.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crotalus atrox Baird & Girard, 1853",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28016,
    "gbif_months": [
     163,
     340,
     2029,
     3042,
     2932,
     2960,
     3464,
     4890,
     3801,
     1631,
     1118,
     308
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 31562,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Mojave rattlesnake",
   "scientific_name": "Crotalus scutulatus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "diamond"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "sw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "60–110 cm",
   "range": "The Mojave and Sonoran deserts of California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico and west Texas.",
   "tell": "Looks like a small western diamondback, but the white tail bands are distinctly wider than the black ones, and a pale stripe runs behind the eye to <em>behind</em> the corner of the mouth.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Some populations carry a potent neurotoxin in addition to the usual tissue-destroying venom, and symptoms can be delayed. Any suspected Mojave bite is a hospital emergency regardless of how the wound looks.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crotalus scutulatus Kennicott, 1861",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8048,
    "gbif_months": [
     12,
     35,
     184,
     426,
     712,
     664,
     1340,
     2230,
     1421,
     314,
     92,
     16
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6226,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Prairie rattlesnake",
   "scientific_name": "Crotalus viridis",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "mw",
     "sw",
     "west"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "rocky"
    ]
   },
   "size": "90–115 cm",
   "range": "The Great Plains from Canada to Mexico, and the Rockies.",
   "tell": "Greenish-grey to light brown with dark oval blotches edged in white down the back, and two pale stripes on the side of the face. The default rattlesnake across the plains.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crotalus viridis Rafinesque, 1818",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 15687,
    "gbif_months": [
     12,
     157,
     221,
     856,
     2254,
     2107,
     2273,
     2178,
     2138,
     1091,
     703,
     319
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 38589,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Western rattlesnake",
   "scientific_name": "Crotalus oreganus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "west"
    ],
    "where": [
     "rocky",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "75–115 cm",
   "range": "California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Nevada.",
   "tell": "Brown to olive with dark blotches that become bands towards the tail, and a rattle. The only venomous snake across most of the Pacific states.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, 1840",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 30556,
    "gbif_months": [
     185,
     559,
     2234,
     4692,
     6254,
     4943,
     3886,
     3052,
     2300,
     1438,
     442,
     156
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 38589,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Sidewinder",
   "scientific_name": "Crotalus cerastes",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches",
     "speckle"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "sw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "45–75 cm",
   "range": "The deserts of southeastern California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah.",
   "tell": "Small, sand-coloured, with raised horn-like scales over each eye, and it moves sideways in loops leaving a J-shaped track in the sand. Nothing else does either.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Venomous but small; bites are painful and rarely life-threatening in a healthy adult.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crotalus cerastes Hallowell, 1854",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8565,
    "gbif_months": [
     28,
     81,
     475,
     1527,
     2065,
     1005,
     755,
     690,
     699,
     449,
     114,
     49
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5127,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Pygmy rattlesnake",
   "scientific_name": "Sistrurus miliarius",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "water",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "35–60 cm",
   "range": "The southeastern US from North Carolina to Texas.",
   "tell": "Small and grey with a row of dark blotches and an orange stripe down the spine. The rattle is so tiny it sounds like an insect, and often goes unheard entirely.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Small venom yield, but bites cause severe local tissue damage and are frequently underestimated.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sistrurus miliarius Linnaeus, 1766",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5531,
    "gbif_months": [
     141,
     135,
     394,
     497,
     591,
     470,
     433,
     537,
     737,
     657,
     363,
     186
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6178,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Massasauga",
   "scientific_name": "Sistrurus catenatus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "mw",
     "ne"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "45–75 cm",
   "range": "Wet prairie and fen from Ontario and New York west to Iowa and Missouri.",
   "tell": "Stout, grey with large chocolate-brown blotches, in wet grassland. Federally threatened and rarely seen; a small rattle that is easy to miss.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Protected across most of its range. Report a sighting to a state wildlife agency rather than moving the animal.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sistrurus catenatus (Rafinesque, 1818)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 4175,
    "gbif_months": [
     2,
     0,
     5,
     99,
     424,
     746,
     1073,
     1054,
     451,
     117,
     8,
     3
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5476,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern coral snake",
   "scientific_name": "Micrurus fulvius",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "bands"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "venomous"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "60–75 cm",
   "range": "Florida and the coastal plain west to Louisiana.",
   "tell": "Slender, glossy, with complete rings of red, yellow and black all the way around the body, a blunt black snout, and red rings touching yellow rings.",
   "confused_with": "Scarlet kingsnake and scarlet snake, on which red touches black. In the United States only: red touches yellow, kill a fellow; red touches black, friend of Jack. The rhyme fails in Latin America.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "A neurotoxin, unlike every other US venomous snake. Symptoms can be delayed 12 hours or more and then progress to respiratory failure. Any suspected coral snake bite is an emergency even with no pain and no visible wound.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Micrurus fulvius (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2060,
    "gbif_months": [
     82,
     67,
     144,
     230,
     245,
     139,
     125,
     147,
     143,
     162,
     140,
     69
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4904,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern water snake",
   "scientific_name": "Nerodia sipedon",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches",
     "bands"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "mw",
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "60–120 cm",
   "range": "The eastern and central United States.",
   "tell": "Heavy-bodied and dark brown with crossbands that are <strong>wide at the spine and narrow at the sides</strong> — the reverse of a copperhead — becoming almost uniformly dark with age. Swims with only its head above water.",
   "confused_with": "Killed constantly as a cottonmouth or copperhead. A round pupil, a narrow head and a body that flees rather than gapes are all it takes to tell.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Nerodia sipedon (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 72882,
    "gbif_months": [
     144,
     218,
     2143,
     9902,
     18353,
     12711,
     9863,
     8012,
     6349,
     2792,
     541,
     151
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 97127,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Common garter snake",
   "scientific_name": "Thamnophis sirtalis",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "stripes",
     "speckle"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se",
     "mw",
     "sw",
     "west"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "water",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "45–90 cm",
   "range": "The most widely distributed snake in North America.",
   "tell": "Three pale lengthwise stripes — one down the spine, one on each side — over a dark checkered ground. The default garden snake across the continent.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 169200,
    "gbif_months": [
     664,
     1259,
     8562,
     24638,
     28745,
     23791,
     19919,
     21325,
     17481,
     12325,
     3042,
     746
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 207688,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern ratsnake",
   "scientific_name": "Pantherophis alleghaniensis",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.2–1.8 m",
   "range": "The eastern United States.",
   "tell": "Long, glossy and near-black as an adult with a white chin and throat, climbing walls and trees easily. Its cross-section is loaf-shaped — flat belly, angled sides — rather than round.",
   "confused_with": "Juveniles are grey with dark blotches and are mistaken for copperheads every summer. The blotches are wide at the spine, not pinched.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pantherophis alleghaniensis (Holbrook, 1836)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 41026,
    "gbif_months": [
     115,
     195,
     1346,
     5084,
     11048,
     8490,
     4557,
     2605,
     3774,
     2833,
     577,
     181
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 60682,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Corn snake",
   "scientific_name": "Pantherophis guttatus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "yard",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "75–120 cm",
   "range": "The southeastern United States.",
   "tell": "Orange to rust with bold red saddles outlined in black, a spear-point mark on the head, and a black-and-white chequerboard belly — the belly is diagnostic and no venomous species has it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pantherophis guttatus (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 10069,
    "gbif_months": [
     332,
     370,
     723,
     1538,
     1898,
     1103,
     656,
     640,
     649,
     670,
     503,
     401
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 12362,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern milk snake",
   "scientific_name": "Lampropeltis triangulum",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "mw",
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "60–90 cm",
   "range": "The eastern and central United States.",
   "tell": "Grey with red-brown blotches edged in black and a pale Y or V on the back of the head. Found under boards, in barns and in basements, which is where the copperhead confusion starts.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lampropeltis triangulum (Lacépède, 1789)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 21945,
    "gbif_months": [
     57,
     47,
     228,
     1245,
     5092,
     5476,
     2510,
     2197,
     2157,
     1030,
     168,
     67
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 29750,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern kingsnake",
   "scientific_name": "Lampropeltis getula",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "bands",
     "plain"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se",
     "ne"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "water",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "90–120 cm",
   "range": "The eastern and southeastern United States.",
   "tell": "Glossy black with narrow cream chain-link bands. It eats other snakes, including copperheads and rattlesnakes, and is largely immune to their venom.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lampropeltis getula (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9460,
    "gbif_months": [
     64,
     81,
     295,
     997,
     1622,
     1103,
     683,
     428,
     433,
     274,
     114,
     74
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 34229,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Scarlet kingsnake",
   "scientific_name": "Lampropeltis elapsoides",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "bands"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "35–50 cm",
   "range": "The southeastern United States.",
   "tell": "Red, black and yellow bands with a red snout and, crucially, <strong>red touching black</strong>. A harmless mimic of the coral snake.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lampropeltis elapsoides (Holbrook, 1838)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1234,
    "gbif_months": [
     41,
     59,
     143,
     218,
     178,
     113,
     83,
     81,
     65,
     71,
     58,
     39
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1304,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Black racer",
   "scientific_name": "Coluber constrictor",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "90–150 cm",
   "range": "Most of the United States.",
   "tell": "Uniform satin black with a white chin, slender and very fast, holding its head up off the ground as it moves. Where a ratsnake climbs, a racer runs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Coluber constrictor Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 48933,
    "gbif_months": [
     732,
     1153,
     3617,
     8436,
     9325,
     6556,
     4002,
     4249,
     3957,
     3324,
     1433,
     740
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 58543,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Coachwhip",
   "scientific_name": "Masticophis flagellum",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se",
     "sw",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.2–1.8 m",
   "range": "The southern United States.",
   "tell": "Very long and whip-thin, dark at the head fading to tan at the tail, with scales that look braided like a whip. Extremely fast in open ground.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Masticophis flagellum (Shaw, 1802)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 19174,
    "gbif_months": [
     115,
     172,
     891,
     3327,
     3914,
     2679,
     1904,
     1968,
     1703,
     925,
     361,
     147
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 18629,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Gopher snake and bullsnake",
   "scientific_name": "Pituophis catenifer",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "region": [
     "west",
     "sw",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.2–1.8 m",
   "range": "Western and central North America.",
   "tell": "Big, tan with dark brown saddles, and an impressive bluff: it flattens its head into a triangle, hisses loudly and vibrates its tail in dry leaves to sound exactly like a rattlesnake. It has no rattle.",
   "confused_with": "The single most-killed harmless snake in the American West, precisely because the bluff works. Look for the absence of a rattle and for a round pupil.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pituophis catenifer (Blainville, 1835)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 64677,
    "gbif_months": [
     371,
     919,
     3371,
     8977,
     17216,
     11175,
     5831,
     4367,
     6037,
     3846,
     1267,
     402
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 82533,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern hognose snake",
   "scientific_name": "Heterodon platirhinos",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "blotches",
     "plain"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "50–90 cm",
   "range": "The eastern United States.",
   "tell": "Stout with an upturned shovel-like snout. When cornered it flattens its neck like a cobra, hisses, strikes with its mouth closed, and if that fails rolls over and plays dead with its tongue hanging out.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Heterodon platirhinos Latreille, 1801",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 11733,
    "gbif_months": [
     58,
     91,
     451,
     1570,
     2229,
     1707,
     1056,
     1148,
     1460,
     908,
     253,
     91
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 13502,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Ring-necked snake",
   "scientific_name": "Diadophis punctatus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "bands"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se",
     "mw",
     "west"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "25–40 cm",
   "range": "Most of the United States.",
   "tell": "Small, slate grey with a bright yellow or orange ring around the neck and a vivid orange belly it shows by curling its tail when alarmed. Found under logs, rocks and paving.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Diadophis punctatus (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 44522,
    "gbif_months": [
     436,
     1144,
     3466,
     8747,
     8105,
     5857,
     3607,
     3823,
     3666,
     2496,
     927,
     419
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 48004,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "DeKay's brown snake",
   "scientific_name": "Storeria dekayi",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "stripes",
     "speckle"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "region": [
     "ne",
     "se",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "23–33 cm",
   "range": "The eastern and central United States, including dense cities.",
   "tell": "Tiny, plain grey-brown with a pale stripe down the back edged with small dark dots. Common in gardens, compost heaps and city parks and almost always mistaken for a baby of something else.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Storeria dekayi (Holbrook, 1839)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 49081,
    "gbif_months": [
     366,
     962,
     4488,
     7933,
     7113,
     5261,
     4158,
     3997,
     4706,
     5912,
     2524,
     670
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 68747,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Rough green snake",
   "scientific_name": "Opheodrys aestivus",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se",
     "mw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "55–80 cm",
   "range": "The southeastern United States.",
   "tell": "Slender, uniform bright leaf-green above and pale yellow below, moving through shrubs and vines. Eats insects and is entirely harmless.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Opheodrys aestivus Linnaeus, 1766",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 18637,
    "gbif_months": [
     143,
     157,
     964,
     2833,
     3138,
     2167,
     1612,
     1238,
     2204,
     2647,
     730,
     244
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 22781,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern indigo snake",
   "scientific_name": "Drymarchon couperi",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "region": [
     "se"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–2.4 m",
   "range": "Southern Georgia and Florida.",
   "tell": "The longest native snake in the United States: glossy blue-black with an orange-red chin and throat, thick-bodied and diurnal.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "Federally threatened. Killing or harassing one is a federal offence.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Drymarchon couperi (Holbrook, 1842)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 145,
    "gbif_months": [
     11,
     14,
     15,
     9,
     6,
     9,
     3,
     16,
     10,
     6,
     7,
     18
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 276,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "snake-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/snake-identifier/",
   "name": "Common watersnake of the West",
   "scientific_name": "Thamnophis and Nerodia species",
   "traits": {
    "pattern": [
     "stripes",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "venom": [
     "harmless"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "region": [
     "west",
     "sw"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "50–110 cm",
   "range": "Streams and ponds of the western United States.",
   "tell": "Striped or blotched snakes swimming in western waters are garter and water snakes — there is no cottonmouth west of central Texas, so any snake in water in California, Oregon or Arizona is harmless.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Thamnophis Fitzinger, 1843",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 329102,
    "gbif_months": [
     1707,
     3221,
     15755,
     40373,
     48384,
     45460,
     43745,
     50106,
     33696,
     20159,
     5982,
     2020
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 339462,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "American robin",
   "scientific_name": "Turdus migratorius",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub",
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "28–30 mm",
   "range": "The whole of North America.",
   "tell": "Unmarked, saturated sky-blue — the colour that has its own paint-chart name — in a mud-lined cup on a horizontal branch, a porch light or a ledge. Three or four to a clutch.",
   "confused_with": "Eastern bluebird and starling eggs are also blue, but bluebird eggs are paler and smaller and starling eggs are more elongated with a faint gloss.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/birds/what-bird-is-this/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Turdus migratorius Linnaeus, 1766",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 29399206,
    "gbif_months": [
     1390046,
     1655105,
     2644969,
     4405241,
     5832814,
     3479119,
     2470277,
     1586569,
     1595566,
     1811872,
     1265387,
     1226917
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 468360,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern bluebird",
   "scientific_name": "Sialia sialis",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity"
    ]
   },
   "size": "20–22 mm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Pale powder-blue and unmarked, in a neat grass cup inside a nest box or a woodpecker hole. About one clutch in twenty is pure white, which throws people every year.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sialia sialis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8081487,
    "gbif_months": [
     586371,
     698871,
     782553,
     1042530,
     1191434,
     663453,
     491798,
     391306,
     469687,
     652044,
     541505,
     556425
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 155333,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "European starling",
   "scientific_name": "Sturnus vulgaris",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity",
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "27–32 mm",
   "range": "Introduced across North America; native to Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Glossy pale blue and unmarked, more elongated than a robin's, in an untidy mass of grass and rubbish stuffed into a building cavity, vent or nest box.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 28298900,
    "gbif_months": [
     2178103,
     2104473,
     2676237,
     3666046,
     4594020,
     2388326,
     1523166,
     1482619,
     1787276,
     2081326,
     1692367,
     1853784
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 342952,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "House sparrow",
   "scientific_name": "Passer domesticus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "grey",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity",
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "20–23 mm",
   "range": "Towns and farms worldwide.",
   "tell": "Off-white to grey-green with dense grey-brown speckling that varies wildly within one clutch, in a bulky untidy nest of grass and litter crammed into a hole in a building or a box.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 25809906,
    "gbif_months": [
     2358357,
     2223264,
     2224220,
     2928201,
     3553091,
     2185720,
     1871645,
     1551441,
     1436347,
     1726958,
     1607379,
     1822976
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 561043,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "House finch",
   "scientific_name": "Haemorhous mexicanus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles",
     "scrawl"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub",
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "16–21 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Very pale blue-white with a sparse scatter of fine black dots and thin squiggles concentrated at the fat end, in a small cup in a hanging basket, a wreath on a door, or a conifer.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Haemorhous mexicanus (P.L.Statius Müller, 1776)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 19217637,
    "gbif_months": [
     1567851,
     1838018,
     1745781,
     2254681,
     2453048,
     1411241,
     1262298,
     1189627,
     1260786,
     1462729,
     1309874,
     1458830
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 341628,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern cardinal",
   "scientific_name": "Cardinalis cardinalis",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "24–27 mm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Greyish-white heavily marked with brown and grey blotches, in a loose cup of twigs and bark strips deep inside a dense shrub or a tangle of vines, usually one to three metres up.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 27192474,
    "gbif_months": [
     2036828,
     2473756,
     2583297,
     3748229,
     4226037,
     2026054,
     1678930,
     1584316,
     1772861,
     1796965,
     1492715,
     1768982
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 399788,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Blue jay",
   "scientific_name": "Cyanocitta cristata",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "olive",
     "buff",
     "blue"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "25–30 mm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Buff to pale olive with fine brown speckling, in a bulky twig cup high in a conifer or oak. Larger and duller than a robin egg despite the bird's colour.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 24084106,
    "gbif_months": [
     1674666,
     1837375,
     1779368,
     2672099,
     3611069,
     1668123,
     1312353,
     1490303,
     2335312,
     2406219,
     1658346,
     1632781
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 203884,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "American crow",
   "scientific_name": "Corvus brachyrhynchos",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "olive"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "blotches",
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "40–45 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Blue-green heavily blotched with brown and grey, in a big stick nest high in a tree. Size alone separates it from every songbird on this list.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Corvus brachyrhynchos C.L.Brehm, 1822",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 29072171,
    "gbif_months": [
     2267643,
     2405574,
     2795768,
     3395458,
     3805170,
     2203128,
     1750940,
     1793862,
     2219205,
     2367279,
     1959076,
     2100091
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 219015,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Mourning dove",
   "scientific_name": "Zenaida macroura",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub",
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "26–30 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Pure unmarked white, always exactly two, on a flimsy platform of a few dozen twigs so thin you can often see the eggs through it from below.",
   "confused_with": "Rock pigeon, which lays the same two white eggs but on a building ledge and slightly larger.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 27323324,
    "gbif_months": [
     1784118,
     2205947,
     2356303,
     3493393,
     4282252,
     2477951,
     2135865,
     2156523,
     2015975,
     1572336,
     1288199,
     1536825
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 307418,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Rock pigeon",
   "scientific_name": "Columba livia",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "36–40 mm",
   "range": "Cities worldwide.",
   "tell": "Two plain white eggs on a rough platform on a ledge, bridge girder or building recess. Larger than a dove's and almost always in built structure rather than vegetation.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Columba livia J.F.Gmelin, 1789",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 15562872,
    "gbif_months": [
     1602589,
     1362307,
     1377002,
     1536205,
     1571802,
     1027319,
     985238,
     1070438,
     1167550,
     1243454,
     1158962,
     1339776
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 453483,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Barn swallow",
   "scientific_name": "Hirundo rustica",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "18–20 mm",
   "range": "Across North America, Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "White with fine reddish-brown speckling, in a cup of mud pellets and straw stuck to a beam, joist or wall inside a barn, porch or culvert.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 17480186,
    "gbif_months": [
     283640,
     262822,
     605228,
     2202795,
     3907468,
     2303272,
     2239617,
     2733435,
     1702314,
     562880,
     255698,
     234218
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 240890,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "American goldfinch",
   "scientific_name": "Spinus tristis",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "16–18 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Tiny, very pale blue-white and unmarked, in an exceptionally tight thistledown-lined cup that holds water. Nests in late July and August, far later than anything else in the garden.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Spinus tristis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 20295243,
    "gbif_months": [
     1263858,
     1370819,
     1130207,
     2240853,
     3498865,
     1842614,
     1792808,
     1887892,
     1634731,
     1204251,
     1179762,
     1239169
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 197293,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Black-capped chickadee",
   "scientific_name": "Poecile atricapillus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles",
     "wreath"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity"
    ]
   },
   "size": "15–16 mm",
   "range": "Northern North America.",
   "tell": "Tiny white eggs with fine reddish dots concentrated in a ring at the fat end, on a bed of moss and animal fur inside a small tree cavity or nest box.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Poecile atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 18773574,
    "gbif_months": [
     1556684,
     1660997,
     1575880,
     2109487,
     2572944,
     1191676,
     1100360,
     1220550,
     1484833,
     1505573,
     1324848,
     1463055
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 166644,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Carolina wren",
   "scientific_name": "Thryothorus ludovicianus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles",
     "wreath"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity",
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "18–20 mm",
   "range": "The eastern United States.",
   "tell": "Creamy white with dense rusty speckling wreathed at the broad end, in a domed nest with a side entrance built in a hanging basket, a boot, a mailbox or a shelf in a shed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Thryothorus ludovicianus (Latham, 1790)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12910434,
    "gbif_months": [
     1005986,
     1094805,
     1070503,
     1600616,
     1665581,
     854941,
     760404,
     839325,
     1091087,
     1089629,
     864375,
     971815
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 107505,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "House wren",
   "scientific_name": "Troglodytes aedon",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity"
    ]
   },
   "size": "16–17 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Tiny, so densely covered in fine reddish speckles that the eggs look uniformly pinkish-brown, on a platform of twigs jammed into any cavity — a box, a pipe, a coat pocket in a shed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Troglodytes aedon Vieillot, 1809",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 6609621,
    "gbif_months": [
     146299,
     108593,
     127712,
     541930,
     2092677,
     1147035,
     789710,
     456630,
     481817,
     309671,
     203453,
     184032
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 57033,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Mallard",
   "scientific_name": "Anas platyrhynchos",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "olive",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "55–62 mm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Large, unmarked, greenish-buff to cream with a smooth waxy surface, eight to thirteen in a down-lined hollow on the ground, often surprisingly far from water — including in planters and courtyards.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 29635278,
    "gbif_months": [
     2692018,
     2155778,
     3050970,
     4053589,
     4158830,
     1909599,
     1473139,
     1737882,
     1914947,
     2125658,
     2054243,
     2081068
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 953637,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Canada goose",
   "scientific_name": "Branta canadensis",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "80–90 mm",
   "range": "Across North America and introduced in Europe.",
   "tell": "Very large plain creamy-white eggs, four to seven, in a big down-lined bowl on a bank, island or flat roof. The parents defend it aggressively.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "A nesting goose will attack. Keep well back and route around it rather than trying to pass.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23296736,
    "gbif_months": [
     1773889,
     1763507,
     2795303,
     3650204,
     3680991,
     1200547,
     985069,
     1178063,
     1524742,
     1686628,
     1478106,
     1481067
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 482254,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Killdeer",
   "scientific_name": "Charadrius vociferus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "blotches",
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground",
     "none"
    ]
   },
   "size": "35–38 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Four pointed buff eggs heavily blotched black, arranged points-inward in a bare scrape on gravel — a driveway, a car park, a flat roof. They are almost invisible until you are on top of them.",
   "confused_with": "A scatter of gravel. That is the point. If a bird nearby is dragging a wing and screaming, you are standing near the nest.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9888720,
    "gbif_months": [
     442223,
     481376,
     955496,
     1412702,
     1696168,
     875560,
     752295,
     847853,
     853101,
     682137,
     475003,
     401102
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 153428,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild turkey",
   "scientific_name": "Meleagris gallopavo",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "buff",
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground"
    ]
   },
   "size": "60–65 mm",
   "range": "Woodland and field edge across North America.",
   "tell": "Ten to fourteen large pale buff eggs finely speckled reddish-brown, in a shallow leaf-lined depression at the base of a tree or under a brush pile.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2840016,
    "gbif_months": [
     175670,
     182045,
     256145,
     485871,
     556576,
     238432,
     165807,
     163677,
     178157,
     155036,
     123906,
     154340
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 198270,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Ring-necked pheasant",
   "scientific_name": "Phasianus colchicus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "olive",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground"
    ]
   },
   "size": "42–46 mm",
   "range": "Introduced across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Eight to fifteen plain glossy olive-brown eggs with no markings at all, in a grass-lined scrape in tall cover at a field edge.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3428744,
    "gbif_months": [
     251777,
     192589,
     337936,
     593854,
     613207,
     313147,
     144311,
     125015,
     150446,
     209719,
     181200,
     187111
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 74184,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern bobwhite",
   "scientific_name": "Colinus virginianus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground"
    ]
   },
   "size": "29–31 mm",
   "range": "The eastern and central United States.",
   "tell": "A dozen or more small, pure white, distinctly pointed eggs packed tightly into a domed grass nest woven closed over the top.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 500837,
    "gbif_months": [
     14809,
     15363,
     21543,
     61324,
     110867,
     100278,
     67937,
     40270,
     19605,
     14916,
     14415,
     15059
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 11287,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Red-winged blackbird",
   "scientific_name": "Agelaius phoeniceus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "grey"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "scrawl",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub",
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "24–26 mm",
   "range": "Marshes and wet fields across North America.",
   "tell": "Pale blue-green covered in dark brown and purple scrawls and hair-lines that look like handwriting, in a woven cup lashed to cattail stems just above the water.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agelaius phoeniceus (Linnaeus, 1766)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 21105852,
    "gbif_months": [
     766035,
     1135371,
     2352382,
     3836174,
     4896858,
     2520401,
     1628246,
     841547,
     698391,
     1061972,
     738447,
     607799
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 314510,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Common grackle",
   "scientific_name": "Quiscalus quiscula",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "buff",
     "blue"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "scrawl",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "28–32 mm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Pale blue to light brown with heavy dark brown scrawls and blotches, in a bulky mud-reinforced cup in a conifer, often in a loose colony of several pairs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Quiscalus quiscula (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12356348,
    "gbif_months": [
     230204,
     449207,
     1210751,
     2313696,
     3385500,
     1693263,
     973498,
     636512,
     494379,
     499430,
     264022,
     192662
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 119448,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Brown-headed cowbird",
   "scientific_name": "Molothrus ater",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "grey"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "none",
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "21 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Greyish-white with dense brown speckling, and — the identifying feature — it is the odd one out in somebody else's nest: larger, differently coloured, and often already hatched first.",
   "confused_with": "Nothing, once you know the trick. A single mismatched egg in a warbler, sparrow or vireo nest is almost always a cowbird.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "Cowbird eggs are also protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Removing one is illegal without a permit.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8428231,
    "gbif_months": [
     165694,
     219931,
     519206,
     1862100,
     2813440,
     1346494,
     642753,
     250375,
     148414,
     186626,
     128036,
     128357
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 108482,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Song sparrow",
   "scientific_name": "Melospiza melodia",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "grey"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "speckles",
     "blotches"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub",
     "ground"
    ]
   },
   "size": "20–23 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Pale greenish-blue so heavily blotched with red-brown that the ground colour barely shows, in a grass cup on or near the ground in dense cover.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Melospiza melodia (A.Wilson, 1810)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 22455511,
    "gbif_months": [
     1341145,
     1329148,
     1960175,
     3132315,
     3906504,
     2327762,
     1815008,
     1295190,
     1270191,
     1616415,
     1172104,
     1270574
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 271066,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Mockingbird",
   "scientific_name": "Mimus polyglottos",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "olive"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "24–26 mm",
   "range": "The southern and eastern United States.",
   "tell": "Blue-green splashed with large rusty-brown blotches, in a twig cup low in a dense shrub. The adults dive-bomb anything that comes near.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Mimus polyglottos (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 11835073,
    "gbif_months": [
     1036182,
     1056653,
     1082710,
     1474871,
     1441540,
     881304,
     732412,
     591520,
     713533,
     1042737,
     842395,
     936212
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 241277,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern flicker",
   "scientific_name": "Colaptes auratus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity"
    ]
   },
   "size": "26–29 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Glossy pure white and almost translucent, laid on bare wood chips at the bottom of an excavated tree cavity. Woodpeckers do not build nests and do not need camouflaged eggs.",
   "confused_with": "Every other woodpecker, all of which lay plain white eggs in cavities. Cavity size and location separate them, not the egg.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 15019736,
    "gbif_months": [
     963156,
     867706,
     1049392,
     1989880,
     2166727,
     1142580,
     955337,
     892734,
     1463630,
     1484748,
     989602,
     1038205
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 166439,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern screech owl",
   "scientific_name": "Megascops asio",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cavity"
    ]
   },
   "size": "34–37 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Almost perfectly spherical, pure white and slightly rough, in a tree cavity or a nest box with no nest material at all. Roundness is the giveaway — most eggs are noticeably pointed at one end.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/birds/owl-calls-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Megascops asio (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 495661,
    "gbif_months": [
     47661,
     42355,
     42132,
     45107,
     71930,
     16826,
     19249,
     35959,
     49187,
     37502,
     31575,
     55087
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 26189,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Great horned owl",
   "scientific_name": "Bubo virginianus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "53–58 mm",
   "range": "Across the Americas.",
   "tell": "Large, dull white and nearly spherical, laid as early as January in a stolen hawk or crow nest. It does not build its own.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Bubo virginianus (J.F.Gmelin, 1788)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 1643488,
    "gbif_months": [
     169207,
     149038,
     168379,
     203259,
     192373,
     79497,
     67329,
     89670,
     127878,
     125911,
     109155,
     158588
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 92386,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Red-tailed hawk",
   "scientific_name": "Buteo jamaicensis",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "blotches",
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "57–62 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Large, dull white with sparse pale brown blotches, two or three in a big stick nest high in a tree or on a cliff ledge or building.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1788)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 12455878,
    "gbif_months": [
     1345041,
     1191690,
     1240734,
     1361053,
     1341080,
     697188,
     582638,
     642445,
     808788,
     1008005,
     1053443,
     1176490
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 356631,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Chimney swift",
   "scientific_name": "Chaetura pelagica",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "20 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Plain white, in a half-saucer of twigs glued to a vertical chimney wall with the bird's own saliva. Nothing else nests that way in North America.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3892467,
    "gbif_months": [
     185,
     252,
     17241,
     388940,
     1266592,
     646785,
     498077,
     457074,
     440420,
     159696,
     2081,
     194
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 14764,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Herring gull",
   "scientific_name": "Larus argentatus",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "olive",
     "buff"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "blotches"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground",
     "building"
    ]
   },
   "size": "68–75 mm",
   "range": "Coasts and cities of North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Three large olive-brown eggs with heavy dark blotches, in a scrape on a flat roof, a shingle beach or an island. Adults defend the nest by striking at heads.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Nesting gulls dive at people and can draw blood. Leave the roof and come back in six weeks.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 7305082,
    "gbif_months": [
     580438,
     516610,
     616468,
     637741,
     640221,
     846332,
     651719,
     656831,
     598305,
     602244,
     463841,
     404498
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 98058,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Ruby-throated hummingbird",
   "scientific_name": "Archilochus colubris",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "cup-shrub"
    ]
   },
   "size": "12–14 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North America.",
   "tell": "The size of a small pea, plain white, two of them, in a walnut-sized cup of plant down bound with spider silk and camouflaged with lichen on a thin downward-sloping branch.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 4600516,
    "gbif_months": [
     39534,
     34614,
     61752,
     310628,
     1033493,
     571544,
     593721,
     886989,
     821406,
     150857,
     44421,
     37845
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 98009,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "bird-egg-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/bird-egg-identifier/",
   "name": "Killdeer, tern and plover scrapes generally",
   "scientific_name": "Charadriiformes",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "buff",
     "olive"
    ],
    "marks": [
     "blotches",
     "speckles"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "nest": [
     "ground"
    ]
   },
   "size": "30–50 mm",
   "range": "Beaches, gravel bars, roofs and construction sites across North America.",
   "tell": "Heavily blotched sand-coloured eggs in a bare scrape with no nest material, laid directly on gravel or shell. If you have found eggs on open ground with no nest, this is the group.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Beach-nesting plovers and terns include federally listed species. Leave the area immediately and report it to a local wildlife office rather than investigating.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Charadriiformes",
    "rank": "ORDER",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 201502803,
    "gbif_months": [
     14263019,
     11700973,
     14312093,
     21335555,
     25475320,
     15284082,
     17223369,
     21291896,
     18478575,
     15252404,
     12673857,
     11933369
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4752227,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild turkey",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred",
     "iridescent",
     "tipped"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "black"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 25–40 cm; tail 30–40 cm",
   "range": "Woodland and field edge across North America.",
   "tell": "Big, stiff and boldly barred black and white on the wing; tail feathers are broad, brown, finely barred, with a buff or chestnut band across the tip. Body feathers have a bronze-green iridescent sheen and a black rim.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Canada goose",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "body",
     "down"
    ],
    "length": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "tipped"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "yard",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 20–30 cm",
   "range": "Ponds, parks and playing fields across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Plain grey-brown flight feathers with a paler edge and a slightly waxy feel, and a great deal of grey down. By far the most commonly found large feather in a city park.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Mallard",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "iridescent",
     "barred",
     "mottled"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "brown",
     "grey"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 10–20 cm",
   "range": "Ponds and rivers across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "The give-away is the speculum feather: a patch of iridescent blue-purple bordered with a crisp white bar at both ends. No other common bird produces that combination.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Mourning dove",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "tipped",
     "plain"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "open",
     "pile"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 10–15 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Soft grey-brown, with the outer tail feathers showing a black bar and a broad white tip. The feathers detach at the slightest pull, which is a defence — a predator ends up with a mouthful of feathers and no bird.",
   "confused_with": "A scatter of dove feathers with clean-cut shafts is a hawk kill; chewed and broken shafts mean a mammal.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Rock pigeon",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "iridescent",
     "barred"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "white",
     "black"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "pile"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 12–20 cm",
   "range": "Cities worldwide.",
   "tell": "Grey with a broad dark bar near the tip on many wing feathers, and neck feathers with a green and magenta iridescence. Enormously variable because of domestic breeding — white, chequered and rust forms are all common.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "American crow",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "iridescent"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 20–30 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Uniformly black with a faint purple gloss in sunlight, and a fanned tip on the outer flight feathers where the vane narrows abruptly. Common raven feathers are the same but noticeably longer, over 30 cm.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Blue jay",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred",
     "tipped"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–15 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Bright blue barred with black and tipped white — one of the most recognisable feathers in North America. The blue is structural, not pigment: hold it up with light coming through from behind and it goes brown.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern cardinal",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "7–12 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Solid deep red on males, dull olive-brown with red edges on females. The red is carotenoid pigment from the bird's diet, so unlike jay blue it stays red in any light.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Red-tailed hawk",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail"
    ],
    "length": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred",
     "plain"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 25–40 cm; tail 20–25 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Tail feathers are brick-red above, often with a single dark band near the tip; wing feathers are broad, brown, and barred dark on a pale ground with a distinctly notched outer web near the tip.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Raptor feathers are heavily protected. Photograph and leave — possession of hawk, owl and eagle feathers carries the strictest penalties under the MBTA and, for eagles, additional federal law.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Great horned owl",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred",
     "mottled"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "grey"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 25–40 cm",
   "range": "Across the Americas.",
   "tell": "Softly mottled grey-brown with fine barring, and — the diagnostic feature — a comb of stiff serrations along the leading edge of the outer wing feathers, which breaks up the airflow and makes the flight silent.",
   "confused_with": "Nothing. The serrated leading edge is unique to owls and can be felt with a fingertip.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Northern flicker",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "barred"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "brown",
     "black"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–16 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Brown barred black with the shaft and the underside of the vane a bright lemon yellow in the east or salmon red in the west. The coloured shaft is what identifies it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Pileated woodpecker",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail"
    ],
    "length": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "tipped"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "15–25 cm",
   "range": "Mature forest across eastern North America and the Pacific Northwest.",
   "tell": "Sooty black with a clean white base to the inner web, and very stiff pointed tail feathers with a sharply worn tip — the tail props the bird against a trunk and takes real wear.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "European starling",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "body",
     "flight"
    ],
    "length": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "iridescent",
     "tipped"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–10 cm",
   "range": "Introduced across North America; native to Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Glossy black with green and purple iridescence and small buff-white spots at the tips in winter plumage. Body feathers are short, broad and blunt.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "One of the few species not protected under the MBTA, along with house sparrow and rock pigeon.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Red-winged blackbird",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "tipped"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "red"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "8–13 cm",
   "range": "Marshes and wet fields across North America.",
   "tell": "Matt black flight feathers; the shoulder patch feathers are scarlet with a yellow band at the base, and those are unmistakable when you find one.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "American robin",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain",
     "tipped"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "red",
     "black"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "pile"
    ]
   },
   "size": "7–13 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Slate-grey wing and tail feathers, often with a small white spot at the tip of the outer tail feathers, and warm brick-orange body feathers from the breast.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Ring-necked pheasant",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred",
     "iridescent"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "red"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Tail 25–60 cm",
   "range": "Introduced across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Extremely long, narrow, pointed tail feathers, warm buff-brown with strong regularly spaced black bars. Body feathers are coppery with a black crescent and a metallic sheen.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Great blue heron",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "l",
     "xl"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "plain"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "black",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Wing 25–40 cm",
   "range": "Wetlands across North America.",
   "tell": "Long, broad, plain blue-grey flight feathers, and distinctive powder-down body feathers that disintegrate into a fine waxy dust when rubbed — the bird uses it to clean fish slime off its plumage.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Ring-billed and herring gull",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "tipped",
     "plain",
     "mottled"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white",
     "grey",
     "black"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "open",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "15–30 cm",
   "range": "Coasts, lakes and car parks across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Clean white with a pale grey outer vane and, on the outer primaries, a black tip with a small white mirror spot. Juvenile feathers are heavily mottled brown.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Wood duck",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "iridescent",
     "barred"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "black",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "water",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "8–15 cm",
   "range": "Wooded swamps and rivers across North America.",
   "tell": "The flank feathers are the famous ones: buff with fine black barring and a bold black-and-white crescent at the tip, used in fly tying for over a century. The speculum is deep iridescent blue.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Barred owl",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail"
    ],
    "length": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "18–30 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America and, as an invader, the Pacific Northwest.",
   "tell": "Boldly barred brown and white with the same soft velvety texture and serrated leading edge as other owls. Softer and less sharply patterned than a hawk feather of the same size.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Common grackle",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "iridescent",
     "plain"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "blue"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–18 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "Black with a strong bronze, purple or blue-green iridescence depending on the angle. Tail feathers are long and keeled, so the bird can fold the tail into a V in flight.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Peafowl",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "xl"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "iridescent"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "red"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Train feathers 100–150 cm",
   "range": "Farms, parks and estates worldwide as an introduced bird.",
   "tell": "The eyed train feather needs no key. The eye is structural colour from photonic crystals in the barbules, not pigment, which is why it shifts as you move it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": "Not a native species, so not covered by the MBTA. Legal to keep in the US.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Cedar waxwing",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "tipped",
     "plain"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "grey",
     "red"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–9 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Soft silky fawn-grey with a bright yellow band across the tail tip and, on some feathers, a red waxy tip like a drop of sealing wax — an actual pigment deposit, unique among North American birds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Downy and hairy woodpecker",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail"
    ],
    "length": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred",
     "plain"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–12 cm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Crisp black and white — flight feathers spotted or checked white on black, and stiff pointed black tail feathers with white outer ones. Hairy woodpecker feathers are the same pattern at half again the size.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Sharp-shinned and Cooper's hawk",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail"
    ],
    "length": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "barred"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "grey",
     "brown",
     "white"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods",
     "pile"
    ]
   },
   "size": "12–25 cm",
   "range": "Across North America; regular garden visitors at bird feeders.",
   "tell": "Slate-grey or brown above with three to five bold dark bands across a paler underside. Very often found as a scattered pile of songbird feathers with these among them, at a plucking post near a feeder.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "feather-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/feather-identifier/",
   "name": "Song sparrow, house finch and other small songbirds",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "type": [
     "flight",
     "tail",
     "body"
    ],
    "length": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "pattern": [
     "streaked",
     "plain",
     "mottled"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "brown",
     "grey"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "pile"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–8 cm",
   "range": "Everywhere.",
   "tell": "Small, brown, streaked and, in practice, not identifiable to species from a single feather. Most small brown feathers found in gardens fall into this group and no honest key takes them further.",
   "confused_with": "This is the most common outcome of feather identification and it is worth stating plainly rather than forcing a match.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Granite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive",
     "sparkle"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Crystals 1–10 mm, sometimes much larger",
   "range": "The core of every continent; countertops, kerbstones and monuments everywhere.",
   "tell": "Coarse interlocking crystals in a salt-and-pepper mix of pink or white feldspar, glassy grey quartz and black flecks of mica or hornblende. No layering, no preferred direction.",
   "confused_with": "Gneiss, which has the same minerals but arranged in bands. If the light and dark minerals are stripey rather than random, it is gneiss.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/granite-is-what-type-of-rock/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Basalt",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine",
     "vesicles"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": [
     "heavy",
     "magnet"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Grains under 1 mm",
   "range": "Ocean floor, Hawaii, Iceland, the Columbia River plateau, the Deccan.",
   "tell": "Dark grey to black, heavy, fine-grained and often peppered with small round gas holes. Frequently mildly magnetic because of the magnetite in it.",
   "confused_with": "Andesite and diabase. Basalt is the darkest and heaviest of the fine-grained volcanic rocks.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/what-is-basalt/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Obsidian",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "glassy"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": [
     "sharp"
    ]
   },
   "size": "No grains — it is a glass",
   "range": "Young rhyolitic volcanoes: Oregon, California, Yellowstone, Iceland, Mexico, Turkey.",
   "tell": "Jet black, brown or mahogany volcanic glass with a bright glassy shine, breaking into curved shell-like faces with edges sharper than a scalpel.",
   "confused_with": "Manufactured slag and bottle glass, both common in fields. Slag is bubbly and often coloured blue or green; obsidian is dense and even.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Freshly broken edges cut through skin without pressure. Handle it the way you would handle a broken bottle.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/obsidian-what-type-of-rock/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Pumice",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "vesicles",
     "glassy"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": [
     "light"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Frothy, no visible crystals",
   "range": "Explosive volcanoes; drifts across oceans in rafts after eruptions.",
   "tell": "Pale grey or cream, so full of gas bubbles that it floats on water — the only common rock that does. Feels like solid foam and abrades skin.",
   "confused_with": "Scoria, which is the same idea in basalt: dark, heavier, and it sinks.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/what-is-a-pumice/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Scoria",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "vesicles"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Bubbles 1–10 mm",
   "range": "Cinder cones worldwide; sold by the bag as landscaping lava rock.",
   "tell": "Dark red-brown to black, heavily bubbled, rough and crunchy, sinking in water. The rust colour comes from iron oxidised while the fragment was still hot.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Rhyolite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive",
     "banded"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Grains under 1 mm, sometimes with larger crystals set in them",
   "range": "Continental volcanic fields: Yellowstone, the Sierra Nevada, central Europe.",
   "tell": "The fine-grained equivalent of granite: pale pink, cream or grey, hard, often with flow banding and scattered larger crystals of quartz or feldspar in a fine matrix.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Andesite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Grains under 1 mm with visible feldspar laths",
   "range": "Subduction volcanoes: the Andes, the Cascades, Japan, Indonesia.",
   "tell": "Medium grey to purplish, harder to place than basalt or rhyolite because it sits between them, typically speckled with small rectangular white feldspar crystals.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Gabbro",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Crystals 1–10 mm",
   "range": "Deep intrusions and the lower ocean crust; sold as \"black granite\".",
   "tell": "Coarse-grained and almost entirely dark: black pyroxene and grey-green plagioclase with essentially no quartz. Distinctly heavier than granite of the same size.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Diorite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Crystals 1–5 mm",
   "range": "Continental intrusions worldwide.",
   "tell": "Coarse-grained black and white in roughly equal proportions, with a peppered look and none of granite's pink feldspar or glassy quartz.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Peridotite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "igneous"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Crystals 1–5 mm",
   "range": "The Earth's mantle; exposed in ophiolites and brought up in volcanic bombs.",
   "tell": "Dense, dark green to olive, made almost entirely of sugary olivine grains. Very heavy in the hand relative to its size.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Sandstone",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "sandy"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife",
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Grains 0.06–2 mm",
   "range": "Everywhere sediment has accumulated; the classic building stone of half the world.",
   "tell": "Feels like fine sandpaper, and grains rub off on your fingers at a broken edge. Usually tan, buff, red or grey with visible bedding, and often with cross-bedding in the layers.",
   "confused_with": "Quartzite, its metamorphosed form. Sandstone breaks around the grains and feels gritty; quartzite breaks straight through them and looks glassy on the fracture.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/what-are-sandstone/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Limestone",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine",
     "sandy"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers",
     "fossils"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "coin",
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": [
     "fizz"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fine to coarse depending on type",
   "range": "Vast areas of the American Midwest, the UK, southern Europe and the Caribbean.",
   "tell": "Fizzes vigorously in vinegar or dilute acid, scratches easily with a steel knife, and often contains obvious fossil shells or crinoid discs. Grey, cream or buff.",
   "confused_with": "Dolostone, which fizzes only feebly and only on powdered rock. If it fizzes hard on a solid face, it is limestone.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/limestone-is-what-type-of-rock/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Chalk",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers",
     "fossils"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "nail"
    ],
    "test": [
     "fizz",
     "light"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Microscopic",
   "range": "Southern England, northern France, the US Gulf Coast, Kansas.",
   "tell": "Soft white limestone that marks paper, crumbles under a fingernail and fizzes strongly. Made almost entirely of the plates of microscopic algae.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/chalk-is-made-of-what/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Dolostone",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine",
     "sandy"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": [
     "fizz"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fine to medium",
   "range": "Widespread in the American Midwest and the Alps.",
   "tell": "Looks like limestone and behaves differently in acid: no reaction on a solid surface, a slow fizz only after you scratch it to powder. Often weathers to a buff or pinkish colour.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Shale",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers",
     "splits"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "nail",
     "coin"
    ],
    "test": [
     "smell"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Clay-sized, invisible even under a lens",
   "range": "The most abundant sedimentary rock on Earth.",
   "tell": "Splits into thin flat sheets along the bedding, is soft enough to scratch with a fingernail, and — the field test everyone uses — smells distinctly of wet earth when you breathe on it.",
   "confused_with": "Slate, its metamorphosed form. Slate rings when tapped, is much harder, and splits at an angle to any original bedding.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Siltstone and mudstone",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers",
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "coin",
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": [
     "smell"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Silt-sized, gritty between the teeth",
   "range": "Floodplains and lake beds worldwide.",
   "tell": "Fine-grained and dull like shale but breaking into blocks rather than sheets. Siltstone feels faintly gritty when rubbed against a tooth; mudstone does not.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Conglomerate",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "pebbles"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers",
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife",
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Clasts over 2 mm, often much larger",
   "range": "Old riverbeds and alluvial fans worldwide.",
   "tell": "Rounded pebbles cemented in a finer matrix — a fossilised gravel bank. The rounding is the point: it means the pebbles travelled in water.",
   "confused_with": "Breccia, which has the same idea with angular fragments, meaning they did not travel.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Breccia",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "pebbles"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife",
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Angular clasts over 2 mm",
   "range": "Fault zones, scree slopes, impact craters, cave collapses.",
   "tell": "Sharp angular fragments locked into a matrix. Angular means the pieces were buried close to where they broke.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Chert and flint",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine",
     "glassy"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": [
     "sharp"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Microcrystalline",
   "range": "Nodules in limestone and chalk across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Very hard, waxy or dull, breaking into curved sharp-edged flakes. Scratches glass easily and cannot be scratched by steel. Grey, black, brown or honey-coloured, often with a white weathered rind.",
   "confused_with": "Obsidian, which is glassier and only found near young volcanoes. Chert occurs as nodules and beds inside sedimentary rock.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Coal",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers",
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "nail",
     "coin"
    ],
    "test": [
     "light"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Uniform",
   "range": "Appalachia, the Powder River Basin, northern England, Silesia, Shanxi.",
   "tell": "Black, dull to bright and glassy, notably light for its size, leaving black marks on your hands. Bituminous coal is dull and layered; anthracite is hard, bright and does not mark.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Rock salt",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive",
     "layers"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "nail"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Cubic crystals up to centimetres",
   "range": "Evaporite basins: Kansas, Michigan, Cheshire, the Dead Sea.",
   "tell": "Clear to pink cubic crystals that taste of salt and dissolve in water. The taste test is legitimate here and is what geologists actually do.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Gypsum rock",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse",
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive",
     "layers"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "nail"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Fine to bladed crystals",
   "range": "Evaporite basins; White Sands in New Mexico is a whole dune field of it.",
   "tell": "So soft a fingernail marks it, white to pink, sometimes as satin-fibrous bands or as clear cleavable plates. Does not fizz, does not taste of salt.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Travertine and tufa",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "sedimentary"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine",
     "vesicles"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "layers"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": [
     "fizz",
     "light"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Banded, porous",
   "range": "Hot springs and hard-water streams: Yellowstone, Pamukkale, Tivoli.",
   "tell": "Banded cream and tan calcium carbonate full of holes, fizzing strongly in acid, sometimes with fossilised plant stems moulded in it. Widely used as floor tile.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Marble",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse",
     "sandy"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive",
     "banded"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": [
     "fizz"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Sugary crystals 0.5–5 mm",
   "range": "Carrara, Vermont, Georgia, Greece.",
   "tell": "Recrystallised limestone: fizzes in acid, is soft enough for a knife, and has a sugary sparkle on a broken face because the calcite grains have grown together. Fossils are destroyed by the recrystallisation.",
   "confused_with": "Quartzite, which is also pale and massive but scratches glass and does not fizz. One acid drop separates them.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Quartzite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "sandy",
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Fused sand grains",
   "range": "Ancient mountain belts worldwide; forms ridges because it resists erosion.",
   "tell": "Looks like sandstone until you break it: the fracture cuts straight through the grains rather than around them, giving a glassy sugary surface. Scratches glass and does not shed grains.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Slate",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "splits",
     "layers"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Too fine to see",
   "range": "Wales, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Spain.",
   "tell": "Splits into thin flat plates that ring like a tile when tapped, in grey, purple, green or black. Harder than shale and the split direction often cuts across the original bedding at an angle.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Phyllite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "splits",
     "sparkle"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Just below visible",
   "range": "Mountain belts worldwide.",
   "tell": "Slate that has gone one grade further: the split surfaces have a silvery silky sheen from mica too fine to resolve, and they are crinkled rather than flat.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Schist",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "splits",
     "sparkle",
     "banded"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Visible mica flakes 1–5 mm",
   "range": "The Appalachians, the Alps, the Scottish Highlands.",
   "tell": "Obviously sparkly, splitting along wavy surfaces paved with aligned mica flakes, often studded with garnet or staurolite crystals that grew during metamorphism.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/how-to-identify-metamorphic-rocks/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Gneiss",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "banded"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Crystals 1–10 mm",
   "range": "The oldest cores of every continent.",
   "tell": "Coarse-grained with the dark and light minerals segregated into alternating bands, sometimes swirled or folded. Unlike schist it does not split easily along the banding.",
   "confused_with": "Granite, which has the same minerals randomly arranged. Banding is the whole difference.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Amphibolite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "coarse"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "banded",
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Crystals 1–5 mm",
   "range": "Metamorphosed basalt in old mountain belts.",
   "tell": "Dark, heavy and dominated by black needle-like hornblende crystals, often with white plagioclase between them and a weak alignment rather than true banding.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Soapstone",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "nail"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Very fine",
   "range": "Vermont, Virginia, Finland, Brazil.",
   "tell": "Grey-green, and unmistakable by touch: it feels like dry soap and a fingernail carves it. Carvers and woodstove makers use it because it is soft and holds heat.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Serpentinite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "banded",
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "coin",
     "knife"
    ],
    "test": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fine, often with fibrous veins",
   "range": "California, Quebec, Cyprus, the Alps.",
   "tell": "Mottled dark and light green with a waxy or greasy sheen and polished slippery surfaces, frequently veined with white. California's state rock.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Some serpentinites contain fibrous chrysotile asbestos. Do not saw, grind or crush it dry.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "rock-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/rock-identifier/",
   "name": "Hornfels",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "family": [
     "metamorphic"
    ],
    "grain": [
     "fine"
    ],
    "structure": [
     "massive"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "glass"
    ],
    "test": []
   },
   "size": "Very fine, sugary under a lens",
   "range": "Contact zones around igneous intrusions.",
   "tell": "A dense, hard, dark, featureless rock with a splintery fracture, formed where an intrusion baked the surrounding mudstone. Found as an aureole around a granite body.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Quartz",
   "scientific_name": "SiO₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "greasy"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "conchoidal"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 7",
   "range": "The second most abundant mineral in the crust; in almost every rock and every gravel bar.",
   "tell": "Glassy, scratches glass and steel easily, breaks with curved shell-like faces and never into flat cleavage planes. Six-sided prisms ending in a point when it has room to grow.",
   "confused_with": "Calcite — which is far softer and fizzes — and glass, which quartz will scratch and which will not scratch quartz.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/rocks/quartz-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Orthoclase feldspar",
   "scientific_name": "KAlSi₃O₈",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 6",
   "range": "The most abundant mineral group in the crust; the pink in granite.",
   "tell": "Pink, cream or white blocky crystals that break along two flat directions meeting at right angles, giving stepped rectangular faces that flash in the light.",
   "confused_with": "Quartz, which is slightly harder and has no flat cleavage. If it breaks in flat steps, it is feldspar.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Plagioclase feldspar",
   "scientific_name": "(Na,Ca)AlSi₃O₈",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 6",
   "range": "Basalt, gabbro, diorite and most other igneous rocks.",
   "tell": "White to grey feldspar showing fine parallel striations — like the finest possible pinstripe — on one cleavage face. Those twinning lines are diagnostic and orthoclase never has them.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Calcite",
   "scientific_name": "CaCO₃",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h3"
    ],
    "break": [
     "rhomb"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "fizz",
     "glow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 3",
   "range": "Limestone, marble, cave formations and vein fillings everywhere.",
   "tell": "Fizzes strongly in vinegar, scratches with a copper coin, and breaks into leaning rhombs rather than cubes. Clear crystals show double refraction — text under them appears twice.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Dolomite",
   "scientific_name": "CaMg(CO₃)₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "rhomb"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "fizz"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 3.5–4",
   "range": "Dolostone and hydrothermal veins.",
   "tell": "A calcite look-alike that will not fizz until powdered, is slightly harder, and often forms rhombs with curved, saddle-shaped faces — a texture calcite never produces.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Gypsum",
   "scientific_name": "CaSO₄·2H₂O",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h1"
    ],
    "break": [
     "sheets",
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2",
   "range": "Evaporite beds, desert roses, White Sands.",
   "tell": "Soft enough to scratch with a fingernail, colourless to white, splitting into flexible but not elastic sheets. Does not fizz, does not taste of anything.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Halite",
   "scientific_name": "NaCl",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h3"
    ],
    "break": [
     "cubic"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "salty"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2.5",
   "range": "Salt beds, salt domes and dry lakebeds.",
   "tell": "Perfect cubes, dissolves in water, and tastes of salt. The taste test is standard practice and there is no substitute for it here.",
   "confused_with": "Sylvite, which is bitter rather than salty.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Fluorite",
   "scientific_name": "CaF₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven",
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "glow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 4",
   "range": "Hydrothermal veins: Illinois, Kentucky, Derbyshire, China.",
   "tell": "Cubes in purple, green, blue or yellow, softer than glass, with four cleavage directions that knock the corners off into triangles. Most specimens glow blue-violet under UV — the word fluorescence is named after it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Muscovite mica",
   "scientific_name": "KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "pearly",
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h3"
    ],
    "break": [
     "sheets"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2–2.5",
   "range": "Granite, schist and pegmatite worldwide.",
   "tell": "Peels into thin, clear, elastic sheets that spring back when bent — the elasticity separates mica from every other sheet mineral. Silvery to colourless.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Biotite mica",
   "scientific_name": "K(Mg,Fe)₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "pearly",
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h3"
    ],
    "break": [
     "sheets"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2.5–3",
   "range": "Granite, gneiss and schist.",
   "tell": "The same elastic sheets as muscovite but black to dark brown, and the flakes are translucent brown when held to the light rather than opaque.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Talc",
   "scientific_name": "Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "pearly",
     "greasy"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h1"
    ],
    "break": [
     "sheets"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 1 — the softest mineral",
   "range": "Metamorphosed ultramafic rock: Vermont, Montana, Finland.",
   "tell": "Feels soapy or greasy, marks paper, and a fingernail carves it easily. Pale green, grey or white. It defines the bottom of the Mohs scale.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Graphite",
   "scientific_name": "C",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "metallic",
     "dull"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h1"
    ],
    "break": [
     "sheets"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 1–2",
   "range": "Metamorphosed carbon-rich rocks: Sri Lanka, Madagascar, New York.",
   "tell": "Steel-grey, greasy to the touch, marks paper and your fingers black, and is soft enough to smear with a fingernail. Feels lighter than it looks.",
   "confused_with": "Molybdenite, which is very similar but heavier and has a blue tinge to its streak.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Pyrite",
   "scientific_name": "FeS₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "metallic"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven",
     "cubic"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "heavy",
     "smell"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 6–6.5",
   "range": "Sedimentary, igneous and hydrothermal settings worldwide.",
   "tell": "Brass-yellow metallic cubes with fine parallel striations on each face, hard enough to scratch glass, leaving a greenish-black streak and smelling faintly of sulphur when struck.",
   "confused_with": "Gold, which is far softer, malleable rather than brittle, and leaves a yellow streak. Pyrite shatters when hit; gold flattens.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Chalcopyrite",
   "scientific_name": "CuFeS₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "metallic"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "black",
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 3.5–4",
   "range": "The world's main copper ore, in veins and porphyry deposits.",
   "tell": "A deeper, more golden brass than pyrite, soft enough for a knife, and often tarnished into peacock blues and purples. Streak is greenish-black.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Galena",
   "scientific_name": "PbS",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "metallic"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h3"
    ],
    "break": [
     "cubic"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2.5",
   "range": "Lead-zinc districts: Missouri, Oklahoma, the Pennines, Poland.",
   "tell": "Bright silver-grey cubes that break into perfect smaller cubes, astonishingly heavy for their size, and soft enough to mark with a coin.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Lead sulphide. Wash your hands after handling and do not grind, cut or lick it.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Sphalerite",
   "scientific_name": "ZnS",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "adamantine",
     "greasy"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "brown",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "smell"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 3.5–4",
   "range": "With galena in lead-zinc ore bodies.",
   "tell": "Resinous brown to black with six cleavage directions giving a jumbled sparkle, a pale yellow-brown streak, and a rotten-egg smell when scratched.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Magnetite",
   "scientific_name": "Fe₃O₄",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "metallic"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "magnet",
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 5.5–6.5",
   "range": "Igneous and metamorphic rocks; concentrated in black sand on beaches.",
   "tell": "Black, heavy, scratches glass, black streak, and strongly magnetic — a fridge magnet on a string swings to it. Often as sharp octahedra.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Hematite",
   "scientific_name": "Fe₂O₃",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "metallic",
     "dull"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "red"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6",
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 5–6",
   "range": "The world's main iron ore: the Lake Superior ranges, Minas Gerais, Australia.",
   "tell": "Whatever colour the specimen is — silver, black, red or brown — the streak is always the same rusty red-brown. That single property identifies it against everything else.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Goethite and limonite",
   "scientific_name": "FeO(OH)",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "dull",
     "metallic"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "brown"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 5–5.5",
   "range": "Every weathered iron-bearing rock; bog iron; the rust on everything.",
   "tell": "Yellow-brown to almost black, often botryoidal like a cluster of grapes, with a distinctly yellow-brown streak that separates it from hematite's red.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Malachite",
   "scientific_name": "Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "silky",
     "dull",
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "fizz"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 3.5–4",
   "range": "Weathered copper deposits: Arizona, Congo, the Urals.",
   "tell": "Bright green with concentric banding in light and dark green, silky when fibrous, and it fizzes in acid because it is a carbonate. Green streak.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Azurite",
   "scientific_name": "Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "fizz"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 3.5–4",
   "range": "With malachite in weathered copper deposits.",
   "tell": "Deep azure blue with a light blue streak, fizzing in acid. Frequently found grown together with malachite, slowly altering into it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Olivine",
   "scientific_name": "(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "conchoidal",
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 6.5–7",
   "range": "Basalt, peridotite and mantle xenoliths; gem quality is peridot.",
   "tell": "Sugary olive-green grains with a glassy shine, in dark igneous rock, breaking with curved fractures and no cleavage.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Garnet",
   "scientific_name": "(Mg,Fe,Ca)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h8"
    ],
    "break": [
     "conchoidal",
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 6.5–7.5",
   "range": "Schist, gneiss and river sands worldwide.",
   "tell": "Deep red to red-brown balls with twelve rhombic faces, embedded in mica schist, harder than glass and with no cleavage at all.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Hornblende",
   "scientific_name": "Ca₂(Mg,Fe,Al)₅(Al,Si)₈O₂₂(OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 5–6",
   "range": "Granite, diorite, amphibolite and schist.",
   "tell": "Black needle-like or bladed crystals with two cleavage directions meeting at about 60 and 120 degrees. That angle separates the amphiboles from the pyroxenes.",
   "confused_with": "Augite, whose cleavages meet at nearly 90 degrees. Look at the end of a broken crystal.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Augite",
   "scientific_name": "(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "dull"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 5.5–6",
   "range": "Basalt, gabbro and other dark igneous rocks.",
   "tell": "Stubby dark green-black crystals whose two cleavages meet at close to a right angle, giving a squarish cross-section rather than the amphiboles' diamond.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Apatite",
   "scientific_name": "Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "conchoidal",
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "glow"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 5 — it defines the middle of the Mohs scale",
   "range": "Igneous rocks, pegmatites and phosphate beds.",
   "tell": "Green, blue or brown hexagonal prisms that a knife will just scratch and that will not scratch glass. Sitting exactly at 5 makes it the calibration point of the scale.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Barite",
   "scientific_name": "BaSO₄",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 3–3.5",
   "range": "Hydrothermal veins and desert rose concretions.",
   "tell": "Colourless to white bladed crystals that are startlingly heavy for a non-metallic mineral — the heft is what identifies it. Soft, with good cleavage in three directions.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Kyanite",
   "scientific_name": "Al₂SiO₅",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6",
     "h8"
    ],
    "break": [
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 4.5 along the blade, 7 across it",
   "range": "High-pressure metamorphic rocks: the Appalachians, the Alps.",
   "tell": "Blue bladed crystals with a unique property — a knife scratches it along the length of the blade and will not scratch it across the width. Nothing else in common collecting does that.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Tourmaline",
   "scientific_name": "Complex borosilicate",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h8"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven",
     "conchoidal"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 7–7.5",
   "range": "Pegmatites: Maine, California, Brazil, Afghanistan.",
   "tell": "Long prisms with a rounded-triangular cross-section and heavy lengthwise striations, black in the common variety and any colour in the gem varieties.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Beryl",
   "scientific_name": "Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h8"
    ],
    "break": [
     "conchoidal",
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 7.5–8",
   "range": "Granite pegmatites worldwide; the source of emerald and aquamarine.",
   "tell": "Six-sided prisms with flat ends, in green, blue-green, yellow or pink, hard enough to scratch quartz. Crystals grow large — metres, occasionally.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Corundum",
   "scientific_name": "Al₂O₃",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "adamantine",
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h8"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 9 — second only to diamond",
   "range": "Metamorphosed alumina-rich rocks; sapphire and ruby are gem corundum.",
   "tell": "Barrel-shaped or tabular hexagonal crystals that scratch everything except diamond and moissanite, distinctly heavy, often with a satiny sheen across the crystal faces.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Native sulphur",
   "scientific_name": "S",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "greasy",
     "adamantine"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h1"
    ],
    "break": [
     "conchoidal",
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "smell"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 1.5–2.5",
   "range": "Volcanic fumaroles and salt domes.",
   "tell": "Vivid canary yellow, soft, brittle, greasy-looking, and it smells and crumbles when warmed in the hand. Nothing else is that yellow.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Serpentine",
   "scientific_name": "Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "greasy",
     "silky",
     "dull"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h5"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven",
     "sheets"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2.5–4",
   "range": "Altered ultramafic rocks: California, Quebec, Cyprus.",
   "tell": "Mottled green with a waxy or greasy feel and slippery polished surfaces, sometimes with silky white fibrous veins running through it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Fibrous chrysotile serpentine is asbestos. Do not cut, grind or crush it dry.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Chlorite",
   "scientific_name": "(Mg,Fe)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "pearly",
     "dull"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white",
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h1",
     "h3"
    ],
    "break": [
     "sheets"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2–2.5",
   "range": "Low-grade metamorphic rocks everywhere.",
   "tell": "Dark green flakes that look like mica but are not elastic: bend one and it stays bent. That single test separates chlorite from biotite.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Epidote",
   "scientific_name": "Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃(SiO₄)₃(OH)",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "vitreous"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "white"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h6"
    ],
    "break": [
     "two"
    ],
    "extra": []
   },
   "size": "Hardness 6–7",
   "range": "Metamorphosed and altered igneous rocks worldwide.",
   "tell": "A distinctive yellow-green — the shade is called pistachio and once seen is unmistakable — in slender striated prisms, hard enough to scratch glass.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mineral-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mineral-identifier/",
   "name": "Gold",
   "scientific_name": "Au",
   "traits": {
    "lustre": [
     "metallic"
    ],
    "streak": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "h3"
    ],
    "break": [
     "uneven"
    ],
    "extra": [
     "heavy"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Hardness 2.5–3",
   "range": "Quartz veins and placer gravels worldwide.",
   "tell": "Malleable rather than brittle: a needle point dents it instead of chipping it. Streak is gold-yellow, colour does not tarnish, and the density is so high a small grain feels wrong in the hand.",
   "confused_with": "Pyrite and biotite flakes. Pyrite shatters and streaks black; wet biotite glitters and floats. Gold flattens under a pin and sinks like a stone.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Diamond",
   "scientific_name": "C — carbon",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "colourless",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "top"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 10; refractive index 2.42",
   "range": "Kimberlite pipes in southern Africa, Russia, Canada and Australia.",
   "tell": "Extreme brilliance and hard, sharply defined facet edges that stay crisp because nothing abrades them. Singly refractive, so facet edges seen through the table are single, not doubled.",
   "confused_with": "Moissanite doubles the facet edges under magnification. Cubic zirconia is denser and has lower thermal conductivity, which is what a jeweller's pen tester measures. The old \"scratches glass\" test proves nothing — all three do.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Ruby",
   "scientific_name": "Corundum, Al₂O₃",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "top"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear",
     "translucent"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none",
     "star"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 9",
   "range": "Myanmar, Mozambique, Thailand, Madagascar.",
   "tell": "Red corundum, from pinkish to deep pigeon's blood, with a strong red fluorescence under ultraviolet light in Burmese material. Star rubies show a six-rayed star from oriented rutile needles.",
   "confused_with": "Red spinel, which is softer at 8 and singly refractive; garnet, which is softer still; and glass. The Black Prince's Ruby in the Imperial State Crown is a spinel.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Sapphire",
   "scientific_name": "Corundum, Al₂O₃",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "yellow",
     "red",
     "green",
     "colourless"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "top"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none",
     "star"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 9",
   "range": "Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Kashmir, Montana, Australia.",
   "tell": "Corundum in any colour except red, so there are yellow, pink, green and colourless sapphires as well as blue. Very hard, with a slightly oily lustre and often visible straight colour banding.",
   "confused_with": "Tanzanite, which is much softer at 6 to 7 and shows different colours from different directions. Blue glass and synthetic sapphire are both common; synthetic material is chemically identical and needs a lab to detect.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Emerald",
   "scientific_name": "Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear",
     "translucent"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 7.5–8",
   "range": "Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, Afghanistan.",
   "tell": "Deep green beryl, almost always heavily included — the internal fractures and crystals are called the jardin, the garden, and their absence in a clean stone is a warning rather than a virtue.",
   "confused_with": "Green glass, synthetic emerald, and doublets glued from two pieces with green cement. Most natural emerald is oil- or resin-treated to fill the fractures, which is normal and disclosed but affects durability and cleaning.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Never clean an emerald ultrasonically or with steam. It strips the filling and can crack the stone along an existing fracture.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Aquamarine",
   "scientific_name": "Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none",
     "eye"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 7.5–8",
   "range": "Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Madagascar.",
   "tell": "Pale sea-blue to blue-green beryl, typically very clean, in large flawless crystals. Colour is usually pale in natural stones; a deep blue aquamarine has almost always been heat-treated.",
   "confused_with": "Blue topaz, which is denser and heavier for its size, and blue glass, which contains bubbles.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Amethyst",
   "scientific_name": "Quartz, SiO₂",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "purple"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 7",
   "range": "Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, Russia.",
   "tell": "Purple quartz, often with visible colour zoning in angular bands or a paler zone towards the crystal base. Sold in geodes and clusters everywhere.",
   "confused_with": "Purple glass and synthetic amethyst, which is chemically identical and cheap. Deep colour fades in prolonged sunlight, which is real and irreversible.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Citrine",
   "scientific_name": "Quartz, SiO₂",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 7",
   "range": "Brazil, Bolivia, Madagascar.",
   "tell": "Yellow to orange-brown quartz. Natural citrine is a pale lemon; almost every deep orange-brown \"citrine\" on the market is heat-treated amethyst, which is legitimate and should be disclosed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Topaz",
   "scientific_name": "Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "yellow",
     "colourless",
     "red"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 8",
   "range": "Brazil, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia.",
   "tell": "Hard, bright and noticeably heavy for its size, with a slippery slightly soapy feel. Almost all blue topaz on the market is irradiated and heated colourless material.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Perfect basal cleavage. Topaz resists scratching beautifully and splits from a single sharp knock, so it needs a protective setting in a ring.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Garnet",
   "scientific_name": "X₃Y₂(SiO₄)₃ group",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "green",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid",
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none",
     "star",
     "change"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6.5–7.5",
   "range": "Worldwide; almandine in schist, demantoid in Russia, tsavorite in Kenya.",
   "tell": "A whole family rather than one stone. Deep red almandine is the familiar one; there are also orange spessartine, green tsavorite, brilliant green demantoid and colour-change species. Singly refractive with no cleavage.",
   "confused_with": "Ruby, which is much harder and fluoresces red. Garnet is denser than most red stones and sinks fast in heavy liquids, which is how gemmologists separate them.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Peridot",
   "scientific_name": "Olivine, (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6.5–7",
   "range": "Arizona, Pakistan, Myanmar, and in meteorites.",
   "tell": "A distinctive oily olive-green with a yellow undertone, and strong double refraction — look through the table with a loupe and the back facet edges appear doubled.",
   "confused_with": "Emerald and green glass. The doubled facet edges are diagnostic and easy to see.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Tourmaline",
   "scientific_name": "Complex borosilicate",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "red",
     "blue",
     "black",
     "multi"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear",
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none",
     "eye"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 7–7.5",
   "range": "Brazil, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Maine, California.",
   "tell": "Comes in more colours than any other gem species, often several in one crystal — watermelon tourmaline is pink-cored and green-rimmed. Rough crystals have a rounded-triangular cross-section with heavy lengthwise striations.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Spinel",
   "scientific_name": "MgAl₂O₄",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "blue",
     "purple",
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 8",
   "range": "Myanmar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Vietnam.",
   "tell": "Bright, singly refractive and often in octahedral crystals. Historically sold as ruby, and now increasingly valued in its own right for the vivid red and the cobalt blue.",
   "confused_with": "Ruby. Spinel is singly refractive and ruby is doubly refractive — a polariscope or a loupe check for doubled facet edges settles it in seconds.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Tanzanite",
   "scientific_name": "Zoisite, Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH)",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "purple"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "change"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6–7",
   "range": "One hill in Tanzania and nowhere else on Earth.",
   "tell": "Violet-blue with strong pleochroism — it shows blue, violet and burgundy from three different directions, which is visible by rotating the stone in the hand. Nearly all material is heat-treated to remove the brown.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Soft, with distinct cleavage and sensitivity to sudden temperature change. A poor choice for an everyday ring and unsuited to ultrasonic cleaning.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Opal",
   "scientific_name": "SiO₂·nH₂O",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "multi",
     "colourless",
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "soft"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "translucent",
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "play"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 5.5–6.5",
   "range": "Australia, Ethiopia, Mexico, Brazil.",
   "tell": "Flashes of spectral colour that move as the stone moves — play of colour, produced by diffraction from a regular array of silica spheres. This is not the same as an overall body colour.",
   "confused_with": "Doublets and triplets, thin slices of opal backed with dark material and capped with quartz or glass. Look at the stone from the side: a straight-line junction means an assembled stone.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Contains up to 20% water and crazes into a network of fine cracks if dried by heat or low humidity. Never ultrasonic, never steam, never leave in a hot car.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Moonstone",
   "scientific_name": "Orthoclase feldspar",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "colourless",
     "blue"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "translucent"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "sheen"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6–6.5",
   "range": "Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar.",
   "tell": "A soft blue or white glow that floats across the surface and moves as you tilt the stone — adularescence, caused by light scattering between microscopic layers of two feldspars.",
   "confused_with": "Opalite, a manufactured glass sold widely as moonstone, which contains bubbles and has a flat orange glow in transmitted light.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Labradorite",
   "scientific_name": "Plagioclase feldspar",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "multi",
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "translucent",
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "sheen"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6–6.5",
   "range": "Labrador, Finland, Madagascar.",
   "tell": "Dull grey until the angle is right, then a broad flash of peacock blue, green or gold across the whole surface — labradorescence, from light interference in internal lamellae.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Turquoise",
   "scientific_name": "CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "soft"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 5–6",
   "range": "Iran, the US Southwest, China.",
   "tell": "Opaque sky-blue to green, usually with a web of dark host rock called matrix. Porous, so it absorbs oils and changes colour over years of wear.",
   "confused_with": "Dyed howlite and magnesite, which are extremely common and can be detected by rubbing an inconspicuous spot with acetone — the dye lifts. Most commercial turquoise is stabilised with resin, which is standard practice.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Lapis lazuli",
   "scientific_name": "Lazurite in a rock matrix",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "soft"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 5–6",
   "range": "Afghanistan, principally the Sar-e-Sang mines, for over 6,000 years.",
   "tell": "Deep ultramarine blue flecked with brassy specks of pyrite and often white streaks of calcite. It is a rock rather than a mineral, which is why the composition varies.",
   "confused_with": "Dyed jasper sold as lapis, which is uniformly blue with no pyrite. Ground lapis was the source of ultramarine pigment and was once worth more than gold.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Jade — jadeite and nephrite",
   "scientific_name": "NaAlSi₂O₆ / Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "colourless",
     "purple"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "translucent",
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6–7",
   "range": "Jadeite from Myanmar; nephrite from China, British Columbia, New Zealand.",
   "tell": "Two different minerals sold under one name. Both are made of densely interlocked fibrous crystals, which makes jade extraordinarily tough — resistant to breaking rather than to scratching — and gives it a slightly greasy lustre and a solid ring when tapped.",
   "confused_with": "Serpentine, aventurine quartz and dyed quartzite are all sold as jade. Dyed jadeite, called B-jade, is bleached and resin-impregnated and degrades over years.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Agate, jasper and carnelian",
   "scientific_name": "Chalcedony, SiO₂",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "multi",
     "red",
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "translucent",
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6.5–7",
   "range": "Worldwide; abundant in Brazil, Uruguay, Oregon and Montana.",
   "tell": "Microcrystalline quartz. Agate is banded and translucent, jasper is opaque and patterned, carnelian is translucent orange-red. All are hard enough to scratch glass and all take a high polish.",
   "confused_with": "Dyed agate is everywhere — the vivid blue, purple and green slices sold as bookends and coasters are dyed, and the colour is often obvious in the unnaturally even bands.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Amber",
   "scientific_name": "Fossilised tree resin",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "yellow"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "soft"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear",
     "translucent"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "organic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 2–2.5",
   "range": "The Baltic coast, the Dominican Republic, Myanmar.",
   "tell": "Warm to the touch, very light — it floats in saturated salt water — and it takes a static charge when rubbed, picking up small pieces of paper. Often contains insects or plant fragments.",
   "confused_with": "Copal, which is young resin and dissolves in acetone, and plastic, which sinks in salt water and smells of burning plastic under a hot pin rather than of pine.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Pearl",
   "scientific_name": "Nacre — aragonite and conchiolin",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "colourless",
     "black"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "soft"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "opaque"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "sheen"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "organic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 2.5–4.5",
   "range": "Cultured in Japan, China, Australia and French Polynesia.",
   "tell": "The tooth test: draw a pearl gently along the biting edge of a front tooth. A real pearl feels distinctly gritty from the microscopic aragonite platelets; an imitation feels perfectly smooth.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Soft, porous and destroyed by perfume, hairspray, vinegar and even sweat. Put pearls on last and wipe them after wearing.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Alexandrite",
   "scientific_name": "Chrysoberyl, BeAl₂O₄",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "green",
     "red"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "change",
     "eye"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 8.5",
   "range": "Originally the Urals; now Brazil, Sri Lanka, East Africa.",
   "tell": "Green in daylight and red under incandescent light, because its absorption spectrum happens to sit exactly between the two illuminants. Genuine strong-change material is one of the rarest and most valuable gems there is.",
   "confused_with": "Colour-change synthetic corundum and synthetic alexandrite are both common. Most \"alexandrite\" sold cheaply is one of these.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Zircon",
   "scientific_name": "ZrSiO₄",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "colourless",
     "yellow",
     "red"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "mid",
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "gem"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 6–7.5",
   "range": "Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Australia.",
   "tell": "Very high dispersion and extremely strong double refraction — the doubling of the back facet edges is obvious under a loupe. Heavy for its size.",
   "confused_with": "Entirely unrelated to cubic zirconia despite the name. Zircon is a natural mineral, and the oldest known terrestrial material is a zircon crystal 4.4 billion years old.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Moissanite",
   "scientific_name": "SiC — silicon carbide",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "colourless",
     "yellow",
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "top"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "sim"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 9.25",
   "range": "Almost all material is laboratory-grown.",
   "tell": "Very close to diamond in hardness and brilliance, but strongly doubly refractive — look through the table with a loupe and the opposite facet edges are visibly doubled. Dispersion is higher, giving more coloured fire.",
   "confused_with": "Sold both honestly as a diamond alternative and dishonestly as diamond. Old thermal-probe testers read it as diamond; modern combined thermal and electrical testers do not.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Cubic zirconia",
   "scientific_name": "ZrO₂",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "colourless",
     "multi"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "hard"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "sim"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 8–8.5",
   "range": "Entirely laboratory-grown since the 1970s.",
   "tell": "Denser than diamond, so a CZ of the same apparent size is noticeably heavier. Facet edges soften with wear because it is softer, and older stones look cloudy where a diamond would still be crisp.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "gemstone-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/gemstone-identifier/",
   "name": "Glass and paste",
   "scientific_name": "Amorphous silica with additives",
   "traits": {
    "colour": [
     "multi",
     "red",
     "blue",
     "green"
    ],
    "hardness": [
     "soft",
     "mid"
    ],
    "clarity": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "effect": [
     "none"
    ],
    "kind": [
     "sim"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Mohs 5–6",
   "range": "Everywhere, in every colour.",
   "tell": "Rounded rather than crisp facet edges from moulding, gas bubbles visible under a loupe, swirl marks, and warmth — glass reaches skin temperature faster than any crystalline gem. Softer than quartz, so a quartz point scratches it.",
   "confused_with": "Imitates every gem on this list. The bubble check under 10× magnification catches most of it.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Ammonite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "coil"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone",
     "shale",
     "chalk",
     "loose"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1 cm to 2 m",
   "range": "Worldwide in Jurassic and Cretaceous marine rock. Lyme Regis, Whitby, the Alps, South Dakota.",
   "tell": "A flat coil with chambers separated by walls, and where the shell has worn away the joins show as intricate fern-like suture lines. Ribs usually run across the coil.",
   "confused_with": "Nautiloids, whose sutures are simple curves rather than frilled. That suture pattern is the diagnostic character and it is visible on any worn specimen.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Nautiloid and orthocone",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "coil",
     "cone"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo",
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2 cm to 3 m",
   "range": "Palaeozoic limestones worldwide; Morocco produces polished slabs commercially.",
   "tell": "Either coiled or a long straight cone, divided into chambers by simple curved walls. The tube running through the chambers, the siphuncle, is often visible as a line down the middle.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Belemnite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "cone"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "chalk",
     "shale",
     "limestone",
     "loose"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–20 cm",
   "range": "Jurassic and Cretaceous rock across Europe and North America.",
   "tell": "A solid bullet-shaped rod of amber to dark brown calcite, often with a hollow cone at the wide end. Broken across, it shows radiating crystal fibres from a central line.",
   "confused_with": "Called thunderbolts and devil's fingers in folklore. It is the internal skeleton of a squid-like animal, not a shell.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Trilobite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "segments"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale",
     "limestone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–10 cm, rarely to 70 cm",
   "range": "Cambrian to Permian rock: Utah, New York, Morocco, Wales, the Czech Republic.",
   "tell": "Divided lengthwise into three lobes — hence the name — and crosswise into a head shield, a segmented body and a tail piece. Frequently found rolled into a ball, which is how it defended itself.",
   "confused_with": "Most trilobite fossils are moulted exoskeletons rather than dead animals, which is why complete ones are far scarcer than fragments.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Brachiopod",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "twohalves"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone",
     "shale"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo",
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–8 cm",
   "range": "Palaeozoic limestone worldwide; enormously abundant in the US Midwest.",
   "tell": "Two shells of <strong>unequal size</strong>, with a plane of symmetry running through the middle of each shell rather than between them. Many have a small hole at the beak where a fleshy stalk emerged.",
   "confused_with": "Bivalve molluscs, whose two shells are mirror images of each other and equal in size. The symmetry test separates them completely.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Fossil bivalve",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "twohalves"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone",
     "sandstone",
     "chalk",
     "shale"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso",
     "ceno",
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–20 cm",
   "range": "Marine sedimentary rock worldwide.",
   "tell": "Two mirror-image shells of equal size joined at a hinge, exactly like a modern clam or oyster. Symmetry runs between the two shells, not through each one.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Devil's toenail",
   "scientific_name": "Gryphaea",
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "twohalves",
     "coil"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale",
     "limestone",
     "loose"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–10 cm",
   "range": "Jurassic clays of England and the American Midwest.",
   "tell": "A thick, heavily curved oyster shell that coils over on itself like a claw, with a small flat lid. Instantly recognisable and the source of its own folklore.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Crinoid stem",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "disc"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone",
     "chert"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo",
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Discs 2–20 mm",
   "range": "Palaeozoic limestone worldwide; abundant in Indiana, Iowa, Derbyshire and Yorkshire.",
   "tell": "Stacks of small discs, each with a central hole and often a star-shaped or radial pattern on the face, sometimes still joined into a column. Loose discs are the most abundant fossil in many limestones.",
   "confused_with": "Called sea lilies, and they are animals rather than plants — echinoderms related to starfish, anchored to the seabed on a stalk.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Crinoid crown",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "branch",
     "disc"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale",
     "limestone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–15 cm",
   "range": "Crawfordsville in Indiana and Le Grand in Iowa produce world-class specimens.",
   "tell": "A cup of plates with feathery arms radiating from it, on top of a stem. A complete crown is far rarer and far more valuable than loose stem discs.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Horn coral",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "cone"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone",
     "shale"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–15 cm",
   "range": "Devonian and Carboniferous limestone worldwide.",
   "tell": "A curved cone shaped like a bull's horn, with radiating vertical partitions visible in the wide open end. A solitary rugose coral that lived on the sea floor.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Colonial and honeycomb coral",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "branch"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo",
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–50 cm",
   "range": "Palaeozoic limestone worldwide; the Great Lakes region and the English Midlands.",
   "tell": "A mass of tightly packed tubes seen end-on as a honeycomb, or as long parallel tubes in section. Petoskey stone, Michigan's state stone, is a polished colonial coral.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Bryozoan",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "branch"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone",
     "shale"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo",
     "meso",
     "ceno"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5 mm to 5 cm",
   "range": "Marine sedimentary rock worldwide.",
   "tell": "Delicate lacy nets, fine twigs or fan-shaped meshes covered in minute pores, each pore a separate animal. Often mistaken for coral, but the individual openings are far smaller.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Fossil sea urchin",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "disc",
     "twohalves"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "chalk",
     "limestone",
     "chert"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso",
     "ceno"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–10 cm",
   "range": "Cretaceous chalk of England and France; Cenozoic limestone worldwide.",
   "tell": "A dome or heart-shaped body with five bands of tiny paired pores radiating from the top in a flower pattern, and a surface covered in small bumps where the spines attached.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Shark tooth",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "tooth"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "sandstone",
     "loose",
     "chalk"
    ],
    "age": [
     "ceno",
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5 mm to 18 cm",
   "range": "Coastal plain deposits: the Carolinas, Florida, Maryland, Morocco.",
   "tell": "A triangular enamel blade, usually glossy black or grey from mineral replacement, with a distinct root and often serrated edges. Megalodon teeth reach 18 cm and are unmistakable.",
   "confused_with": "Sharks shed teeth continuously through life — tens of thousands each — which is why they are the commonest vertebrate fossil there is.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Fossil fish",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "tooth",
     "trace"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale",
     "limestone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "ceno",
     "meso",
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–50 cm",
   "range": "The Green River Formation in Wyoming, Solnhofen in Germany, Monte Bolca in Italy.",
   "tell": "A complete skeleton laid flat in fine-grained rock, with the fin rays and the scale pattern often preserved. Green River fish are quarried commercially and are among the most affordable complete vertebrate fossils.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Dinosaur bone",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "tooth"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "sandstone",
     "shale",
     "loose"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fragments to metres",
   "range": "The Morrison and Hell Creek formations of the American West, and equivalents worldwide.",
   "tell": "The internal texture is the identification: bone shows a spongy honeycomb of cells with a denser outer wall, visible on any broken surface. Petrified wood shows growth rings and grain instead.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Collecting vertebrate fossils on US federal land is illegal without a permit under the Paleontological Resources Preservation Act. On private land it requires the owner's permission.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Petrified wood",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "sandstone",
     "loose"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso",
     "ceno"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fragments to whole trunks",
   "range": "The Petrified Forest in Arizona, Washington State, Madagascar, Argentina.",
   "tell": "Rock with the growth rings, bark texture and cell structure of wood preserved in silica, often brilliantly coloured by iron and manganese. Hard enough to scratch glass, and it takes a mirror polish.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Fern and leaf impression",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "plant",
     "trace"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo",
     "meso",
     "ceno"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–30 cm",
   "range": "Coal measures worldwide; Carboniferous shales of Illinois, Pennsylvania and northern England.",
   "tell": "A flat black carbon film in the shape of a frond or leaf, splitting cleanly out of shale. Coal spoil heaps are the classic hunting ground and the detail can be extraordinary.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Lepidodendron bark",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale",
     "sandstone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5 cm to metres",
   "range": "Carboniferous coal measures worldwide.",
   "tell": "A regular diamond or scale pattern covering the surface, each diamond a scar where a leaf was attached. A giant clubmoss up to 40 m tall, and one of the main sources of coal.",
   "confused_with": "Frequently reported as fossilised snake or dinosaur skin. The regular geometric diamonds and the shale context give it away.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Calamites",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale",
     "sandstone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–50 cm",
   "range": "Carboniferous coal measures worldwide.",
   "tell": "A ribbed cylinder with regular joints across it, like a length of bamboo. A giant horsetail, related to the small ones still growing in ditches today.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Stromatolite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "branch",
     "disc"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "limestone",
     "chert"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5 cm to metres",
   "range": "Precambrian rock worldwide; living examples in Shark Bay, Australia.",
   "tell": "Domed or columnar structures with fine concentric internal layers, built by mats of cyanobacteria trapping sediment. Some are 3.5 billion years old and are among the oldest evidence of life on Earth.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Graptolite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "branch"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–10 cm",
   "range": "Ordovician and Silurian black shales of Wales, Scotland, New York and Australia.",
   "tell": "Fine saw-blade or tuning-fork marks on dark shale, looking like pencil writing — the name means \"written rock\". Colonial floating animals, and precise markers for dating rock.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Coprolite",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "cone",
     "trace"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "loose",
     "sandstone",
     "shale"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso",
     "ceno",
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–20 cm",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Fossilised dung: a lumpy irregular mass, often spiral or pinched at one end, sometimes containing bone fragments, scales or plant matter. Difficult to distinguish from a concretion without a section.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Trace fossils and burrows",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "trace"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "sandstone",
     "shale",
     "limestone"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo",
     "meso",
     "ceno"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Variable",
   "range": "Worldwide.",
   "tell": "Vertical tubes, U-shaped burrows, ripple marks, trails and footprints. No body is preserved — the fossil is the behaviour, and for sedimentologists that is often more informative than a shell.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Amber with inclusions",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "plant"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "loose"
    ],
    "age": [
     "ceno",
     "meso"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–10 cm",
   "range": "The Baltic coast, the Dominican Republic, Myanmar.",
   "tell": "Fossilised tree resin, warm to the touch, floating in saturated salt water and picking up paper when rubbed. Insects and plant fragments trapped inside are preserved in three dimensions.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Burmese amber comes from a conflict zone and its trade has serious ethical problems. Several journals now decline papers based on recently acquired Burmese material.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "fossil-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/fossil-identifier/",
   "name": "Concretion — not a fossil",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "shape": [
     "disc",
     "cone"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "rock": [
     "shale",
     "sandstone",
     "loose"
    ],
    "age": [
     "meso",
     "ceno",
     "paleo"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1 cm to metres",
   "range": "Sedimentary rock worldwide.",
   "tell": "A hard rounded or lens-shaped lump that weathers out of softer rock, often with concentric internal layers. The source of most \"fossil egg\", \"dinosaur bone\" and \"meteorite\" reports.",
   "confused_with": "Some concretions genuinely formed around a fossil, which is why Mazon Creek nodules in Illinois are split open by collectors — but most contain nothing.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Blackberry",
   "scientific_name": "Rubus fruticosus and allies",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "cane"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "aggregate"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "waste"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 1–2.5 cm",
   "range": "North America, Europe and everywhere temperate.",
   "tell": "An aggregate of glossy black beads that keeps its white core when picked, on an arching thorny cane with palmate leaves of three to five toothed leaflets.",
   "confused_with": "Nothing dangerous. There is no poisonous look-alike for a true blackberry in North America or Europe, which is why it is the standard first forage.",
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rubus fruticosus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 255561,
    "gbif_months": [
     19168,
     16365,
     19322,
     22193,
     27378,
     28503,
     27336,
     22595,
     22446,
     17678,
     14912,
     11284
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 194247,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Raspberry and black raspberry",
   "scientific_name": "Rubus idaeus, R. occidentalis",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "cane"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "aggregate"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "waste"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 1–2 cm",
   "range": "Temperate North America, Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "The same beaded aggregate as a blackberry but it pulls off the core hollow, like a thimble. Canes are bristly rather than thorny, often with a white bloom.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rubus idaeus L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 799549,
    "gbif_months": [
     19424,
     4202,
     8599,
     26245,
     61721,
     113394,
     144539,
     116745,
     64705,
     32417,
     10167,
     6678
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 86576,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild strawberry",
   "scientific_name": "Fragaria vesca, F. virginiana",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "edge",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 1–2 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A miniature strawberry with seeds on the outside, on a low plant with three toothed leaflets and white five-petalled flowers, spreading by runners.",
   "confused_with": "Mock strawberry (Potentilla indica), which has yellow flowers and an upward-pointing tasteless fruit. Harmless but not worth picking.",
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Fragaria vesca L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 798077,
    "gbif_months": [
     27581,
     9371,
     18427,
     53424,
     106173,
     121578,
     106551,
     73556,
     47423,
     28367,
     11875,
     10796
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 106452,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Blueberry and huckleberry",
   "scientific_name": "Vaccinium species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single",
     "flat"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 5–12 mm",
   "range": "Acid soils across North America and northern Europe.",
   "tell": "Round blue fruit with a waxy bloom and a distinct five-pointed crown at the far end, on a twiggy shrub with small oval leaves. The crown is the confirmation.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": "https://orvik.app/food/what-are-the-sweetest-blueberries/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vaccinium L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2513864,
    "gbif_months": [
     49404,
     23308,
     37698,
     74119,
     152872,
     330911,
     492935,
     411776,
     184955,
     88959,
     37554,
     21357
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 483291,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Elderberry",
   "scientific_name": "Sambucus canadensis, S. nigra",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "caution"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "flat"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "waste"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 4–6 mm, clusters 15–25 cm across",
   "range": "North America and Europe, on damp disturbed ground.",
   "tell": "Enormous flat-topped clusters of tiny purple-black berries on red-purple stalks, over compound leaves of five to eleven toothed leaflets. The stems are pithy and hollow-cored.",
   "confused_with": "Water hemlock and pokeweed both carry clustered dark fruit on reddish stems. Elder has woody stems and opposite compound leaves; pokeweed is a soft herb with alternate simple leaves.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Ripe cooked fruit is a traditional food. Raw berries, and all leaves, stems and roots, contain cyanogenic glycosides and cause vomiting and diarrhoea. Red elderberry is more toxic than black and its seeds should not be eaten at all.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/food/what-are-elderberries/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sambucus canadensis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 50560,
    "gbif_months": [
     757,
     1025,
     2307,
     4466,
     5869,
     14142,
     9740,
     6703,
     2530,
     1159,
     720,
     615
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 81636,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Serviceberry",
   "scientific_name": "Amelanchier species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "black",
     "blue"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub",
     "tree"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 6–10 mm",
   "range": "North America and, as an ornamental, worldwide.",
   "tell": "Small purple pomes ripening from red, each with a five-pointed crown like a blueberry, on a small tree with smooth grey bark and oval finely toothed leaves. Ripens in June, before almost anything else.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Amelanchier Medik.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 293125,
    "gbif_months": [
     11944,
     3675,
     8310,
     38343,
     54064,
     44153,
     38402,
     26314,
     16860,
     10251,
     4973,
     3032
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 179522,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Mulberry",
   "scientific_name": "Morus species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "aggregate"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "waste",
     "edge"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 2–3 cm",
   "range": "Naturalised across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "A long beaded aggregate like a stretched blackberry, on a tree whose leaves come in three shapes — plain, mitten and glove — and bleed milky sap when torn.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Ripe fruit is fine. Unripe white fruit and the milky sap cause stomach upset and, in quantity, hallucination.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/mulberry-tree-identification/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Wild grape",
   "scientific_name": "Vitis species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "blue"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "vine"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "bunch"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "waste"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 6–15 mm",
   "range": "North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Hanging bunches of round dark fruit on a woody climber with forked tendrils, shredding bark and large lobed leaves. Cut a berry: grapes have two to four pear-shaped seeds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Edible, but Canada moonseed is a deadly look-alike growing in the same hedgerows. Moonseed has a single flat crescent-shaped seed, no tendrils, and unlobed leaves attached inside the leaf edge rather than at the notch. Check a seed before eating any wild grape.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vitis L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 226757,
    "gbif_months": [
     3028,
     1563,
     4041,
     15234,
     21448,
     22785,
     19886,
     17533,
     15652,
     10237,
     4045,
     1981
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 250130,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Canada moonseed",
   "scientific_name": "Menispermum canadense",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black",
     "blue"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "vine"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "bunch"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–10 mm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "A grape mimic: dark bunches on a twining vine, but with <strong>no tendrils</strong>, leaves whose stalk attaches inside the blade rather than at the edge, and a single flat crescent-moon seed inside each fruit.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Contains dauricine. Convulsions and death have followed from eating a handful mistaken for grapes. This is the most consequential berry confusion in eastern North America.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Menispermum canadense L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 11746,
    "gbif_months": [
     7,
     11,
     35,
     1247,
     2677,
     2721,
     1771,
     1232,
     1042,
     769,
     139,
     26
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 17069,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Pokeweed",
   "scientific_name": "Phytolacca americana",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "waste",
     "yard",
     "edge"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–12 mm on spikes 10–20 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America; naturalised in Europe.",
   "tell": "A tall soft herb to three metres with a smooth magenta stem, big alternate simple leaves, and hanging spikes of glossy purple-black berries that stain everything crimson.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "All parts are toxic and the root is the worst. A few berries cause severe vomiting and diarrhoea in a child; the folk tradition of eating boiled young shoots requires multiple changes of water and is not a beginner practice.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Phytolacca americana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 195553,
    "gbif_months": [
     2234,
     1236,
     1919,
     8739,
     16552,
     23168,
     29688,
     34593,
     36813,
     22572,
     6637,
     2160
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 182318,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Deadly nightshade",
   "scientific_name": "Atropa belladonna",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "waste"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 15–20 mm",
   "range": "Europe, western Asia; scattered escapes in North America.",
   "tell": "Single glossy black berries the size of a cherry, each sitting in a green five-pointed star of sepals, on a bushy plant with dull purple bell flowers.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Atropine and scopolamine. Two to five berries can kill a child. Symptoms are dilated pupils, dry mouth, flushed skin, confusion and hallucination. A genuine emergency.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-nightshade-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Atropa belladonna L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 57953,
    "gbif_months": [
     1693,
     173,
     220,
     1595,
     5947,
     8475,
     8455,
     7746,
     4124,
     2455,
     858,
     302
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 9083,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Black nightshade",
   "scientific_name": "Solanum nigrum and allies",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "flat"
    ],
    "where": [
     "waste",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 6–10 mm",
   "range": "Worldwide on disturbed ground.",
   "tell": "Small drooping clusters of dull black berries on a low branching weed with white star-shaped flowers and a protruding yellow cone of anthers.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Solanine, concentrated in unripe green fruit and foliage. Some populations are eaten as a cooked vegetable in parts of Africa and India, which is why the literature is confusing — treat the wild plant as toxic.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Solanum nigrum L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 363094,
    "gbif_months": [
     17010,
     6234,
     7225,
     9602,
     12145,
     19019,
     37653,
     49079,
     49374,
     33453,
     14574,
     6601
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 148250,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Bittersweet nightshade",
   "scientific_name": "Solanum dulcamara",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "vine"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "flat"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "waste",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–12 mm",
   "range": "Europe and naturalised across North America.",
   "tell": "Clusters of translucent egg-shaped red berries on a scrambling vine with purple flowers whose reflexed petals expose a yellow beak of anthers. Arrow-shaped leaves with two basal lobes.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Solanine. A common garden and hedgerow plant and one of the berries most often eaten by small children.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Solanum dulcamara L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 746681,
    "gbif_months": [
     21050,
     3541,
     4632,
     16033,
     61371,
     113558,
     122710,
     114328,
     74981,
     36974,
     10290,
     5506
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 131508,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "White baneberry",
   "scientific_name": "Actaea pachypoda",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–10 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "Porcelain-white berries each with a single black dot, on thick bright red stalks — the plant is called doll's eyes and looks exactly like that. Nothing else resembles it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cardiogenic toxins. Six berries can cause cardiac arrest in a child. The unmistakable appearance is the only good news here.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Actaea pachypoda Elliott",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 26709,
    "gbif_months": [
     8,
     21,
     83,
     1120,
     3071,
     2215,
     2841,
     8067,
     6782,
     2263,
     99,
     49
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 38412,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Red baneberry",
   "scientific_name": "Actaea rubra",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–10 mm",
   "range": "Northern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "Glossy scarlet berries in a tight cluster on slender green stalks, over large twice-divided toothed leaves. The stalks are thin, unlike white baneberry's thick red ones.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Same cardiogenic toxins as white baneberry.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 41417,
    "gbif_months": [
     23,
     23,
     79,
     287,
     4466,
     7823,
     15261,
     9734,
     2011,
     282,
     31,
     53
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 46011,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Holly",
   "scientific_name": "Ilex species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub",
     "tree"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 6–10 mm",
   "range": "Europe and eastern North America.",
   "tell": "Bright red berries clustered along the twig of an evergreen with glossy spiny-edged leaves. Only female plants fruit.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Saponins. Twenty berries can be serious for a child; two or three cause vomiting. One of the commonest Christmas poison-centre calls.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ilex L.L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1043006,
    "gbif_months": [
     55693,
     39780,
     73201,
     95524,
     94551,
     83849,
     81790,
     76533,
     69957,
     65501,
     45508,
     38713
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 403501,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Yew",
   "scientific_name": "Taxus species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "tree",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Aril 8–12 mm",
   "range": "Churchyards, hedges and woodland across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A soft scarlet cup open at the end with a single dark seed visible inside, on a dark evergreen with flat needles in two rows.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "The red flesh is not itself toxic — birds eat it — but the seed inside contains taxine alkaloids that stop the heart, and the needles are lethal to livestock. Treat the whole plant as poison.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Taxus L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 338087,
    "gbif_months": [
     11597,
     8648,
     14356,
     22200,
     25381,
     39860,
     36053,
     37840,
     23575,
     14991,
     8166,
     6727
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Virginia creeper",
   "scientific_name": "Parthenocissus quinquefolia",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue",
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "vine"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "bunch"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 5–8 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North America; widely planted in Europe.",
   "tell": "Small blue-black berries on bright red stalks on a climber with five leaflets radiating from one point, turning scarlet in autumn and clinging by adhesive pads.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Oxalate crystals. Mistaken for wild grapes; the five-leaflet leaf and the red stalks separate them.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-a-virginia-creeper-poisonous/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 118892,
    "gbif_months": [
     849,
     523,
     2893,
     21072,
     21605,
     17974,
     13983,
     11631,
     12345,
     8237,
     2029,
     855
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 162515,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Honeysuckle",
   "scientific_name": "Lonicera species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "orange"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub",
     "vine"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "yard",
     "waste"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 5–10 mm",
   "range": "North America, Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "Translucent red or orange berries in pairs at the leaf joints of a vine or twiggy shrub with opposite leaves and tubular fragrant flowers.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Most species cause vomiting and diarrhoea in quantity; a couple of berries is usually a stomach upset rather than a crisis. Honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea) is a cultivated exception grown as food.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-honeysuckle-poisonous-to-dogs/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Hawthorn",
   "scientific_name": "Crataegus species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "tree",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "flat"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–15 mm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Clusters of small red pomes with a crown at the end, on a thorny tree with lobed toothed leaves. The flesh is dry and mealy with one to five hard stones.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Flesh is edible and traditionally made into jelly. Do not crush and eat the seeds — like apple pips they contain cyanogenic compounds.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crataegus L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1891167,
    "gbif_months": [
     71010,
     26912,
     54557,
     145372,
     241633,
     243698,
     213659,
     196776,
     158564,
     92641,
     37164,
     27281
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 281545,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Rose hip",
   "scientific_name": "Rosa species",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "orange"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "open",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 1–3 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A firm orange-red urn with dried sepals still attached at the tip, on a thorny shrub with pinnate leaves. Very high in vitamin C.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The flesh is edible. The interior hairs around the seeds are a mechanical irritant and must be strained out — they were the original itching powder.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rosa L.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 2436329,
    "gbif_months": [
     84656,
     24805,
     41354,
     95713,
     240766,
     366433,
     312656,
     264830,
     198936,
     108913,
     43387,
     26872
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10017950,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Chokecherry",
   "scientific_name": "Prunus virginiana",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "caution"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "black"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "tree",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "edge",
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 6–10 mm",
   "range": "Across North America.",
   "tell": "Long hanging spikes of small dark cherries, each with a single round stone, on a small tree with oval finely toothed leaves. Astringent enough to make the mouth pucker.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Flesh is edible and traditionally used for jelly. The stones, leaves and bark contain cyanogenic glycosides; do not crush the pits, and keep livestock off wilted foliage.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Prunus virginiana L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 56676,
    "gbif_months": [
     92,
     97,
     176,
     3526,
     16087,
     10122,
     8114,
     8855,
     3704,
     1883,
     1003,
     236
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 100872,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Juniper",
   "scientific_name": "Juniperus communis",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "caution"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "blue"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub",
     "tree"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open",
     "edge"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cone 6–9 mm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Hard blue-black berry-like cones with a waxy bloom and a three-part seam at the tip, on a prickly evergreen with sharp needles in whorls of three. Smells of gin.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Common juniper is the culinary species, used as a spice rather than a fruit. Several other junipers are toxic, and juniper should be avoided in pregnancy.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Juniperus communis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 797120,
    "gbif_months": [
     25926,
     12630,
     18141,
     29778,
     57096,
     102242,
     135684,
     114592,
     58457,
     31934,
     16026,
     11405
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 88541,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Cranberry and lingonberry",
   "scientific_name": "Vaccinium macrocarpon, V. vitis-idaea",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb",
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "open"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–20 mm",
   "range": "Bogs and heath across northern North America and Eurasia.",
   "tell": "Firm sour red berries on a low creeping evergreen mat with tiny leathery leaves, in acid bog or heath. Cranberries float, which is how commercial harvesting works.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 16740,
    "gbif_months": [
     425,
     148,
     383,
     742,
     1067,
     2725,
     3974,
     2985,
     1929,
     1192,
     400,
     283
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 11030,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Wintergreen",
   "scientific_name": "Gaultheria procumbens",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 8–12 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "A single mealy red berry under a low evergreen plant with thick glossy oval leaves that smell unmistakably of wintergreen when crushed. The smell confirms it.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Gaultheria procumbens L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 36281,
    "gbif_months": [
     834,
     733,
     2352,
     5396,
     4576,
     3433,
     5014,
     4172,
     3035,
     3325,
     1867,
     1143
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 42400,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Partridgeberry",
   "scientific_name": "Mitchella repens",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "single"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 6–8 mm",
   "range": "Eastern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "A red berry with two dimples at the end — it forms from two fused flowers — on a trailing evergreen mat with small round paired leaves marked with a white midrib.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Mitchella repens L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 66936,
    "gbif_months": [
     1601,
     1623,
     4330,
     9771,
     10417,
     8873,
     5944,
     5477,
     7665,
     5835,
     3215,
     2026
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 80632,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Jack-in-the-pulpit",
   "scientific_name": "Arisaema triphyllum",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cluster 3–6 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North American woodland.",
   "tell": "A tight club of glossy scarlet berries on a bare stalk in late summer, where the hooded pulpit flower was in spring. Leaves in threes on a separate stalk.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Loaded with calcium oxalate needles. Eating one produces immediate intense burning of the mouth and throat rather than delayed poisoning — which usually stops anyone eating a second.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 73262,
    "gbif_months": [
     32,
     47,
     635,
     14970,
     31684,
     9216,
     4470,
     4701,
     5963,
     1037,
     155,
     56
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 126312,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Lily of the valley",
   "scientific_name": "Convallaria majalis",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red",
     "orange"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "herb"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "woods",
     "yard"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 6–12 mm",
   "range": "Gardens and shaded woodland across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Orange-red berries on an arching stem over two broad basal leaves, in the shady spot where white bells hung in spring.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Cardiac glycosides in every part including the vase water. A garden plant with lethal fruit at toddler height.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/is-lily-of-the-valley-deadly/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Convallaria majalis L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 476918,
    "gbif_months": [
     8469,
     1393,
     4948,
     34947,
     91377,
     79831,
     65473,
     55358,
     29412,
     9970,
     2236,
     1776
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 77411,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Sumac",
   "scientific_name": "Rhus typhina, R. glabra",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "edible"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "red"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub",
     "tree"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "spike"
    ],
    "where": [
     "waste",
     "edge"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cone-shaped cluster 10–20 cm",
   "range": "Eastern and central North America.",
   "tell": "An upright fuzzy crimson cone of tiny hairy fruit at the tip of a branch, over long compound leaves. Soaked in cold water it makes a sharp lemony drink.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Red-fruited sumacs are edible. Poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix) has drooping <strong>white</strong> fruit and grows in swamps — its sap causes severe dermatitis. Red and upright is safe; white and drooping is not.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rhus typhina L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 118017,
    "gbif_months": [
     2472,
     2074,
     2872,
     5365,
     7116,
     12976,
     22923,
     19711,
     15595,
     12203,
     3583,
     1849
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 90351,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "wild-berry-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/wild-berry-identifier/",
   "name": "Snowberry",
   "scientific_name": "Symphoricarpos albus",
   "traits": {
    "edible": [
     "toxic"
    ],
    "colour": [
     "white"
    ],
    "habit": [
     "shrub"
    ],
    "cluster": [
     "flat"
    ],
    "where": [
     "yard",
     "edge"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Fruit 1–1.5 cm",
   "range": "North America; widely planted in Europe.",
   "tell": "Clusters of soft, matt, pure white berries that persist on a bare twiggy shrub through winter, popping when squeezed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Saponins. Rarely fatal but reliably causes vomiting, and its appearance and winter persistence make it one of the most-eaten berries by children in northern Europe.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Symphoricarpos albus (L.) K.Koch",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 209919,
    "gbif_months": [
     5740,
     1825,
     2929,
     10272,
     16252,
     17606,
     18374,
     21248,
     18285,
     13163,
     7413,
     5013
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 76170,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Death cap",
   "scientific_name": "Amanita phalloides",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring",
     "volva"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood",
     "grass"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "deadly"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 5–15 cm",
   "range": "Europe, and now widespread in California, the Pacific Northwest and the northeastern US under introduced oaks.",
   "tell": "Greenish, olive or yellowish cap with a faint radial sheen, white gills that never darken, a white skirt-like ring, and — the critical feature — a white membranous sac at the base that is usually buried and has to be dug for.",
   "confused_with": "Young button stages look exactly like edible field mushrooms and puffballs; the green cap looks like an edible russula or a paddy straw mushroom. Slice any suspected puffball vertically — an outline of a mushroom inside means Amanita.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Amatoxins destroy the liver. Half a cap can kill an adult. Symptoms begin 6–24 hours later, appear to resolve on day two, and organ failure follows on day three. Cooking, drying and freezing do nothing.",
   "article": "https://orvik.app/plants/identify-mushrooms/",
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Link",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 36397,
    "gbif_months": [
     904,
     143,
     95,
     327,
     425,
     413,
     1441,
     6119,
     9259,
     10617,
     3394,
     2037
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 13622,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Destroying angel",
   "scientific_name": "Amanita bisporigera, A. ocreata, A. virosa",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring",
     "volva"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "deadly"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 5–12 cm",
   "range": "Across North America and Europe, under oak and other hardwoods.",
   "tell": "Pure white throughout — cap, gills, stem and ring — with a sac at the buried base and a slightly shaggy stem. Elegant, and the most dangerous mushroom in North America.",
   "confused_with": "Young button stages resemble puffballs and white field mushrooms. Field mushrooms have pink or brown gills and never a basal sac.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "The same amatoxins as the death cap, and the same delayed course. There is no home test and no antidote.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Amanita bisporigera G.F.Atk.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 4153,
    "gbif_months": [
     52,
     88,
     66,
     96,
     245,
     300,
     816,
     949,
     765,
     382,
     207,
     151
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 18343,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Fly agaric",
   "scientific_name": "Amanita muscaria",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring",
     "volva"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 8–20 cm",
   "range": "Under birch, pine and spruce across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "The storybook mushroom: scarlet to orange cap studded with white warts, white gills, a ring, and a stem base ringed with concentric scaly bands.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Ibotenic acid and muscimol. Causes delirium, nausea, sedation and confusion rather than organ damage, but hospitalisations are routine and dosage is unpredictable.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 316522,
    "gbif_months": [
     3383,
     873,
     1673,
     5203,
     6237,
     5347,
     7803,
     21646,
     50258,
     165050,
     40393,
     6313
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 158146,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Deadly galerina",
   "scientific_name": "Galerina marginata",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-brown"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "deadly"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 2–4 cm",
   "range": "On rotting conifer and hardwood across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A small nondescript brown mushroom with a faint ring on a brownish stem, growing in clusters on decaying wood. Rust-brown spore print.",
   "confused_with": "Almost identical to several edible wood-rotting species, including honey fungus and the psilocybin-containing <em>Psilocybe</em> species it grows alongside. It has killed people hunting both.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Contains the same amatoxins as the death cap in a mushroom the size of a thumbnail.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Galerina marginata (Batsch) Kühner",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 29533,
    "gbif_months": [
     1281,
     554,
     475,
     741,
     492,
     395,
     465,
     1355,
     5448,
     9964,
     5114,
     2401
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 28287,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Jack-o'-lantern",
   "scientific_name": "Omphalotus olearius, O. illudens",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "wood",
     "tree"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 5–15 cm",
   "range": "Eastern North America and southern Europe, at the base of hardwood stumps.",
   "tell": "Bright pumpkin-orange throughout, in dense overlapping clumps at the base of a stump, with <strong>true sharp-edged gills that run down the stem</strong>. The gills glow faintly green in complete darkness.",
   "confused_with": "Chanterelle, the classic and frequent error. Chanterelles have blunt forking ridges rather than gills, grow singly from soil, and are never in a clump on wood.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Violent vomiting and cramps for several hours. Rarely dangerous, reliably memorable.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Singer",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2597,
    "gbif_months": [
     46,
     33,
     31,
     42,
     43,
     61,
     94,
     186,
     355,
     798,
     618,
     194
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 3156,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Chanterelle",
   "scientific_name": "Cantharellus species",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "ridges"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 3–10 cm",
   "range": "Woodland across North America and Europe, in mycorrhizal association with oak, beech and conifers.",
   "tell": "Egg-yellow, funnel-shaped, with blunt forking ridges running down the stem rather than knife-edged gills, growing singly from soil. Smells of apricot.",
   "confused_with": "Jack-o'-lantern, which is on wood in clumps with true gills, and the false chanterelle, which has thin crowded true gills and a darker orange centre.",
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cantharellus",
    "rank": "genus",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 132224,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Morel",
   "scientific_name": "Morchella species",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "hollow"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 4–12 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere in spring, often after fire or near dying elms and ash.",
   "tell": "A honeycombed conical cap of pits and ridges, attached to the stem at its base, and — the essential check — <strong>completely hollow from cap tip to stem base when sliced lengthwise</strong>.",
   "confused_with": "False morel (<em>Gyromitra</em>), which is brain-like and wrinkled rather than pitted, and is chambered with cottony fibre inside rather than hollow. Slice every one lengthwise.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Must be cooked thoroughly. Raw morels cause gastrointestinal illness, and they should not be eaten with alcohol by anyone who has reacted before.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Morchella Dill. ex Pers.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 44728,
    "gbif_months": [
     306,
     292,
     2588,
     19030,
     14418,
     2132,
     904,
     789,
     957,
     1030,
     334,
     237
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 75179,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "False morel",
   "scientific_name": "Gyromitra esculenta",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "deadly"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 4–10 cm",
   "range": "Conifer woods across North America and northern Europe, in spring.",
   "tell": "A reddish-brown irregularly folded brain-like cap, not pitted, and when sliced lengthwise it is chambered and stuffed with cottony fibre rather than hollow.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Gyromitrin metabolises to monomethylhydrazine — rocket fuel. Toxicity varies by population and by individual, the vapour from cooking has poisoned people, and it can be fatal. It is eaten traditionally in parts of Scandinavia and that tradition should not be exported.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Gyromitra esculenta Pers. ex Fr.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 14847,
    "gbif_months": [
     24,
     51,
     1318,
     4780,
     6222,
     1470,
     90,
     75,
     100,
     62,
     21,
     4
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10254,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Field mushroom",
   "scientific_name": "Agaricus campestris",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-brown"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "grass"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 4–10 cm",
   "range": "Pasture and lawns across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "White cap, a thin ring, and gills that start bright pink and darken to chocolate brown. The spore print is dark brown, never white, and there is no sac at the base.",
   "confused_with": "Destroying angel, which is the same size and colour with white gills and a basal sac. Check gill colour and dig up the base every single time.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Some Agaricus species — the yellow-staining mushroom in particular — bruise chrome yellow at the stem base and smell of ink or phenol when cut, and cause severe stomach upset.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Agaricus campestris L.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 17437,
    "gbif_months": [
     286,
     127,
     158,
     223,
     422,
     820,
     1460,
     2771,
     4228,
     4143,
     1424,
     393
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 20882,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Shaggy ink cap",
   "scientific_name": "Coprinus comatus",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-black"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring",
     "hollow"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "grass"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 5–15 cm tall",
   "range": "Lawns, verges and disturbed ground across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A tall white shaggy cylinder like a barrister's wig, standing on a hollow stem with a loose ring, which within a day dissolves itself into black ink from the bottom edge upward.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Edible when young and pure white, and must be cooked within hours. The related common ink cap (<em>Coprinopsis atramentaria</em>) causes a violent reaction if alcohol is taken within days of eating it.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Coprinus comatus (O.F.Müll.) Pers.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 148708,
    "gbif_months": [
     995,
     587,
     1143,
     3065,
     3370,
     2330,
     1950,
     5489,
     26902,
     77067,
     21576,
     3040
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 84775,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Giant puffball",
   "scientific_name": "Calvatia gigantea",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-none",
     "sp-brown"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "grass",
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "20–70 cm across",
   "range": "Meadows and woodland edge across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "A white ball the size of a football with no stem and no gills, pure white and firm like marshmallow all the way through when sliced.",
   "confused_with": "Amanita buttons, which are also white balls. Slicing vertically settles it: a puffball is uniform white throughout, while an Amanita button shows the outline of a cap, gills and stem inside.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Edible only while the interior is pure white. Any yellow, olive or brown discolouration means it has begun forming spores and it causes stomach upset.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Calvatia gigantea (Batsch) Lloyd",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23923,
    "gbif_months": [
     382,
     274,
     494,
     608,
     565,
     1525,
     1625,
     4121,
     5981,
     5693,
     1383,
     407
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 22252,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Honey fungus",
   "scientific_name": "Armillaria species",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "wood",
     "tree"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 3–12 cm",
   "range": "Across the northern hemisphere, parasitic on tree roots.",
   "tell": "Honey-brown caps with fine dark scales in dense clusters at the base of a living or dead tree, with a whitish ring and a white spore print. Black bootlace-like rhizomorphs under nearby bark.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Eaten in some regions after thorough cooking, and it makes a substantial minority of people ill regardless. The bigger problem is that deadly galerina grows on the same wood and looks similar.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Armillaria (Fr.) Staude",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 102072,
    "gbif_months": [
     2006,
     703,
     985,
     2062,
     3816,
     2870,
     2251,
     4729,
     19141,
     40199,
     14845,
     4322
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 159299,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Oyster mushroom",
   "scientific_name": "Pleurotus ostreatus",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem",
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "wood",
     "tree"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 5–20 cm",
   "range": "On hardwood, especially beech and poplar, across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Shelving fan- or oyster-shaped caps in overlapping tiers on dead hardwood, with gills running right down onto a short off-centre stem or no stem at all. Smells faintly of aniseed.",
   "confused_with": "Various shelf fungi, most harmlessly. The lookalike worth knowing outside North America is the ghost fungus of Australia, which is toxic and bioluminescent.",
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 47857,
    "gbif_months": [
     7788,
     3732,
     2120,
     1519,
     1406,
     1175,
     1416,
     1966,
     3391,
     6739,
     7580,
     8175
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 92997,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Chicken of the woods",
   "scientific_name": "Laetiporus sulphureus",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "pores"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "tree",
     "wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Brackets 10–40 cm",
   "range": "On oak and other hardwoods across North America and Europe.",
   "tell": "Overlapping shelves of vivid sulphur-yellow and orange with a suede-like surface and tiny yellow pores underneath, no gills, growing straight out of a trunk.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Widely eaten, but a substantial minority of people react badly to it, and specimens from eucalyptus, conifers and yew have caused serious illness. Cook thoroughly and try a small amount first.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 122547,
    "gbif_months": [
     1233,
     1126,
     1310,
     3432,
     19950,
     15894,
     11026,
     25508,
     25779,
     11898,
     2946,
     1272
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 84169,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Hen of the woods",
   "scientific_name": "Grifola frondosa",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "pores"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "tree"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Clusters 20–60 cm",
   "range": "At the base of oaks across North America, Europe and Japan, in autumn.",
   "tell": "A large rosette of overlapping grey-brown fronds like ruffled feathers, growing from a branched white stalk at the foot of an oak, with white pores underneath. Called maitake.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23986,
    "gbif_months": [
     222,
     123,
     87,
     149,
     70,
     89,
     140,
     450,
     6051,
     12717,
     2850,
     554
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 15698,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Porcini and boletes",
   "scientific_name": "Boletus edulis and relatives",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "pores"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-brown"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 8–25 cm",
   "range": "Under conifers and oaks across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A stout brown bun-shaped cap over a sponge of white-to-yellow pores, on a fat pale stem with a fine white net near the top. Flesh does not change colour when cut.",
   "confused_with": "The bolete family is large and contains toxic members. The rough rule among foragers: avoid any bolete with red or orange pores, or whose flesh bruises immediately blue — a few good species do bruise blue, but the rule keeps beginners safe.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Boletus edulis Bull.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 76997,
    "gbif_months": [
     396,
     158,
     221,
     457,
     396,
     1229,
     5902,
     17571,
     25412,
     18176,
     4211,
     799
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 34614,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Lion's mane",
   "scientific_name": "Hericium erinaceus",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "teeth"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "tree",
     "wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–30 cm",
   "range": "On wounds in living hardwoods across North America, Europe and Asia.",
   "tell": "A white cushion hanging from a tree wound, covered in long soft downward-pointing spines like a mop. There is nothing else it can be confused with.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 11343,
    "gbif_months": [
     768,
     260,
     143,
     157,
     210,
     116,
     113,
     331,
     1454,
     3545,
     2608,
     1366
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 16271,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Turkey tail",
   "scientific_name": "Trametes versicolor",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "pores"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "inedible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Brackets 3–10 cm",
   "range": "On dead hardwood worldwide.",
   "tell": "Thin flexible brackets in concentric bands of brown, tan, blue-grey and cream with a velvety surface, and a cream underside with tiny pores. Too tough to eat; used for tea.",
   "confused_with": "False turkey tail, which has a smooth underside with no pores at all. Look underneath.",
   "risk": "safe",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 197063,
    "gbif_months": [
     16907,
     15218,
     18514,
     19259,
     11607,
     6249,
     6799,
     13370,
     22725,
     30020,
     19288,
     14584
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 225658,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Fairy ring champignon",
   "scientific_name": "Marasmius oreades",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "grass"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 2–5 cm",
   "range": "Lawns and pasture across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Small tan caps with a low central bump, widely spaced pale gills, and a tough wiry stem that twists without snapping, arranged in an arc or ring on grass.",
   "confused_with": "Several toxic small brown lawn mushrooms grow in the same rings, including <em>Clitocybe</em> species containing muscarine. This is a genus for experienced foragers only.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 45214,
    "gbif_months": [
     311,
     134,
     301,
     992,
     2683,
     4000,
     5254,
     7130,
     9668,
     10019,
     3134,
     490
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 32318,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Green-spored parasol",
   "scientific_name": "Chlorophyllum molybdites",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "ring"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "grass"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 7–30 cm",
   "range": "Lawns across the southern and eastern United States, and increasingly northwards.",
   "tell": "A large white cap with coarse brown scales and a movable ring, in rings on watered lawns. The gills slowly turn dull green with age, and the spore print is green.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "The most commonly eaten poisonous mushroom in North America, because it looks like the edible shaggy parasol and grows on suburban lawns. Causes severe vomiting and diarrhoea, occasionally requiring hospitalisation. The green spore print is the whole test.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Chlorophyllum molybdites (G.Mey.) Massee",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 17373,
    "gbif_months": [
     325,
     303,
     588,
     745,
     1122,
     1834,
     2931,
     3566,
     3337,
     1645,
     616,
     281
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 54932,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Sulphur tuft",
   "scientific_name": "Hypholoma fasciculare",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-brown",
     "sp-black"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 2–6 cm",
   "range": "On stumps and dead wood across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Dense clusters of sulphur-yellow caps on decaying wood, with gills that start yellow and become olive-green then purple-brown. Intensely bitter.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Causes severe gastrointestinal illness. Frequently confused with honey fungus, which grows in the same places.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P.Kumm.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 119456,
    "gbif_months": [
     2969,
     1042,
     1518,
     3541,
     5548,
     4549,
     4001,
     8079,
     23549,
     39705,
     16289,
     5677
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 63277,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Inky cap and alcohol reaction",
   "scientific_name": "Coprinopsis atramentaria",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-black"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare",
     "hollow"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "grass",
     "wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 3–7 cm",
   "range": "Disturbed ground and buried wood across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Grey-brown bell-shaped caps in clusters, dissolving into black ink with age. Similar to shaggy ink cap but grey and much smoother.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Contains coprine, which blocks alcohol metabolism. Eating it and drinking within three days causes flushing, palpitations and vomiting — the same mechanism as the drug disulfiram.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 26824,
    "gbif_months": [
     491,
     144,
     388,
     1109,
     1415,
     914,
     797,
     1662,
     5981,
     8606,
     3390,
     929
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Amanita muscaria buttons and other white eggs",
   "scientific_name": "Amanita species, young",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-none"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "volva",
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "deadly"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–6 cm",
   "range": "Wherever Amanita species fruit.",
   "tell": "A white or pale egg emerging from soil, which is how every Amanita starts and which looks exactly like a small puffball. Slice it vertically: an Amanita button contains the outline of a cap, gills and stem.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "This is the single most important cut a beginner can make. Every white ball gets sliced from top to bottom before anyone considers eating it.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Amanita Dill. ex Boehm., 1760",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 896164,
    "gbif_months": [
     11498,
     5877,
     8268,
     14151,
     19964,
     37062,
     76223,
     138829,
     191326,
     278776,
     73431,
     18858
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Russula",
   "scientific_name": "Russula species",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-white"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic",
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 4–15 cm",
   "range": "Woodland across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "Brightly coloured caps — red, green, purple, yellow — with white gills and a white stem, and flesh so brittle the stem snaps cleanly like chalk instead of tearing into fibres.",
   "confused_with": "The green-capped ones are confused with the death cap, and that is exactly how several fatal poisonings have happened. Russulas have no ring and no basal sac.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "The genus contains edible and sickening species that are not separable without expert knowledge. Treat as inedible.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Russula Pers.",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1172584,
    "gbif_months": [
     22414,
     10988,
     12334,
     28536,
     36778,
     53009,
     133057,
     261479,
     276530,
     191559,
     73663,
     24247
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1282167,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Blewit",
   "scientific_name": "Lepista nuda",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-pink"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood",
     "grass"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 5–12 cm",
   "range": "Leaf litter and compost across North America and Europe, in late autumn.",
   "tell": "Lilac to violet throughout when fresh, fading to tan from the cap centre, with crowded gills and a pale pink spore print. Smells strongly of frozen orange juice.",
   "confused_with": "Purple <em>Cortinarius</em> species, some of which are deadly and which have a rust-brown spore print and a cobwebby veil. The spore print separates them.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 37449,
    "gbif_months": [
     1051,
     310,
     240,
     260,
     500,
     403,
     373,
     460,
     3595,
     14802,
     11074,
     2976
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Cortinarius",
   "scientific_name": "Cortinarius species",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "gills"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-brown"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "bare",
     "ring"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "deadly"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Cap 3–12 cm",
   "range": "Woodland across the northern hemisphere; the largest mushroom genus there is.",
   "tell": "A cobwebby veil of fine fibres between cap edge and stem in young specimens, leaving a rusty fibrous zone on the stem as spores drop. Rust-brown spore print.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Several species contain orellanine, which destroys the kidneys with a delay of two to three weeks — long enough that patients do not connect the two. Treat the whole genus as off limits.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cortinarius",
    "rank": "genus",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 135168,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Puffball, common",
   "scientific_name": "Lycoperdon perlatum",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-brown",
     "sp-none"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "edible"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–7 cm",
   "range": "Woodland floor across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A pear-shaped white ball covered in small conical spines, on a short stalk, which develops a hole at the top and puffs brown spore dust when pressed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Edible only when pure white inside. Once the interior yellows it is spores, and it causes stomach upset. And still slice every one vertically to rule out an Amanita button.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 81767,
    "gbif_months": [
     1426,
     684,
     829,
     956,
     1196,
     1253,
     2898,
     9353,
     22039,
     26638,
     8649,
     2619
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 58270,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "mushroom-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/mushroom-identifier/",
   "name": "Earthball",
   "scientific_name": "Scleroderma citrinum",
   "traits": {
    "under": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "spore": [
     "sp-black"
    ],
    "stem": [
     "nostem"
    ],
    "substrate": [
     "ground-wood"
    ],
    "risk": [
     "toxic"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–10 cm",
   "range": "Woodland across the northern hemisphere.",
   "tell": "A hard yellow-brown ball with a thick warty rind that is firm rather than soft, and — the test — cut it open and the interior is solid purple-black even when young.",
   "confused_with": "True puffballs, which are white and soft inside. The black interior is decisive and there is no ambiguity.",
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Causes severe gastrointestinal illness. One of the most common poisonings in Europe because it grows beside edible puffballs.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Scleroderma citrinum Pers.",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 81700,
    "gbif_months": [
     2647,
     775,
     272,
     249,
     333,
     665,
     5755,
     15397,
     18780,
     20725,
     9116,
     4661
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 39905,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Cirrus",
   "scientific_name": "Ci",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "wispy"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair",
     "change",
     "wind"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 6–13 km",
   "range": "Worldwide, at all seasons.",
   "tell": "Delicate white streaks and hooks of ice crystal, drawn out by strong high-level wind into what people call mares' tails. Casts no shadow and never produces rain at the ground.",
   "confused_with": "Contrails, which start as straight lines and spread. Cirrus is curved and irregular from the start.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Cirrostratus",
   "scientific_name": "Cs",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "sheet"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "halo"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "change"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 6–13 km",
   "range": "Worldwide, ahead of warm fronts.",
   "tell": "A thin milky veil of ice crystals across the whole sky, so subtle you may only notice it because a bright 22-degree halo has appeared around the sun or moon. The halo is diagnostic.",
   "confused_with": "A hazy sky. If there is a halo, it is cirrostratus, and rain usually follows within 12 to 24 hours.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Cirrocumulus",
   "scientific_name": "Cc",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair",
     "change"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 6–13 km; elements under 1° across",
   "range": "Worldwide but the least common of the high clouds.",
   "tell": "A fine grain of tiny white ripples with no shading at all — hold your hand at arm's length and each cell is narrower than your little finger. The classic mackerel sky.",
   "confused_with": "Altocumulus, whose elements are larger and have grey shading underneath. If any element is shaded, it is not cirrocumulus.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Altostratus",
   "scientific_name": "As",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "sheet"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "dim"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "change",
     "rain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 2–6 km",
   "range": "Worldwide, ahead of warm fronts.",
   "tell": "A grey-blue sheet over the whole sky through which the sun shows as a pale watery disc with no halo — the textbook phrase is \"as if seen through ground glass\". Casts no shadows on the ground.",
   "confused_with": "Cirrostratus above it, which gives a sharp sun and a halo. Once the sun blurs, the deck has come down to altostratus and rain is closer.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Altocumulus",
   "scientific_name": "Ac",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear",
     "dim"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair",
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 2–6 km; elements 1–5° across",
   "range": "Worldwide, very common.",
   "tell": "Rounded white and grey patches in regular rows or a broken sheet, each element clearly shaded underneath and about the width of one to three fingers at arm's length.",
   "confused_with": "Stratocumulus, which is lower and whose elements are wider than three fingers.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Altocumulus castellanus",
   "scientific_name": "Ac cas",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches",
     "tower"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 2–6 km",
   "range": "Warm-season continental interiors.",
   "tell": "Mid-level cloud sprouting small turrets from a common base, like a row of battlements. It signals instability aloft, and on a summer morning it is the single most reliable sign of afternoon thunderstorms.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Nimbostratus",
   "scientific_name": "Ns",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid",
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "sheet"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "rain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 0.5–3 km, deep",
   "range": "Worldwide, in frontal systems.",
   "tell": "A thick dark grey featureless layer that blots out the sun completely and rains or snows steadily for hours. Ragged shreds of cloud drift beneath it in the falling precipitation.",
   "confused_with": "Stratus, which is lower and produces only drizzle. If steady rain has been falling for an hour, it is nimbostratus.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Stratus",
   "scientific_name": "St",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "sheet"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "dim",
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "rain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 0–2 km",
   "range": "Coasts, valleys and cool mornings everywhere.",
   "tell": "A uniform grey layer with no structure, low enough to hide hilltops, giving drizzle or nothing at all. The sun may show as a distinct outline when it is thin — unlike altostratus, where it is a blur.",
   "confused_with": "Fog. Stratus that reaches the ground is fog, and the two are the same cloud measured differently.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Stratocumulus",
   "scientific_name": "Sc",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear",
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair",
     "change"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 0.5–2 km; elements over 5° across",
   "range": "The most common cloud on Earth by area.",
   "tell": "Lumpy grey and white rolls or patches covering most of the sky with narrow blue channels between them, each element wider than three fingers at arm's length. Rarely produces more than light drizzle.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Cumulus humilis",
   "scientific_name": "Cu hum",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "heap"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 0.5–2 km, wider than tall",
   "range": "Worldwide, on sunny days over land.",
   "tell": "Small detached white heaps with flat bases all at the same height and crisp cauliflower tops, wider than they are tall. The fair-weather cloud, and reliably so.",
   "confused_with": "Nothing much. The flat base at a uniform level is what identifies the whole cumulus family.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Cumulus congestus",
   "scientific_name": "Cu con",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "vertical"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "heap",
     "tower"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear",
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm",
     "rain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Tops to 6 km",
   "range": "Warm humid air masses worldwide.",
   "tell": "A cumulus that has grown taller than it is wide, with hard sharply outlined cauliflower tops still made of water droplets. Also called towering cumulus, and it produces showers.",
   "confused_with": "Cumulonimbus, which it becomes. The moment the top loses its hard edge and goes fibrous, it has glaciated and it is a storm.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Cumulonimbus",
   "scientific_name": "Cb",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "vertical"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "tower"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm",
     "rain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base under 2 km, tops 12–20 km",
   "range": "Worldwide; the tallest clouds there are.",
   "tell": "A cloud that spans the whole troposphere, with a dark base, hard towering sides and a fibrous top spreading downwind into a flat anvil. Produces lightning, hail and every severe weather phenomenon there is.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Lightning strikes up to 15 km from the parent storm, well outside the rain. If you can hear thunder, you are within range; go inside.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Anvil (incus)",
   "scientific_name": "Cb inc",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high",
     "vertical"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "tower",
     "sheet"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Can spread 100 km downwind",
   "range": "With every mature thunderstorm.",
   "tell": "The flat fibrous top of a cumulonimbus, spread sideways where the updraught hit the stable tropopause and could rise no further. Its downwind edge tells you which way the storm is moving.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Overshooting top",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high",
     "vertical"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "tower"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "A dome above the anvil",
   "range": "Severe storms worldwide.",
   "tell": "A rounded bulge pushing up through the smooth anvil, meaning the updraught was strong enough to punch past the tropopause. Visible from tens of kilometres away and a reliable sign of a severe storm.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "Overshooting tops indicate very strong updraughts — large hail and damaging wind are likely under that storm.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Shelf cloud (arcus)",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "ragged",
     "sheet"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "A wedge across the storm's leading edge",
   "range": "Ahead of squall lines and strong storms.",
   "tell": "A low wedge attached to the storm base, with a smooth rising front and a ragged turbulent underside, advancing ahead of the rain. Wind hits within minutes of it passing overhead.",
   "confused_with": "A wall cloud, which hangs below the base at the rain-free rear of a storm and rotates. A shelf is at the front and does not rotate.",
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "A shelf cloud means a gust front. Get indoors and off the water before it arrives.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Wall cloud",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "ragged"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "A block lowered below the storm base",
   "range": "Supercells, mainly in the US Great Plains and Midwest.",
   "tell": "An isolated lowering hanging beneath the rain-free base at the rear of a storm, often visibly rotating. It marks the main updraught and it is where tornadoes form.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "A rotating wall cloud is a tornado warning situation. Take shelter and monitor official alerts rather than watching it.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Mammatus",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high",
     "mid"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Pouches 1–3 km across",
   "range": "Under the anvils of severe storms.",
   "tell": "Rows of smooth hanging pouches on the underside of an anvil, lit dramatically at sunset. They form in sinking air and mean the storm is mature — usually on its departing side, not its leading edge.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Altocumulus lenticularis",
   "scientific_name": "Ac len",
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid",
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lens"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "wind"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 2–8 km",
   "range": "Downwind of mountain ranges everywhere.",
   "tell": "A smooth almond or saucer, sometimes stacked in layers like a pile of plates, hanging motionless in a strong wind while the air streams through it. Standing waves over a ridge.",
   "confused_with": "Reported as a UFO more often than any other cloud, because it is smooth-edged and does not move.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Kelvin-Helmholtz waves",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid",
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "wind"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Breaking crests, a few hundred metres",
   "range": "Rare, worldwide, and brief.",
   "tell": "A row of curling breaking waves along the top of a cloud layer, exactly like surf. Forms where two layers move at different speeds; it lasts a couple of minutes.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Asperitas",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low",
     "mid"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "change"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Across a whole sky",
   "range": "Worldwide but uncommon; particularly noted in the US Plains.",
   "tell": "A chaotic wave-torn underside like the surface of a rough sea seen from below. Added to the WMO cloud atlas in 2017 — the first new formal cloud feature in over half a century.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Virga",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid",
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "wispy"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear",
     "dim"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Streaks hanging below a base",
   "range": "Dry climates especially.",
   "tell": "Trails of precipitation hanging beneath a cloud and stopping in mid-air, because the drops evaporate before they reach the ground. Curved streaks, often catching the light.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Pileus",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "mid",
     "vertical"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lens"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "A thin cap a few km across",
   "range": "Over strongly growing cumulus.",
   "tell": "A smooth thin cap sitting briefly on top of a rising cumulus tower, formed as the tower lifts the moist layer above it. It lasts a minute or two and marks a vigorous updraught.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Fractus and scud",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "ragged"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden",
     "dim"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "rain"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Small ragged shreds",
   "range": "Under raining cloud everywhere.",
   "tell": "Torn shapeless fragments of low cloud racing beneath a rain-producing deck, formed in the saturated air of falling precipitation. Detached from the main base, which is how you separate it from a wall cloud.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Fog",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "ground"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "sheet"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden",
     "dim"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Visibility under 1 km by definition",
   "range": "Valleys, coasts and cold clear nights worldwide.",
   "tell": "Stratus cloud at ground level. Radiation fog forms in a valley on a clear calm night and burns off by mid-morning; advection fog rolls in off cold water and can last for days.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Contrails",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "wispy"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "change"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Base 8–12 km",
   "range": "Under any busy flight path.",
   "tell": "Straight white lines behind aircraft. Whether they persist is a real weather signal: contrails that vanish in seconds mean dry air aloft and settled weather, while contrails that spread into sheets mean the upper air is already near saturation and a front is on the way.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Noctilucent clouds",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "wispy"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair"
    ]
   },
   "size": "About 80 km up — the highest clouds there are",
   "range": "Latitudes 50–70°, in the weeks around midsummer.",
   "tell": "Electric-blue filaments glowing against a deep twilight sky an hour or two after sunset, when everything else is dark. They are ice on meteoric dust in the mesosphere, lit by a sun that has already set for the ground.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Nacreous clouds",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "high"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "lens"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "clear"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "fair"
    ]
   },
   "size": "About 20 km up, in the stratosphere",
   "range": "High latitudes in deep winter: Scandinavia, Alaska, Scotland, Antarctica.",
   "tell": "Iridescent mother-of-pearl bands in pastel pink, green and gold, glowing well after sunset in a very cold winter twilight. Beautiful, rare, and involved in polar ozone destruction.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Pyrocumulus",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "vertical"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "heap",
     "tower"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "storm"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Tops to 10 km in extreme cases",
   "range": "Over large wildfires and volcanic eruptions.",
   "tell": "A dirty grey-brown cumulus growing directly out of a smoke plume, driven by the heat of the fire below. In its most extreme form it generates its own lightning and its own wind.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "danger",
   "risk_note": "A pyrocumulus over a wildfire indicates extreme fire behaviour and erratic winds. Treat it as a signal to leave the area.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "cloud-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/cloud-identifier/",
   "name": "Roll cloud (volutus)",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "level": [
     "low"
    ],
    "shape": [
     "patches"
    ],
    "sun": [
     "hidden"
    ],
    "weather": [
     "wind"
    ]
   },
   "size": "A tube up to hundreds of km long",
   "range": "Rare; the Morning Glory over the Gulf of Carpentaria is the famous example.",
   "tell": "A long horizontal tube of cloud rolling about its own axis, completely detached from any other cloud. Unlike a shelf cloud it is not attached to a storm base.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Atlantic bay scallop",
   "scientific_name": "Argopecten irradians",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-fan"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "gulf"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–8 cm",
   "range": "Eelgrass beds from Massachusetts to Texas.",
   "tell": "A fan with 17 to 18 strong rounded ribs and a small square \"ear\" on each side of the hinge, in mottled grey, orange or purple. The living animal has a row of blue eyes along the mantle edge.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 14485,
    "gbif_months": [
     669,
     771,
     847,
     1361,
     1306,
     1161,
     936,
     961,
     1163,
     1318,
     1029,
     961
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7341,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Calico scallop",
   "scientific_name": "Argopecten gibbus",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-fan"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs",
     "pattern"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s",
     "gulf"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–6 cm",
   "range": "North Carolina to Brazil.",
   "tell": "A small deeply cupped scallop mottled in white, pink and maroon in a broken calico pattern, with about 20 ribs. The most abundant shell on many Florida beaches.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5660,
    "gbif_months": [
     379,
     361,
     393,
     416,
     372,
     438,
     346,
     336,
     289,
     289,
     325,
     619
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4504,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Atlantic jingle shell",
   "scientific_name": "Anomia simplex",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth",
     "pearly",
     "holes"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "gulf"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–5 cm",
   "range": "Nova Scotia to Brazil.",
   "tell": "Thin, translucent, warped and metallic gold, orange or silver, light enough to be almost weightless. The lower valve has a hole where the animal cemented itself to a rock. A handful jingles like coins.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Anomia simplex d'Orbigny, 1853",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8675,
    "gbif_months": [
     375,
     407,
     444,
     639,
     1630,
     586,
     549,
     645,
     463,
     421,
     337,
     457
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5611,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Eastern oyster",
   "scientific_name": "Crassostrea virginica",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "gulf"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–20 cm",
   "range": "The Gulf of St Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico.",
   "tell": "Thick, heavy, irregular and layered, taking the shape of whatever it grew on, chalky grey outside and porcelain white inside with a single purple muscle scar.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 15837,
    "gbif_months": [
     945,
     796,
     1242,
     2074,
     1083,
     1376,
     1257,
     1352,
     1333,
     1230,
     802,
     963
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 18265,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Blue mussel",
   "scientific_name": "Mytilus edulis",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "pac",
     "eur"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–10 cm",
   "range": "Cold rocky coasts of the North Atlantic and Pacific.",
   "tell": "A smooth blue-black wedge pointed at one end, glossy when wet, pearly violet-white inside, usually still attached to others by tough byssal threads.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 232395,
    "gbif_months": [
     5649,
     6320,
     10541,
     13715,
     18760,
     15712,
     17278,
     40938,
     50116,
     25665,
     13748,
     6703
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 35916,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Atlantic surf clam",
   "scientific_name": "Spisula solidissima",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s"
    ]
   },
   "size": "12–20 cm",
   "range": "Nova Scotia to North Carolina.",
   "tell": "A large heavy triangular-oval white clam with a smooth chalky exterior and a spoon-shaped pit inside the hinge. The big empty shells used as ashtrays on the northeast coast.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 7477,
    "gbif_months": [
     268,
     246,
     497,
     825,
     546,
     704,
     796,
     1133,
     683,
     552,
     347,
     296
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 7976,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Quahog and hard clam",
   "scientific_name": "Mercenaria mercenaria",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "gulf"
    ]
   },
   "size": "7–13 cm",
   "range": "The Gulf of St Lawrence to Florida.",
   "tell": "Thick, heavy and rounded-triangular with fine concentric growth ridges, dull grey-white outside and often edged deep purple inside. That purple lip was carved into wampum.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 7142,
    "gbif_months": [
     287,
     301,
     433,
     775,
     560,
     782,
     692,
     702,
     451,
     394,
     289,
     315
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10372,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Atlantic razor clam",
   "scientific_name": "Ensis directus",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval",
     "odd"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "eur"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–25 cm",
   "range": "The North Atlantic; introduced and abundant in Europe.",
   "tell": "Long, narrow and slightly curved like an old straight razor, glossy olive-brown with a varnished periostracum. Edges are genuinely sharp.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Broken razor shells cut bare feet on tidal flats. They are the main reason to wear something on a mudflat.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ensis directus (Conrad, 1844)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 8784,
    "gbif_months": [
     38,
     2048,
     508,
     1249,
     209,
     187,
     194,
     319,
     1673,
     1545,
     203,
     29
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6823,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Coquina",
   "scientific_name": "Donax variabilis",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-fan",
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "pattern",
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s",
     "gulf",
     "atl-n"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–2.5 cm",
   "range": "Virginia to Texas.",
   "tell": "Tiny wedge-shaped shells in every colour combination there is — pink, yellow, blue, purple, striped, rayed — no two alike. Living animals burrow back into the swash within seconds of a wave.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Donax variabilis Say, 1822",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5185,
    "gbif_months": [
     275,
     243,
     396,
     313,
     529,
     648,
     535,
     424,
     244,
     273,
     216,
     415
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5984,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Angel wing",
   "scientific_name": "Cyrtopleura costata",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s",
     "gulf",
     "atl-n"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–18 cm",
   "range": "Massachusetts to Brazil.",
   "tell": "Pure white, thin, brittle and elongated, with about 26 strongly beaded radiating ribs. Found whole only rarely, because the animal lives a metre deep in mud and the shell breaks on the way out.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2432,
    "gbif_months": [
     180,
     180,
     175,
     200,
     163,
     86,
     114,
     90,
     106,
     108,
     211,
     280
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 2427,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Lettered olive",
   "scientific_name": "Americoliva sayana",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth",
     "pattern"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s",
     "gulf",
     "atl-n"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–7 cm",
   "range": "North Carolina to Texas.",
   "tell": "A glossy cylindrical shell with a short spire and a long narrow aperture, cream with fine brown zigzag markings that look like handwriting. South Carolina's state shell.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Americoliva sayana (Ravenel, 1834)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 596,
    "gbif_months": [
     7,
     35,
     41,
     33,
     38,
     20,
     27,
     11,
     6,
     19,
     14,
     24
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Shark eye moon snail",
   "scientific_name": "Neverita duplicata",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "gulf"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–8 cm",
   "range": "Massachusetts to Texas.",
   "tell": "A smooth flattened globe, grey-blue with a dark button of callus in the centre of the underside that gives it the eye look. Drills neat countersunk holes in other shells to eat them.",
   "confused_with": "Any shell you find with a perfect round bevelled hole was killed by one of these. That hole is a moon snail's signature.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 18351,
    "gbif_months": [
     982,
     949,
     1124,
     1856,
     1914,
     1661,
     1250,
     1201,
     1572,
     1849,
     1378,
     1064
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 8137,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Lightning whelk",
   "scientific_name": "Sinistrofulgur perversum",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "spines",
     "pattern"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "gulf",
     "atl-s"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–30 cm",
   "range": "The Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Atlantic.",
   "tell": "A large pear-shaped whelk with knobs on the shoulder and brown lightning-bolt streaks — and it coils <strong>left-handed</strong>. Hold it spire up: the opening is on your left, which almost no other shell does.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Sinistrofulgur perversum (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 351,
    "gbif_months": [
     12,
     19,
     13,
     10,
     7,
     9,
     11,
     9,
     5,
     4,
     4,
     4
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 91,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Knobbed whelk",
   "scientific_name": "Busycon carica",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "spines"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–23 cm",
   "range": "Massachusetts to Florida.",
   "tell": "Large, pear-shaped, with a crown of blunt knobs around the shoulder and a bright orange interior. Coils right-handed, unlike the lightning whelk. New Jersey and Georgia both use it as a state shell.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 5164,
    "gbif_months": [
     323,
     217,
     364,
     535,
     486,
     558,
     414,
     394,
     292,
     363,
     287,
     370
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6701,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Channeled whelk",
   "scientific_name": "Busycotypus canaliculatus",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–18 cm",
   "range": "Cape Cod to Florida.",
   "tell": "Pear-shaped with a deep square-cut channel spiralling along the suture between the whorls, and no knobs. Often found with a long string of papery egg capsules like a coiled zipper.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Busycotypus canaliculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 3101,
    "gbif_months": [
     191,
     157,
     198,
     327,
     247,
     232,
     268,
     308,
     137,
     149,
     178,
     234
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 3558,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Florida fighting conch",
   "scientific_name": "Strombus alatus",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "spines"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s",
     "gulf"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–10 cm",
   "range": "North Carolina to Texas.",
   "tell": "A heavy stout conch with a flaring lip and a row of blunt spines on the shoulder, orange to brown. The notch near the front of the aperture is where the animal's eye stalk sticks out.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 2211,
    "gbif_months": [
     51,
     41,
     73,
     112,
     68,
     103,
     77,
     59,
     48,
     49,
     57,
     51
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 5327,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Queen conch",
   "scientific_name": "Aliger gigas",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "spines"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s"
    ]
   },
   "size": "15–30 cm",
   "range": "Florida and the Caribbean.",
   "tell": "Very large with a broad flaring lip and a glossy pink to peach interior. The classic shell held to the ear.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Protected in Florida — it is illegal to take a live queen conch there, and the species is listed under CITES. Empty shells are also restricted in some jurisdictions.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Aliger gigas (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 9027,
    "gbif_months": [
     608,
     549,
     891,
     699,
     1020,
     948,
     761,
     1541,
     613,
     301,
     260,
     333
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 4681,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Atlantic slipper shell",
   "scientific_name": "Crepidula fornicata",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "cone"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "eur",
     "pac"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–5 cm",
   "range": "Native to the western Atlantic; invasive in Europe and on the Pacific coast.",
   "tell": "An oval cap with a shelf across half the underside, like a boat with a deck — hence the alternative name of boat shell. Stacks of them grow one on another, and every animal in the stack changes sex as it ages.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 81342,
    "gbif_months": [
     4603,
     4997,
     6458,
     7897,
     7189,
     6603,
     7102,
     8167,
     9054,
     6879,
     4840,
     4638
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 15927,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Limpet",
   "scientific_name": "Patella and Lottia species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "cone"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "pac",
     "eur",
     "atl-n"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–6 cm",
   "range": "Rocky shores worldwide.",
   "tell": "A simple ribbed cone with an oval opening and no coil at all. Each limpet grinds a scar into the rock that its shell fits exactly, and returns to it after every feeding trip.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Patellares",
    "rank": "section",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": 46977,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Abalone",
   "scientific_name": "Haliotis species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "cone",
     "flat"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "holes",
     "pearly"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "pac"
    ]
   },
   "size": "10–25 cm",
   "range": "The Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexico, and worldwide.",
   "tell": "A flattened ear-shaped shell with a row of open respiratory holes along one edge and a brilliant iridescent nacre interior. Rough and encrusted outside, spectacular inside.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "Heavily regulated. Taking abalone is banned or tightly licensed on most of the US Pacific coast, and possession rules can apply to empty shells.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Haliotis Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "GENUS",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 1932070,
    "gbif_months": [
     4633,
     3092,
     5038,
     5614,
     9245,
     16524,
     23034,
     23143,
     20219,
     14111,
     1795546,
     4475
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 30877,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Olympia and Pacific oyster",
   "scientific_name": "Ostrea lurida, Magallana gigas",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "pac"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–25 cm",
   "range": "The Pacific coast of North America.",
   "tell": "Heavy, ruffled and irregular with sharp frilled edges, grey-white outside and smooth inside. The introduced Pacific oyster is much larger and more elongated than the native Olympia.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Ostrea lurida P.P.Carpenter, 1864",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 11519,
    "gbif_months": [
     61,
     45,
     51,
     114,
     2252,
     3765,
     2704,
     1049,
     272,
     46,
     57,
     39
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1248,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Sand dollar",
   "scientific_name": "Echinarachnius parma, Mellita species",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "flat"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "pattern",
     "holes"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "gulf",
     "pac"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–10 cm",
   "range": "Sandy bottoms on all US coasts.",
   "tell": "A flat white disc with a five-petalled flower pattern on top. It is not a shell at all but the internal skeleton of a burrowing sea urchin, and a living one is purple-brown and covered in fine moving spines.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": "caution",
   "risk_note": "A brown, fuzzy or purple sand dollar is alive. Put it back in the water. Only the bleached white ones are dead.",
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck, 1816)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 23218,
    "gbif_months": [
     164,
     136,
     623,
     470,
     456,
     1638,
     2999,
     7395,
     4942,
     2174,
     285,
     135
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 1985,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Common periwinkle",
   "scientific_name": "Littorina littorea",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth",
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "eur"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–3 cm",
   "range": "Rocky shores of the North Atlantic; introduced to North America.",
   "tell": "A small, solid, dark grey-brown spiral with a pointed spire and a thick round opening. The most abundant snail on northern rocky shores.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 59882,
    "gbif_months": [
     1486,
     1694,
     3301,
     6073,
     7369,
     6819,
     7741,
     9075,
     6804,
     4019,
     1626,
     1337
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 22402,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Dog whelk",
   "scientific_name": "Nucella lapillus",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "eur",
     "atl-n"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–4 cm",
   "range": "Rocky North Atlantic shores.",
   "tell": "A thick ribbed spiral in white, yellow or banded brown, with a short spire and a notched aperture. Colour depends on diet — mussel-eaters are brown, barnacle-eaters white.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 46493,
    "gbif_months": [
     1344,
     1258,
     2495,
     3270,
     4986,
     4689,
     5722,
     6019,
     6652,
     4537,
     2059,
     1391
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 10166,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Common cockle",
   "scientific_name": "Cerastoderma edule",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "bivalve-fan",
     "bivalve-oval"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "eur"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–5 cm",
   "range": "Sandy shores across northwest Europe.",
   "tell": "A near-circular cream shell with about 24 strong radiating ribs and a deeply cupped profile, so the two halves together make a heart shape seen end-on.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758)",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 101430,
    "gbif_months": [
     8705,
     5101,
     6303,
     10423,
     8838,
     8107,
     7401,
     9853,
     14132,
     9220,
     6424,
     4606
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 6636,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Auger and turret shells",
   "scientific_name": "Terebridae, Turritellidae",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral",
     "cone"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs",
     "pattern"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s",
     "gulf",
     "pac"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–12 cm",
   "range": "Warm sandy coasts.",
   "tell": "Long, slender, sharply pointed spires with many tight whorls — the shape of a screw or a church spire. Augers are smooth and patterned; turret shells are strongly ribbed.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Terebridae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 47732,
    "gbif_months": [
     2073,
     2220,
     2195,
     2065,
     2659,
     3378,
     2132,
     2059,
     2379,
     2528,
     2390,
     1666
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 8122,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Cowrie",
   "scientific_name": "Cypraeidae",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "odd",
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth",
     "pattern"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-s",
     "gulf",
     "pac"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1–6 cm",
   "range": "Warm seas worldwide; small species reach Florida and the Gulf.",
   "tell": "A glossy egg with a long narrow toothed slit along the flat underside and no visible spire at all — the mantle polishes the outside continuously while the animal is alive.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Cypraeidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 373880,
    "gbif_months": [
     6423,
     5377,
     6320,
     6282,
     7809,
     8228,
     10680,
     10520,
     8610,
     8272,
     244199,
     4772
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 54178,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Common whelk and egg case",
   "scientific_name": "Buccinum undatum",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "spiral"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "ribs"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "eur",
     "atl-n"
    ]
   },
   "size": "6–11 cm",
   "range": "The North Atlantic.",
   "tell": "A solid ribbed spiral with a pointed spire and a flared opening, in dull cream. The papery mass of hundreds of fused capsules washed up beside it — often called a sea wash ball — is its egg case.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Buccinum undatum Linnaeus, 1758",
    "rank": "SPECIES",
    "species_rank": true,
    "gbif_records": 54997,
    "gbif_months": [
     2622,
     3578,
     3666,
     4098,
     5423,
     5988,
     6741,
     7362,
     4634,
     4028,
     2700,
     2018
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 8734,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "seashell-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/seashell-identifier/",
   "name": "Skate egg case",
   "scientific_name": "Rajidae",
   "traits": {
    "form": [
     "odd"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "surface": [
     "smooth"
    ],
    "coast": [
     "atl-n",
     "atl-s",
     "pac",
     "eur"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–12 cm",
   "range": "All temperate coasts.",
   "tell": "Not a shell: a black leathery rectangular purse with a curved horn at each corner. Called a mermaid's purse, and it held a single skate embryo. Empty ones with a split at one end hatched successfully.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": "Rajidae",
    "rank": "FAMILY",
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": 832834,
    "gbif_months": [
     21183,
     67896,
     97368,
     33446,
     38068,
     25458,
     98009,
     126554,
     133849,
     112099,
     48692,
     20110
    ],
    "inaturalist_observations": 20082,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Clovis",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "fluted",
     "lanceolate"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ],
    "use": [
     "spear",
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "wide"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–13 cm",
   "range": "Across North America, roughly 11,500 to 10,800 BC.",
   "tell": "A lance-shaped point with a concave base and a broad flute — a channel flake scar — running up one or both faces from the base, usually a third of the length. Edges near the base are ground smooth so they would not cut the binding.",
   "confused_with": "Folsom, which is smaller and whose flute runs nearly the full length. Clovis is the older and heavier of the two.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Folsom",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "fluted",
     "lanceolate"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "plains",
     "west"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–7.5 cm",
   "range": "The Great Plains and the West, roughly 10,800 to 10,200 BC.",
   "tell": "Smaller and finer than Clovis, with a flute running almost the entire length of both faces and leaving only a narrow margin. Among the most technically demanding stone tools ever made.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Dalton",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "lanceolate"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart",
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–10 cm",
   "range": "The Mississippi valley and the Southeast, roughly 10,500 to 9,900 BC.",
   "tell": "A lance shape with a deeply concave, heavily ground base and flaring ears. Very often resharpened repeatedly into a serrated, asymmetric blade — it was a knife as much as a point.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Agate Basin",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "lanceolate"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ],
    "use": [
     "spear",
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "plains"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–13 cm",
   "range": "The northern Plains, roughly 8,500 to 8,000 BC.",
   "tell": "A long, narrow, unnotched leaf shape with the widest point above the middle, finely flaked in parallel bands, with heavy grinding on the lower edges.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Kirk corner-notched",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "corner"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–10 cm",
   "range": "The eastern woodlands, roughly 7,500 to 6,900 BC.",
   "tell": "Broad corner notches producing sharp barbs and a wide straight base, with strongly serrated edges. One of the most abundant Early Archaic types in the East.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Bifurcate base — LeCroy, St Albans, Kanawha",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "stemmed",
     "basal"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–4 cm",
   "range": "The eastern woodlands, roughly 6,900 to 6,000 BC.",
   "tell": "Small points with the base split into two distinct lobes by a central notch, giving a forked or fishtail outline. Distinctive enough to date a site on sight.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Big Sandy and other side-notched",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "side"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–6 cm",
   "range": "The Southeast and Midwest, roughly 8,000 to 6,000 BC.",
   "tell": "Narrow notches cut into the sides just above a straight or slightly concave ground base, leaving square rather than barbed shoulders.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Stemmed Archaic — Stanly, Morrow Mountain, Guilford",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "stemmed"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart",
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–8 cm",
   "range": "The Southeast, roughly 6,000 to 4,000 BC.",
   "tell": "A triangular blade over a short contracting or straight stem with sloping shoulders. Morrow Mountain stems taper to a point; Stanly stems are square with a small notch.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Benton and Savannah River",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "stemmed"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart",
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "6–15 cm",
   "range": "The Southeast, roughly 3,500 to 1,000 BC.",
   "tell": "Large, broad, heavy points with a square stem and wide shoulders, often made on high-quality chert. Savannah River points are among the biggest routinely found in the East.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Adena",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "stemmed"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "wood"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart",
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–11 cm",
   "range": "The Ohio valley and the Midwest, roughly 800 BC to AD 100.",
   "tell": "A long narrow blade over a broad rounded or contracting stem, thick in cross-section and often beautifully made in Flint Ridge or Wyandotte chert.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Snyders",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "corner"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "wood"
    ],
    "use": [
     "knife",
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–10 cm",
   "range": "The Midwest, roughly 200 BC to AD 300.",
   "tell": "A wide, thin, expanding-stem point with very large round corner notches and a broad blade. A Hopewell type, often made in exotic imported chert and found in mounds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Hopewell and Copena",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "corner",
     "stemmed"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "wood"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–8 cm",
   "range": "The Midwest and mid-South, roughly 100 BC to AD 500.",
   "tell": "Finely made, thin and symmetrical, in materials traded across half a continent — obsidian from Yellowstone and Knife River flint from North Dakota turn up in Ohio mounds.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Jack's Reef corner-notched",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "corner"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "wood"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2.5–5 cm",
   "range": "The Northeast and Midwest, roughly AD 500 to 1000.",
   "tell": "Thin, wide and very finely made with pronounced corner notches. Marks the transition to the bow in the East, and its thinness and light weight are why.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Levanna",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "triangle"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "wood",
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2.5–5 cm",
   "range": "The Northeast, roughly AD 700 to 1350.",
   "tell": "A broad isosceles triangle with a straight or concave base, as wide at the base as it is long, with no notching at all.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Madison",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "triangle"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east",
     "plains"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–4 cm",
   "range": "Across the East and Midwest, roughly AD 800 to 1600.",
   "tell": "A small thin triangle, longer than it is wide, with straight edges and a straight base. The standard Mississippian arrow point, and among the most commonly found points in the East.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Cahokia",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "side",
     "basal",
     "triangle"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "east"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–4 cm",
   "range": "The central Mississippi valley, roughly AD 1000 to 1300.",
   "tell": "A small triangle with delicate side notches and sometimes a third notch in the base, made on very thin flakes. Associated with the Cahokia mound centre.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Desert side-notched",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "side",
     "triangle"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "west",
     "sw"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–3 cm",
   "range": "The Great Basin and Southwest, roughly AD 1300 to 1800.",
   "tell": "A very small thin triangle with narrow side notches high on the blade and often a notch in the base. Frequently found alongside historic trade goods.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Cottonwood triangular",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "triangle"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "west"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–3.5 cm",
   "range": "The Great Basin and California, roughly AD 1200 to 1850.",
   "tell": "A small unnotched triangle with a straight or slightly convex base, very thin, often on obsidian. The unnotched counterpart of the Desert side-notched.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Elko corner-notched",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "corner"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "west"
    ]
   },
   "size": "3–6 cm",
   "range": "The Great Basin, roughly 3,000 BC to AD 700.",
   "tell": "A broad triangular blade with deep corner notches and pronounced barbs, usually on obsidian or basalt. One of the standard Great Basin dart points.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Rose Springs and Eastgate",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "corner",
     "side"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss",
     "wood"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "west"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–3.5 cm",
   "range": "The Great Basin, roughly AD 400 to 1300.",
   "tell": "Small, thin and delicately notched, with an expanding stem. Their appearance in the record dates the arrival of the bow in the Great Basin.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Plainview and Scottsbluff",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "lanceolate",
     "stemmed"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "paleo"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart",
     "spear"
    ],
    "region": [
     "plains"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–10 cm",
   "range": "The Great Plains, roughly 8,000 to 6,000 BC.",
   "tell": "Unfluted lanceolate or square-stemmed points with fine parallel horizontal flaking across the face — a distinctive technique associated with the Cody complex bison hunters.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Pedernales",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "stemmed",
     "basal"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic"
    ],
    "use": [
     "dart"
    ],
    "region": [
     "plains",
     "sw"
    ]
   },
   "size": "5–11 cm",
   "range": "Central Texas, roughly 2,500 to 1,000 BC.",
   "tell": "A broad blade over a wide rectangular stem with a deeply notched, forked base. Abundant across the Texas Hill Country and immediately recognisable.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Bonham and Perdiz",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "stemmed",
     "corner"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "plains",
     "sw"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–4 cm",
   "range": "Texas and the southern Plains, roughly AD 800 to 1600.",
   "tell": "Small arrow points with sharp barbs and a narrow contracting stem drawn to a point — the Perdiz stem looks like a tiny spike.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Harahey and beveled knives",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "lanceolate"
    ],
    "size": [
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "plains"
    ]
   },
   "size": "8–15 cm",
   "range": "The Plains, roughly AD 1200 to 1600.",
   "tell": "A long four-beveled diamond-shaped blade, sharpened alternately on opposite edges of each face so it stayed straight as it was resharpened. A butchering knife rather than a point.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Gunflint and historic worked glass",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "triangle",
     "lanceolate"
    ],
    "size": [
     "xs",
     "s"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "knife",
     "arrow"
    ],
    "region": [
     "wide"
    ]
   },
   "size": "1.5–4 cm",
   "range": "Across North America after roughly AD 1600.",
   "tell": "A square or wedge-shaped flint blank from a European musket, or a point knapped from bottle glass or a ceramic insulator. Both mark the contact and post-contact period.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Preform or blank",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "lanceolate",
     "triangle"
    ],
    "size": [
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic",
     "wood",
     "paleo"
    ],
    "use": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "wide"
    ]
   },
   "size": "4–12 cm",
   "range": "Everywhere.",
   "tell": "A roughly shaped biface with thick edges, no notches and no fine retouch — an unfinished point abandoned or stockpiled. Very common at quarry and workshop sites and frequently mistaken for a crude finished tool.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Scraper",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "triangle",
     "lanceolate"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m"
    ],
    "age": [
     "archaic",
     "wood",
     "paleo"
    ],
    "use": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "wide"
    ]
   },
   "size": "2–6 cm",
   "range": "Everywhere.",
   "tell": "A thick flake steeply retouched along one end or edge into a blunt working face, usually with a flat unmodified underside. Used on hides. Far more common on most sites than points are.",
   "confused_with": null,
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  },
  {
   "key": "arrowhead-identifier",
   "key_url": "https://orvik.app/tools/arrowhead-identifier/",
   "name": "Modern reproduction",
   "scientific_name": null,
   "traits": {
    "base": [
     "corner",
     "side",
     "fluted",
     "triangle"
    ],
    "size": [
     "s",
     "m",
     "l"
    ],
    "age": [
     "miss"
    ],
    "use": [
     "knife"
    ],
    "region": [
     "wide"
    ]
   },
   "size": "Any",
   "range": "Flea markets, gift shops and, unfortunately, the ground.",
   "tell": "Sharp unpatinated edges, no soil sheen, often in a stone not local to the area, and flake scars that are unusually regular — modern knappers use copper tools, which leave a different signature from antler and stone.",
   "confused_with": "Reproduction and forged points are extremely common in the trade. Provenance and context are the only reliable defence.",
   "risk": null,
   "risk_note": null,
   "article": null,
   "occurrence": {
    "resolved_name": null,
    "rank": null,
    "species_rank": false,
    "gbif_records": null,
    "gbif_months": null,
    "inaturalist_observations": null,
    "snapshot": "2026-09-04",
    "caveat": "A month histogram measures observers as much as organisms. Divide by the corpus baseline before claiming a season — /api/v1/field-data.json carries it."
   }
  }
 ]
}